Territory Of Romania Research Articles

Population in the territory of the economic-geographic unit of the Vrsac mountains

Vrsac mountains are located in a direction west-east from Vrsac, through the Serbian-Romanian border, to the river Cerna. Their surface is about 172 km2, of which 122 km2 in the territory of Serbia, and 50 km2 in the territory of Romania. Considering the direction position and gravity zone of mountains of Vrsac, Vrsac mountain economic area on the Serbian side includes a district of nine settlements (Vrsac, Mali Zam, Malo Srediste, Veliko Srediste, Markovac, Mesic, Jablanka, Gudurica, Socica) with a total area of 424 km2. Changes in population in the settlements of the Vrsac Mountains can be traced in the course of 166 years (from the 1836 to 2002) because we have reliable statistics for that period. The population changes show a nearly linear increase in Vrsac itself and the decline of the population in other eight villages. In the area of economic geographic area of the mountains of Vrsac, according to the 2002 census there were 40.736 inhabitants (74,9% of the total population in the municipality Vrsac). The population is ethnically heterogeneous and this composition, to a greater or lesser extent, dates back to colonization during the 18th and 19 century. .

The structure and contemporary activity of the Intramoesian fault in northeastern Bulgaria obtained through a complex of new geological-geophysical methods

The structure of the Intramoesian fault is studied for the purpose of estimating its contemporary activity. The fault is known in the territory of Romania and Bulgaria, but it is insufficiently studied both from the geological point of view on the surface and from the geophysical point of view, from which the pattern of its deep structure can be inferred. The fault zone is the key structure for the solution of the problem of estimating the seismic hazard of the region, since the latest studies of this territory indicate the existence of traces of relatively young tectonic processes. According to some concepts the Intramoesian fault sets bounds to the tectonic plate, which is subducted under the Carpathian fold system in the region of the Vrancea Mountains. The paper under consideration presents the results of the field study of the southeastern, the Bulgarian, part of the fault with the application of a complex of geological-geomorphological and geophysical methods. On this basis, the structural segmentation of the fault is carried out and the specific features of its intersection with the disjunctives of another structural orientation are inferred. The data, which determine the degree of its geological and seismic activity, are also discussed.

Accessing the trauma of communism

This article centres on representations of Romanian women in the on-site reports filmed by American news crews in the days and weeks following the Romanian revolution. Around these representations, the article traces Romania's journey into televisibility on American television news, from an initially inaccessible site of falling communism to an overexposed site of post-communist trauma. Reports from abortion clinics were the first encounters with the territory of Romania that American television offered firsthand to its viewers, and these representations of Romanian women were the first representations of post-communist identities on American television. The article suggests that these representations of post-communist subjects, who appear as overexposed sites on which American television traces the effects of communism and the predicaments of the post-communist condition, display symptomatic features which have remained pervasive.

Review of the historical seismicity in the western and southwestern territory of Romania (Banat Seismic Region)

The seismicity of the western and southwestern territory of Romania, called in this paper Banat Seismic Region (BSR) is analyzed for the historical period using a new regional Parameter Earthquakes Catalogue (Oros et al. 2007). The catalogue comprises a number of 709 earthquakes occurred between 1443 and 1970, the 269 of which being new recorded events. The magnitudes/intensities (epicentral or maximum observed) range between 2.2 and 5.7 ( M m , M s , m b , MLH or M W ) and 3.0–8 EMS, respectively. Some of the major events re-evaluated on instrumental basis (historical seismograms collected by the author as partner into the EuroSeismos project) show larger values of magnitudes than the previous ones. The space distribution of the epicenters displays an obvious clustering trend well correlated with the tectonics and geology (faults and fault systems, structures). The time distribution displays an apparent migration of the seismic activity between different sources zones, e.g. before 1900 the activity conce...

