Room Temperature Conditions Research Articles

N-doped carbon dots/SnS2 heterostructures for ultra-fast and sub-ppb-level detection of NO2 in multiple environments

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most common toxic gases, which not only impairs human health but also produces secondary pollutants induced by sunlight via associated photochemical reactions. Herein, we design a high-performance NO2 sensor based on the N-doped carbon dots/SnS2 (N-CDs/SnS2) heterostructure using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT results approve that the decoration of N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) onto the SnS2 nanosheet enhances adsorption capacity and electron transportation compared with those of pure SnS2, significantly enhancing the sensing responses. In addition, these in-situ synthesized N-CDs onto SnS2 nanosheet leads to band alignment, thereby significantly improves conductivity and enhances transportation and storage properties of carriers via a synergistic interaction. Furthermore, employment of UV illumination significantly increases active adsorption sites and enhances response and recovery kinetics. As a result, the developed NO2 sensor achieves fast responses of a few seconds and a limit of detection down to sub-ppb-level with the help of UV illumination. It also shows good linearly, operated in both air and oxygen-free environments, at both room or low temperature (238 K) conditions. The developed multi-framework offers an efficient and precision detection of NO2 with ultrafast responses and ultralow concentrations in multiple environments.

Leveraging the Potential of Iqbal MCR: An Efficient Synthetic Route to Structurally Complex Tripeptidyl Ketones via Sequential Iqbal‐3CR/Ugi‐4CR

AbstractHighlighting the potential of Iqbal multicomponent reaction (MCR), a streamlined two‐step MCR synthetic strategy is proposed for the rapid assembly of structurally complex tripeptidyl ketones, which are valuable building blocks for developing novel peptidomimetics. The approach utilizes consecutive Iqbal MCR and Ugi MCR under mild room temperature conditions, eliminating the need for laborious column chromatography purification. This work demonstrates Iqbal MCR's propensity to generate a diverse library of N‐(3‐oxopropyl) carboxamides containing carboxyl functionality, which can be readily elaborated further to tripeptidyl ketones through subsequent Ugi MCR.

Extraction of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Ulva sp. Using Acid and Toxicity Testing with the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

This study investigates the extraction of sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva sp. at pH 3 and evaluates their toxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) with Artemia salina. Artemia salina is utilized for its rapid life cycle and sensitivity to various chemical compounds, making it an effective bioassay organism for assessing the toxicity of natural extracts. The extraction process was conducted at both hot (80°C) and cold (room temperature) conditions, with the hot extraction yielding higher amounts of polysaccharides. The results indicated a wet extraction yield of 890 mL at 80°C and 800 mL at room temperature, while the highest dry weight yield was achieved at 80°C (0.57 g). The toxicity assessment revealed an LC50 value of 15,815.85 ppm, classifying the sulfated polysaccharides as non-toxic to Artemia salina. Maintaining optimal water quality parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels, is essential for the successful cultivation of Artemia salina. Furthermore, the acidic extraction pH significantly influences the structure and chemical properties of the resulting polysaccharides, emphasizing the importance of this parameter in future applications. These findings support the potential use of sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva sp. as a safe and effective feed ingredient in aquaculture.

Multifunctional and Hierarchical Porous ZIF-8: Amine and Thiol Tagged via Mixed Multivariate Ligand Strategies for Enhanced CO2 and Iodine Adsorption.

This study demonstrated a simple and innovative way of using the direct de novo synthesis to fabricate the mesoporous structure and diverse functionality of ZIF-8 for environmental cleanup and gas storage applications. By introducing different ligands, we have developed a version of ZIF-8 that could better capture carbon dioxide (CO2) and iodine. The ZIF-8 was successfully designed to have the hierarchical and mesoporous structure with the functional groups of amine and thiol groups by adjusting the pKa values (from 8 to 12) of ligand instead of original ligand, 2-methyl imidazole (Hmim, pKa~14.2). The modulation of ZIF-8 particle size, porosity, and functional characteristics was achieved through varied ligands and their concentrations, streamlined into a single and room-temperature synthesis condition. The resulting ZIF-8 materials exhibit intricate hierarchical architectures and a high density of functional groups, significantly enhancing molecular diffusion and accessibility. Among the developed materials, ZIF-8-AS, featuring both amine and thiol groups, demonstrates the fastest adsorption kinetics and a twofold increase in iodine adsorption capacity (qm = 1101.5 mg·g-1) compared to ZIF-8 (qm = 514.3 mg·g-1). Furthermore, the hierarchical mesoporosity of ZIF-8-A-10.1 improves CO2 adsorption to 1.0 mmol·g-1 at 298 K, which is 1.3 times higher than that of the microporous ZIF-8.

