Rolling Action Research Articles

Bionic light-responsive hydrogel actuators with multiple-freedom motions in water environments

Soft actuators with biomimetic behavior have widely been utilized in intelligent robotics and artificial muscles. Herein, tannic acid (TA) non-covalently modified and γ-methacrylic trimethoxysilane (MPS) covalently modified MXene (MPS-TA-MXene) are incorporated into a poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-polyacrylamide) (PNIPAM-PAM) copolymer hydrogel to yield a light-responsive hydrogel nanocomposite, denoted as MNA. TA effectively preserves the surface characteristics of MXene while the double bonds in MPS form covalent bonding between MXene and PNIPAM-PAM copolymer, ensuring uniform dispersion of MPS-TA-MXene in MNA hydrogel. Under exposure to ultraviolet light, the resulting MNA hydrogel actuators with nematode- or starfish-shaped exhibit not only bending capabilities in various directions and angles but also demonstrate remarkable multiple-freedom rolling behavior in water environments due to their volume shrinkage induced by the phase transition of MNA hydrogel. Overall, the proposed simply assembled MNA hydrogel actuators with multiple and continuous bionic motions, distinguishing them from conventional single soft actuators limited to bending in one specific direction or performing a simple singular action of rolling, look promising for use in underwater exploration.

Effects of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large PE Pipe via Polymer Melt Jetting Stacking

The conventional methods for producing large-diameter pipes, such as extrusion and winding fusion welding, suffer from various drawbacks including difficulties in forming, complex molds, and high costs. Moreover, the flexibility and production efficiency of traditional manufacturing processes are relatively low. To address these challenges, this study proposes a new manufacturing process for polymer melt jetting and stacking based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) and rolling forming principles. This innovative approach aims to overcome the limitations of conventional methods and improve the flexibility and production efficiency in large-diameter pipe manufacturing. In the polymer melt jetting and stacking process, a plastic melt with a specific temperature and pressure is extruded by an extruder. The melt is then injected through the nozzle embedded in the previous layer of the pipe blank. By utilizing the localized rolling action of the forming device and adjusting the diameter using a diameter adjustment device, the newly injected plastic melt bonds with the previous layer of the pipe blank. Finally, the continuous large-diameter plastic pipe is formed through cooling and solidification. Experimental investigations demonstrate that the polymer melt jetting and stacking process can produce pipes with diameters ranging from 780 mm to 850 mm and thicknesses of 20 mm to 25 mm. The radial tensile strength, impact strength, and microstructural orientation of the produced pipes exhibit superior performance compared to those in the axial direction. Additionally, process parameters such as rolling speed, cooling temperature, melt extrusion speed, and tractive velocity significantly influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of the pipes.

Wear behavior of AlTiN coated WC tools in micromilling of Ti6Al4V alloy using vegetable oil-based nanofluids

The performance of AlTiN coated WC tool with pure vegetable oil-based MQL, vegetable oil with mono (CuO, MoS2), and hybrid (CuO + MoS2) nanofluid-based MQL in micro-milling of Ti6Al4V is investigated, and compared with the dry condition. Viscosity, wettability, and coefficient of friction (COF) of pure soybean oil and mono and hybrid nanofluids are characterized. CuO nanofluid-based MQL exhibited the best result in the shearing-dominant region by reducing tool wear in terms of % diameter reduction, equivalent burr width, and specific cutting force by 68.98%, 37.55%, and 51.40%, respectively, compared to dry conditions, due to the best wetting nature and rolling action. In the plowing-dominant region, the performance of nanofluid-based MQL was not satisfactory owing to the entrapment of the nanoparticles underneath the tool.

Influence of vehicle and pavement characteristics on dust resuspension from soil pavement of open-pit mine

It is essential to explore the distribution characteristics of dust concentration distribution near the surface of soil pavement in open-pit mines to develop effective dust control measures. Therefore, in this study, the dust resuspension process of soil pavement was analyzed by building the dust resuspension experimental system of open-pit mine, and the change rules of dust concentration under different factors were investigated. The results showed that under the action of wheel rolling, the dust moved around the wheel along the vertical direction, and the diffusion trajectory in the horizontal direction was approximately parabolic. After re-suspension of the open-pit mine soil pavement, the area of high dust concentration behind the wheel is roughly triangular. The relationship between the average dust concentration (Total dust, Respirable dust and PM2.5) and the vehicle speed and weight were fit to a power function, while the relationship with silt content and water content were quadratic. Vehicle speed and water content had significant effect on the total dust, respirable dust (RESP) and PM2.5 average concentration, while vehicle weight and silt content had little effect on the respirable dust and PM2.5 average concentration. When the water content of mine soil pavement reached 3 %, the average dust concentration could be reduced to <10 mg/m3, and the vehicle speed should be reduced as much as possible under the mine production permitting conditions.