Ground-motion prediction equations for the intermediate depth Vrancea (Romania) earthquakes

We present the regional ground-motion prediction equations for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA), and seismic intensity (MSK scale) for the Vrancea intermediate depth earthquakes (SE-Carpathians) and territory of Romania. The prediction equations were constructed using the stochastic technique on the basis of the regional Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) source scaling and attenuation models and the generalised site amplification functions. Values of considered ground motion parameters are given as the functions of earthquake magnitude, depth and epicentral distance. The developed ground-motion models were tested and calibrated using the available data from the large Vrancea earthquakes. We suggest to use the presented equations for the rapid estimation of seismic effect after strong earthquakes (Shakemap generation) and seismic hazard assessment, both deterministic and probabilistic approaches.

FEATURES OF THE BERTALANFFY-RICHARDS GROWTH MODEL

One of the major problems of the environment is the landslide and the forest plays an important role in this problem. In our country in the latest years had place massif deforestation. One possible solution of this is the forestation and for the good results are necessary studies of the growth for the forest. We start to study this issue in the paper [1]. Soil erosion and landslide are some of the prevalent land degradation process on Romania. The land with slope greater than 5% represents 67% from the territory of Romania. The fast soil erosion is favoured by the geomorphologic and litological conditions. The decreasing of the areas covered by forest represents the most important factor for the soil degradation. The surface covered by forest represents 27% from the territory of Romania.

Dams, sediment sources and reservoir silting in Romania

Romania ranks among countries with the greatest achievements in the field of dams in the world. Among the 80 membership countries of the ICOLD, Romania ranks 19th in “large dams” and the 9th in Europe. The reservoirs arranged behind dams are characterised by small capacities, generally under 200 million mc. The total number of big dams is 246, among which almost half are dams under 40 m in height. The highest dam is Gura Apelor, on Râul Mare, in the Retezat Mountains and it is 168 m. We can add to these other 1500 dams, under 15 m in height, with the reservoirs having capacities under 1 million m 3. The anthropic intervention through the arranging of dams and reservoirs in the river systems of Romania's territory is significant and justifies the concern of geomorphologists to know the relations between the dynamics of the landscape and the behaviour of these anthropic structures. This work refers only to one of the processes that reservoirs undergo once they are placed in a river system—the silting. More precisely, we try to make a synthesis of the knowledge stage of the reservoirs silting in Romania that we want to approach on the basis of the relations with our territory morphodynamics and considering the substantial accumulations of new data. The total erosion rate from Romania's territory is, on the average, 125 million tons/year out of which 45–50 million tons/year are transferred by rivers. We analyzed 138 reservoirs with initial volumes between 1 × 10 6 m 3 and 1230 × 10 6 m 3 for which there is a determination of the silting time. The situation of the reservoirs silting from Romania is as follows: very serious for 15 dam reservoirs with average dimensions of 8 million m 3, all of them situated in the Sub-Carpathian area, one of the important sediment production areas (over 500 tons/km 2/year), with the silting time T50 of these reservoirs having values between 2 and 10 years; serious for 30 reservoirs, with average capacities of 35 million mc, and the silting time T50 between 10 and 50 years. In this case, the reservoirs are also situated in the area of important specific sediment production of over 250 tons/km 2/year (the case of the rivers Olt, Argeş, Buzău, and Bistriţa but also of the reservoirs in the Bârlad basin), many of them being arranged as a cascade of small reservoirs on the main rivers; difficult for 13 reservoirs, with a silting time < 100 year and which are usually situated in the area at about 200 tons/km 2/year.