The solid-solution HxPO4@Fe3O4 synthesized by irradiation enhances the adsorption capacity of tungsten(VI) and anti-interference of coexisting oxoanion in waste water: Surface oxolation interaction

Tungsten (W), mainly existing as hexavalent oxidation state in nature, has been considered as an increasingly prominent waterborne pollutant, but it is also a critical metal. Therefore, it is important to develop a material to adsorb W(VI) from the waste water containing W(VI) to realize the high-efficiency enrichment and recovery of W(VI). Inspired by self-assembly of phosphate and W(VI) ions in the acidic solutions to form phosphotungstic polyoxoanions (e.g., Keggin-type PW12O403−), in this work, we have loaded the phosphate ion to surface of the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) by β particle irradiation to synthesize a composite adsorbent, HxPO4@Fe3O4 solid-solution (SS). This novel adsorbent is very efficient for W(VI) adsorption and recovery. The results of a batch of adsorption experiments indicate that HxPO4@Fe3O4 SS has a high adsorption efficiency for W(VI) in aqueous environments and strong anti-interference of coexist ions especially PO43−. Under room temperature conditions (∼25 °C), the maximum adsorption capacity reaches 88.44 mg g−1. This method not only ensures a substantial increase in W(VI) adsorption but also provides a facile means for adsorbent recovery, while minimizing additional environmental burdens. Based on the characterization results from Fourier transform infrared, Zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, we speculated that the possible mechanism of the adsorption process is that formed W(VI) polyoxoanions in acidic solutions are initially attracted by electrostatic attraction to the positively charged HxPO4@Fe3O4 surface, and then oxolation reaction occurs between W-OH of polyoxoanions and phosphate hydroxyl (P-OH) on the HxPO4@Fe3O4 surface to form P-O-W bridging oxygen group. This adsorption mechanism is also reflected in the adsorption kinetics, following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and adsorption thermodynamics, exhibiting a large enthalpy change (−76.3 kJ/mol) and a significant entropy reduction (−174.5 J/(mol K)).

Assessment of lyophilized microencapsulated multi strain probiotic for improved shelf life and stability

A Multi species Probiotics (MSP) of calf gut origin was encapsulated either with chitosan (ECMSP) or without chitosan (EMSP). Further, the probiotic was encapsulated and lyophilized (ELMSP) using three types of cryoprotectant solutions sucrose (ELMSP(S)), skim milk (ELMSP(SM)) and sucrose + skim milk combination (ELMSP (SSM)). The encapsulation yield was good and ranged from 75 % to 80 % for MSP products. These MSP products were stored at refrigeration temperature (4 °C), deep freeze and room temperature for 12 weeks. The shelf life (mean CFU) of encapsulated microcapsules was significantly better (P < 0.001) at the refrigeration temperature (9.44 Log10 CFU/g) than deep freeze (7.42 Log10 CFU/g) and room temperature (6.67 Log10 CFU/g). At the end of the 12 weeks storage period, EMSP maintained 25.1 %, 49.6 % and 32.6 % viable counts at room temperature, refrigeration and deep freeze condition respectively. For the lyophilized-encapsulated MSP, the mean probiotic counts of ELMSP(S) and ELMSP (SSM) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher (9.62 Log10 CFU/g) than those of ELMSP(SM) ((9.36 Log10 CFU/g) at room temperature. At refrigeration temperature, the mean probiotic counts for ELMSP (SSM. (10.1 Log10 CFU/g)) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than ELMSP(S, (9.97 Log10 CFU/g) and ELMSP(SM, (9.86 Log10 CFU/g). Further, a 12 weeks storage study for ELMSP (SSM) showed that the microcapsules stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C) showed only 6.4 % drop in viability which was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that of room temperature showing 15.3 % drop and deep freeze storage with 17.1 % drop in viability. It was appreciable that even at room temperature; there was only one log drop in the viability of MSP showing that it can be comfortably stored at room temperature for longer periods at field level.