Accounting for site effect in probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard for Romania and Bucharest: a case of deep seismicity in Vrancea zone

The paper presents recent achievements in evaluations of site-dependent seismic hazard in Romania and the capital city of Bucharest caused by the Vrancea focal zone (SE-Carpathians). The zone is characterized by a high rate of occurrence of large earthquakes in a narrow focal volume at depths 60–170 km. The database that was used for the hazard evaluation includes parameters of seismicity, ground-motion source scaling and attenuation models (Fourier amplitude spectra), and site-dependent spectral amplification functions. Ground-motion characteristics were evaluated on the basis of several hundred records from more than 120 small magnitude ( M 3.5–5) earthquakes occurred in 1996–2001 and a few tens of acceleration records obtained during four large ( M 7.4, 7.2, 6.9 and 6.3) earthquakes. The data provide a basis for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in terms of peak ground acceleration, peak spectral acceleration and MSK intensity using Fourier amplitude spectra for various exceedance probabilities or average return periods. It has been shown that the influence of geological factors plays very important role in distribution of earthquake ground-motion parameters along the territory of Romania.

Blood group frequencies in Romania: Microregional and ethnic differences

This study is based on the results of the blood group typing (AB0, MN, RH: D/d) of two samples from Romania and on literature data. The 40 population samples used are scattered on the today's territory of Romania. Some data refer to more or less endogamous villages or groups of villages which belong to the same marriage area, some data refer to towns with admixed populations. Samples of nine ethnic minorities have been included in the study. The results have been discussed on the basis of the historical and geographical background.

The relation between population groups in the Bronze Age or Hallstatt and preceding or contemporary ones, with consequences upon the anthropological structure or cephalic index of the communities on the territory of Romania

The relation between population groups in the Bronze Age or Hallstatt and preceding or contemporary ones, with consequences upon the anthropological structure or cephalic index of the communities on the territory of Romania

EDXRF and PAA Analyses of Dacian Gold Coins of "Koson" Type

Twenty-one gold coins of koson type, considered to be the only kind of gold coins issued by Dacians, were analyzed using EDXRF and PAA methods. Three groups of coins of different compositions were found, corresponding to coins with simple monogram, complex monogram and no monogram. The gold of koson coins is not a natural one (electrum) from present Romania's territory, but is similar to the gold of pseudo-Lysimachan staters. Some possible historical conclusions are discussed.

Gamma spectrometric measurement of 210Pb in environmental samples

The activity of 210Pb in sediment cores and atmospheric deposition samples was measured by gamma spectrometry. To account for differences in photon attenuation between the calibration sources and each sample, self-attenuation corrections, based on Monte Carlo computed coefficients, were automatically evaluated by the gamma analysis program. In sediment cores (sampling sites: Danube River and Danube-Black Sea Channel), an excess 210Pb activity was found. From the depth profile of the 210Pb concentration, the sedimentation rate in the Iron Gate Reservoir was estimated to be 1.9 cm y −1. The average activity of 210Pb in deposition samples (10 sampling sites distributed over the territory of Romania) is 80 mBq m −2 d −1, with a standard deviation of 26 mBq m −2 d −1.

The Permian in Northern Bulgaria. I. Formal lithostratigraphy related to the Lower Permian