Analysis of unstable combustion caused by the Gas–Liquid two-phase flow in small hypergolic propellant engines

Hypergolic bipropellant engines are extensively used in spacecraft operations. In these engines, the combustion reaction is initiated by the impinging jets of the oxidizer and fuel in the liquid phase. The most commonly used hypergolic fuels, hydrazine and monomethylhydrazine, as well as the oxidizer, nitrogen tetroxide, are all in liquid state under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. However, as these engines are operated in a space vacuum, a portion of the propellant inevitably evaporates because of low-pressure boiling immediately after engine start-up. The mixing of gas with liquid propellant results in unstable combustion, and minimizing this effect is critical for the engine design. Particularly, preventing high-frequency combustion instability is essential as it can be detrimental to the engine. This paper presents a mechanism that activates high-frequency combustion instability, realized by analyzing the pressure within the combustion chamber during artificially induced unstable combustion. Furthermore, the methodology for establishing operational constraints based on the proposed mechanism is clarified, along with the method for collecting test data. The study findings provide important indicators for the design criteria of bipropellant engines, contributing to the diversification and complexity of space development programs.

The seed endophytic microbe Microbacterium testaceum M15 enhances the cold tolerance and growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The potential of seed endophytic microbes to enhance plant growth and resilience is well recognized, yet their role in alleviating cold stress in rice remains underexplored due to the complexity of these microbial communities. In this study, we investigated the diversity of seed endophytic microbes in two rice varieties, the cold-sensitive CB9 and the cold-tolerant JG117. Our results revealed significant differences in the abundance of Microbacteriaceae, with JG117 exhibiting a higher abundance under both cold stress and room temperature conditions compared to CB9. Further analysis led to the identification of a specific cold-tolerant microbe, Microbacterium testaceum M15, in JG117 seeds. M15-inoculated CB9 plants showed enhanced growth and cold tolerance, with a germination rate increase from 40 % to 56.67 % at 14℃ and a survival rate under cold stress (4℃) doubling from 22.67 % to 66.67 %. Additionally, M15 significantly boosted chlorophyll content by over 30 %, increased total protein by 16.31 %, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 37.76 %, and increased catalase activity by 26.15 %. Overall, our study highlights the potential of beneficial endophytic microbes like M. testaceum M15 in improving cold tolerance in rice, which could have implications for sustainable agricultural practices and increased crop productivity in cold-prone regions.

Evaluation and screening of multivariate metal-organic frameworks for hydrogen storage

Multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) are characterized by their unique structural feature of incorporating multiple organic linkers and metal ions into a unified framework. This composite construction bestows MTV-MOFs with a broader spectrum of diverse and intricate properties compared to traditional single-component MOFs. In this study, the performance of 560 MTV-MOFs as hydrogen storage adsorbents has been thoroughly investigated. Firstly, the key structural parameters of materials, including density, pore occupied accessible volume, accessible surface area, and porosity were computed. Then, high-throughput Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were employed to calculate hydrogen adsorption capacity of MTV-MOFs under hydrogen pressures of 100 bar at both 77 K and 298 K. Based on simulated results, the deliverable hydrogen capacity of these MTV-MOFs were deduced under both room temperature conditions (298 K, 97.2 bar → 298 K, 5 bar) and low-temperature conditions (77 K, 100 bar → 160 K, 5 bar). Through high-throughput screening, we identified top ten promising MTV-MOFs with the highest hydrogen storage capacity and conducted in-depth studies on their hydrogen adsorption properties. Furthermore, we developed a multivariate linear regression model to quantitatively predict the relationship between hydrogen adsorption capacity and their structural parameters for these MTV-MOFs. The predictions of this model align closely with the outcomes derived from GCMC simulations. The present study highlights the potential of MTV-MOFs as promising candidates for hydrogen storage applications, thereby providing valuable theoretical insights into the exploration of high-capacity hydrogen storage materials.

Synthesis of succinate derivatives using a magnetically separable Fe3O4@gly@Furfural@Co(NO3)2 nanocatalyst at room temperature

A simple, one-pot synthesis of nine 3-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thiazole-2-yl sulfanyl) succinate derivatives has been achieved in moderate to good yields via a three-component reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, phosphites, and rhodanine at room temperature conditions and a magnetically-separable Fe3O4@gly@Furfural@Co(NO3)2 nanocatalyst. The size, surface charge, superparamagnetic properties, crystalline structure, and surface functional groups of nanoparticles were characterized and carried out utilizing several techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Value stream mapping (VSM).

CaZingipain2 Acts Positively in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Immunity against R. solanacearum.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important diseases in solanaceous plants, including peppers. It generally tends to be more serious under warm-temperature and moist (WM) conditions than at moist room-temperature (RM) conditions. Although immunity mechanisms at room temperature have been intensively studied, the mechanisms underlying WM conditions remain poorly understood. Herein, the pepper cysteine protease CaZingipain2 was expressed and functionally characterized in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum at WM conditions and at room temperature. The results showed that CaZingipain2 localized to the nucleus and was upregulated at the transcript level in pepper plants upon R. solanacearum infection under WM conditions (RSWM). Virus-induced gene silencing of CaZingipain2 significantly increased the susceptibility of pepper plants to RSWM, and was coupled with the downregulation of CaPRP1 and CaMgst3, which are specifically related to pepper immunity against RSWM, according to our previous studies, while its overexpression significantly reduced the susceptibility of N. benethamiana plants to RSWM compared to that of wild-type plants. In addition, our data showed that CaZingipain2 also acts positively in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum infection at room temperature by upregulating the SA- and JA-responsive PR genes, including CaNPR1 and CaDEF1. All these results indicate that CaZingipain2 improves pepper immunity against R. solanacearum under WM conditions and at room temperature by regulating different PR genes.

Development and application of a rapid visual detection technique for VanA gene in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.

One of the key approaches to treating and controlling vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREFm) is an accurate and rapid diagnosis. To achieve this goal, a simple and rapid method must be constructed for immediate detection in the field. Multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) is an isothermal rapid amplification method that allows amplification reactions to be completed under room temperature conditions. When combined with lateral flow strips (LFSs), MIRA-LFS enables the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, the MIRA method often produces false signals. These false signals are eliminated by using base mismatches introduced in primers and probes. The MIRA-LFS system was constructed with high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of VREfm, without the limitation of sophisticated instruments. This enables the prompt formulation of diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.

Regulating Functional Groups to Construct a Mild Passivator Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

The abundant defects on the perovskite surface greatly impact the efficiency improvement and long-term stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells. Molecules with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing functional groups have been cited for passivating various defects. However, few studies have investigated the potential adverse effects arising from the synergistic interactions among functional groups. Herein, we investigate the correlation between functional group configurations and passivation strength as well as the potential adverse impacts of strong electrostatic structures by methodically designing three distinct interface molecules functionalized with different ending groups, which both belong to biguanide derivatives, including 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) biguanide hydrochloride (DBGCl), metformin hydrochloride (MFCl), and biguanide hydrochloride (BGCl). The results indicate that DBGCl establishes comparatively mild active sites, not only passivates defects but also aids in forming a surface with a uniform potential. Conversely, MFCl exerts a more pronounced adverse effect on the perovskite surface, which is attributable to the electronic state perturbations induced by its functional groups. Due to the lack of hydrophobic groups, devices treated with BGCl demonstrate insufficient moisture resistance. Devices passivated with DBGCl demonstrate superior average efficiency, showcasing a 12% enhancement relative to the pristine. Furthermore, DBGCl-treated devices exhibit enhanced stability in three different environments, respectively, achieving the highest PCE retention rates under nitrogen conditions (25 °C), room-temperature air conditions (25 °C, RH = 40 ± 2%), and high-temperature air conditions (65 °C, RH = 40 ± 2%).