Two lithostratigraphic groups, corresponding to Lower Permian and Upper Permian, have been distinguished after stating the principles of division of the Permian sediments. In the first group, called North-Bulgaria Group, are distinguished: a variegated clayey-terrigenous formation, Nanevo and Komunari Formations (Lower Rotliegendes?), Severci Formation (Upper Rotliegendes?) and Bdin and Dolna Zlatica Formations (undivided Rotlegendes), as well as Kamen Briag, Bajacevo and Balgarevo Members in Nanevo Formation and Bononia, Delejnska and Rasovo Members in Bdin Formation. The officially distinguished lithostratigraphic units are documented by eight type sections and two reference sections, which are described according to drill-holes, taking into consideration the requirements of the Stratigraphic Code. The variegated clayey-terrigenous formati on comprises red and grey-green sandstones, silt stones and argillites. In the Nanevo Formation, from the bottom upwards, dominate various middle-acid volcanites and tuffs (Kamen Brjag Member), conglomerates, sandstones and a small amount of silt stones with tuffs and redeposited volcanic material (Bajačevo Member) and hypoargillitcs, hyposiltstones, a small amount of impure gravel-sandy rocks (Bălgarevo Member). Polygenetic brecc iaconglumcrates. conglomerates, red and black grey sandstones and siltstones alternate in the Komunari Formation (by a lateral disappearance of the psephilic rocks). The Belin Formation mainly contains conglomerates with carbonate fragments (with a small amount of admixtures of volcanic fragments, mainly in the Bononia Member), the composit ion of the Delcjnska Member being hypoa lcuropclitic. The Dolna Zlatica Formation is built of brown-reddish, mainly massive argillites and clayey siltstones with rare bedded interbeds consisting of siltstones and grained sandstones. Breccia conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones (a small amount of argillites), the psephites bearing fragments of sediments (carbone ones inclusive), low-metamorphic and volcanic rocks, are in an alternation in the Severci Formation. The Severci Formation overlies an eroded surface, while the other formations interfinger laterally with a correlation of the separate triads of members. The Komunari Formation is spread over the southern margin of the estern part of North Bulgaria, the Dolna Zlatica Formation - in the Tiirnovo Depression and the areas around, the Nanevo Formation - in the Bulgarian Coastal Dobrudza and around the North-Bulgaria Swell, the Severci Formation - in NE Bulgaria. Lower Permian, in the Bulgarian pari of the Moesian area, has a more detailed lithostratigraphic division than on the territory of Romania. The majority of the formations and members described may have analogues in the drill-holes north of the Danube.

John Alexander. &lt;italic&gt;Yugoslavia before the Roman Conquest&lt;/italic&gt;. (Ancient Peoples and Places.) New York: Praeger Publishers. 1972. Pp. 175. $12.50. and Miron Constantinescu &lt;italic&gt;et al.&lt;/italic&gt;, editors. &lt;italic&gt;Relations between the Autochthonous Population and the Migratory Populations on the Territory of Romania&lt;/italic&gt;. (Bibliotheca Historica Romaniae, Monographs, number 16.) Bucharest: Academiei Republicii Socialise România. 1975. Pp. 323. 30 L

John Alexander. Yugoslavia before the Roman Conquest. (Ancient Peoples and Places.) New York: Praeger Publishers. 1972. Pp. 175. $12.50. and Miron Constantinescu et al., editors. Relations between the Autochthonous Population and the Migratory Populations on the Territory of Romania. (Bibliotheca Historica Romaniae, Monographs, number 16.) Bucharest: Academiei Republicii Socialise România. 1975. Pp. 323. 30 L Get access alexander John. Yugoslavia before the Roman Conquest. (Ancient Peoples and Places.) New York: Praeger Publishers. 1972. Pp. 175. $12.50. Constantinescu Mironet al. , editors. Relations between the Autochthonous Population and the Migratory Populations on the Territory of Romania. (Bibliotheca Historica Romaniae, Monographs, number 16.) Bucharest: Academiei Republicii Socialise România. 1975. Pp. 323. 30 L. Donald W. Wade Donald W. Wade Kent State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 82, Issue 1, February 1977, Page 69, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/82.1.69 Published: 01 February 1977

Bvölkerung und erwerbsquellen in Romänien

Romania's territory has been continually settled from palaeolithic times. Romania's population has constantly increased, particularly in the second half of the 19th century and especially after 1948, when an increasing birth-rate and a reducing death-rate led to an increasing rate of growth. In 1973, the population was 20 828 000 inhabitants, and it is expected to reach about 32.1 million by the year 2000. The increase was accompanied by changes in the geographical distribution of population in general and of labour in particular. The complex process of the economic development in contemporary Romania can also account for the migrational phenomenon, especially in the rural environment. The village-to-town migrations (and to a lesser extent the reverse process) reveal two extremely important aspects: increased urbanization, which becomes more and more important in Romania today, and the urbanization of the Romanian village.