Natural Occurrence and Biology of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) under Local Conditions of Maharashtra

Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens is known as promising insect for organic waste recycling. However, its natural occurrence and biology in Maharashtra is not well documented. Present study aimed to assess the natural occurrence of H. illucens types of organic food substrates utilized by larvae in its natural environment and to examine its biology in the laboratory. The overarching objective was to evaluate the feasibility of rearing this insect under the local environmental conditions of Osmanabad district in Marathwada region of Maharashtra. Natural occurrence of H. illucens at 16 locations spanning across 10 districts was reported. Larvae were observed feeding on various types of organic wastes encompassing animal manures and their derivatives, kitchen scraps from households and canteens, decomposing fruits, vegetables, spoiled onions in storage structures, organic residues including crop remnants. Biology of the fly was examined in the laboratory under room temperature and humidity conditions in monsoon and in winter. Overall lifecycle of H. illucens was completed in 44.17 (± 6.07) to 46.46 (± 6.83) days in monsoon and 66.45 (± 6.84) to 68.24 (± 7.61) days in winter. Fecundity of female was 586.53 (± 36.41) and 531.47 (± 20.33) eggs in monsoon and in winter, respectively. Aggregation behavior was observed in maggots. Interactions of some arthropods with H. illucens was observed. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential for culturing H. illucens under local environmental conditions of Maharashtra.

Properties of a Broadband Gaussian Pulse Propagating Through a Λ-type Atomic Medium at Room Temperature

Abstract In our study, we conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis on the propagation behavior of a Gaussian pulse through a four-level Λ-type Rubidium atomic medium under room temperature conditions. Our investigation uncovers the presence of two distinct wavepackets within the medium’s transmission signal. The primary wavepacket, linked to electromagnetically induced transparency transmission, serves as the central signal in the study. Characterized by its optical beat signal utilized for fast microwave strength detection, this wavepacket demonstrates notable features such as pronounced normal dispersion and decreased group velocity. Additionally, the emergence of the Sommerfeld-Brillouin precursor as the second wavepacket further enriches our understanding of pulse dynamics in the medium. Our simulation findings reveal the potential for the optical precursor to play a dominant role in the transmission signal with the adopted methodology. Furthermore, we identify that experimental parameters like atomic density, vapor cell length, and control field intensity play crucial roles in modulating the time delay of the primary signal and the amplitude of the optical precursor.

Experimental and theoretical study of the photo-Fenton and photoelectrochemical properties of Ni doped FeOCl

In this work, Ni doped FeOCl (Ni-FeOCl) was synthesized by simple calcination method and used as a non-homogeneous phase catalyst for the photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline (TC). Photo-Fenton experiments showed that the degradation of TC by Ni-FeOCl-10 was 93.3 % in 60 min under neutral solution, room temperature and visible light conditions. The incorporation of Ni led to lattice defects on the surface of FeOCl, which was favorable for the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs (in agreement with the density-functional theory calculations). In addition, the TC removal efficiency decreased from 93 % to 82 % in five consecutive cycles, showing good structural stability. Finally, a possible mechanism for the degradation of TC by Ni-FeOCl catalysts was proposed on the basis of free radical trapping experiments. This research contributes fresh perspectives to the development of photo-Fenton catalysts and the treatment of antibiotic organic wastewater.

Influence of Preheating Self-Adhesive Cements on the Degree of Conversion, Cell Migration, and Cell Viability

Enhancing the degree of polymerization can mitigate the cytotoxic effects of resinous materials, as residual monomers have been identified as a significant contributor to cytotoxicity. Hence, the aim of the current research was to evaluate the influence of preheating self-adhesive cements at 39 °C on cell migration, cytotoxicity, and degree of conversion. RelyX U200, Set PP, and MaxCem Elite were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR–ATR). Self-adhesive resin cements were applied onto an ATR device, with samples subjected to either heated or room temperature conditions, followed by photoactivation. For the cytotoxicity analysis, extracts (24 h and 7 days) were placed in contact with NIH/3T3 cells. For cell migration, images were captured of each sample until the possible closure of the cleft occurred. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the effect of preheating on the degree of conversion and cell viability within the self-adhesive cements tested. A significance level of 5% was set for statistical purposes. In the results of the degree of conversion, preheating did not improve the conversion of cements (p &gt; 0.05). For the 3-(4-5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), preheating did not improve the results within 24 h, however, it generated positive results within 7 days for the Set PP resin cement (p &lt; 0.05). For cell migration, high rates of cell death were found in all groups. It is concluded that preheating at 39 °C causes a positive effect only in increasing the cell viability of the Set PP resin cement and that both materials analyzed are highly cytotoxic.

Effects of oleylamine concentration on the synthesis of formamidinium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals and physical-optical properties

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) has been extensively interested owing to their distinctive properties for applications in optoelectronics and energy harvesting. The properties of these nanocrystals, including optical and energy characteristics, can be tuned by adjusting the particle size using different synthesis techniques. Among these, the ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method has become popular for its simplicity and scalability. Nevertheless, it is vital to understand that the growth of PNCs is extremely sensitive to the conditions of synthesis, highlighting the importance of recognizing the factors that limit the formation and properties of PNCs. In this study, PNCs based on formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) were synthesized via the LARP method under room temperature and ambient atmospheric conditions. The structures and optical properties, including photoluminescence lifetime, of PNCs with varying amounts of organic ligands were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy showed that high concentrations of organic ligands lead to the formation of perovskite clusters. We also noted a slight red shift in the photoluminescence peak as the size of the PNCs increased. A peak photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 74% was achieved. This study provides crucial insights into the effects of ligand ratios and serves as a valuable resource for refining the synthesis parameters of PNCs.

Study on Demulsification Pre-Treatment of Emulsified Wastewater

In this paper, the flocculation effect of single flocculants and compound flocculants on emulsified wastewater under different conditions was studied. The effect of flocculant type, dose, settling time and composite ratio of flocculant on the treatment of emulsified wastewater were investigated through single-factor condition tests, and then the optimal conditions of flocculants for treating emulsified wastewater were obtained. The results showed that the single inorganic flocculant could break the stable state of the emulsion when the pH was adjusted to 7 and formed tiny flocs, but it took a long time to settle down. The single organic flocculant had no flocculation effect. The inorganic–organic composite flocculants could effectively solve the problem of emulsion breaking and flocculation, and could form large flocs and alum flower formations at the same time, with mud and water effectively separated. The best conditions for the composite flocculants were as follows: under the condition of room temperature and pH 7, the dose of PFC was 2250 mg/L and APAM was 5 mg, the homogeneous stirring time was 10 min, and the settling time was 0.5 h. The removal rate of COD and turbidity reached 84.75% and 99.86%. The study could provide a new treatment idea and method for the pretreatment of stabilized high-turbidity wastewater.

Development of a rapid NO2 gas sensor based on SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized with glycine

Amino acids, as naturally occurring small molecules, have shown potential as materials for gas sensor-assisted synthesis. In this study, we present a novel method based on amino acid templates for the assisted synthesis of small-sized SnO2 nanoparticles at a low temperature of 140℃. Specifically, the Gly/SnO2-2 sample, synthesized with 20 % wt glycine incorporation, exhibited a sensitivity of 22.74 towards a low concentration (3 ppm) of NO2 under UV irradiation at 365 nm, with a rapid response/recovery time of 12/11 s. Remarkably, even under UV-free room-temperature conditions, the sensor continued to respond to NO2. Crystal structure analysis of the material was conducted through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealing excellent crystallinity with a particle size of approximately 10 nm. Additionally, BET characterization indicated a well-defined spatial structure with a specific surface area of 58.17 m2/g. Experimental data further demonstrated that the Gly/SnO2-2 displayed good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. These findings underscore the potential of amino acid templating in advancing gas sensing technologies, offering avenues for the development of highly efficient sensing materials.