Effect of MWCNTs on micromechanical and high-temperature tribological behavior of ZTA-MgO ceramic composites

Correlating the microstructure and tribo-mechanical properties is a promising approach for evaluating the performance of any newly decorated high-temperature materials. Aiming to improve the mechanical and tribological performance of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA)− 0.6 wt% magnesium oxide (MgO) ceramic matrix, extremely low amounts (0.05 wt% and 0.1 wt%) of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) is added into matrix. MWCNT-reinforced ZTA-0.6 wt%MgO composites are fabricated through a colloidal mixing followed by hot-press sintering at 1500 °C. The ceramic composites exhibit excellent tribo-mechanical properties attributed to the microstructural modification through the effective interaction between matrix and reinforcement phases including spinel (MgAl2O4) formation and MWCNTs. Perceptible improvement of hardness and fracture toughness ascribes to the collective strengthening mechanism. The advanced micromechanical interlocking mechanism for 0.05 wt% MWCNT-reinforced composite derives from the length reduction of MWCNTs during the powder mixing. The rolling action of MWCNT clumps evolves into a prominent three-body abrasive wear including crack bridging and crack arrest. This impeccable anti-wear and lubrication performance refer to decreasing wear rate of ∼81% and coefficient of friction of ∼29% even at 500 °C temperature making ZTA-0.6 wt%MgO-0.05 wt%MWCNT composite appropriate for high-temperature wear resistance applications.

Application Of Back Massage To Smooth Milk In Breastfeeding Mothers At Pelamonia Makassar Hospital

ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Introduction: The action of rolling massage (back) can affect the hormone prolactin which functions as a stimulus for breast milk production in mothers during breastfeeding. The action of massage rolling (back) will provide comfort and relax the mother because massage rolling can stimulate the release of endorphins and can stimulate the oxytocin reflex. The purpose of the study: to identify how to apply back massage (massage rolling) to facilitate breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers. Methods: In this study the methods used were interviews and observation. respondents were given back massage intervention (massage rolling. The intervention was carried out for 3 days with a duration of 5-10 minutes with a sample of 2 people. Results: Based on the results of measuring the volume of breast milk in the two samples at the time of the visit, it showed a very significant increase in breast milk. This is because both clients have been given a rolling massage (back) which can help the hormone oxytocin work in releasing breast milk, accelerating the parasympathetic nerves to convey signals to the back of the brain to stimulate milk production to come out. Conclusion: From the results that the application of back massage (massage rolling) to facilitate breast milk can affect the way hormones work in milk production . Suggestion: It is recommended for further research with more samples and with a longer time regarding the application of back massage (massage rolling) to facilitate breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers.&#x0D; Keywords: rolling massage, smooth breastfeeding, breastfeeding mothers.&#x0D;

A New Approach Methodology (NAM) Based Assessment of Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) for Endocrine Disruption Potential.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant widely used in many industrial sectors. BHT is a well-studied compound for which there are many favorable regulatory decisions. However, a recent opinion by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) hypothesizes a role for BHT in endocrine disruption (ANSES (2021). This opinion is based on observations in mostly rat studies where changes to thyroid physiology are observed. Enzymatic induction of Cytochrome P450-mediated thyroid hormone catabolism has been proposed as a mechanism for these observations, however, a causal relationship has not been proven. Other evidence proposed in the document includes a read across argument to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), another Community Rolling Action Plan (CoRAP)-listed substance with endocrine disruption concerns. We tested the hypothesis that BHT is an endocrine disruptor by using a Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) method. Four different cell lines: A549, HCC1428, HepG2, and MCF7 were treated with BHT and a series of BHT analogs at 5 different concentrations, RNA was isolated from cell extracts and run on the L1000 gene array platform. A toxicogenomics-based assessment was performed by comparing BHT's unique genomic signature to a large external database containing signatures of other compounds (including many known endocrine disruptors) to identify if any endocrine disruption-related modes of action (MoAs) are prevalent among BHT and other compounds with similar genomic signatures. In addition, we performed a toxicogenomics-based structure activity relationship (SAR) assessment of BHT and a series of structurally similar analogs to understand if endocrine disruption is a relevant MoA for chemicals that are considered suitable analogs to BHT using the P&G read across framework (Wu et al., 2010). Neither BHT nor any of its analogs connected to compounds that had endocrine activity for estrogens, androgens, thyroid, or steroidogenesis.

COVID-19, “Roll Camera and Action”: Filming culture of a Ghanaian Cinematographer in a Pandemic Era

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, filmmaking and filmmakers have been affected most across the globe. Predominantly, it has not only changed execution of the role of Cinematographers on film sets during the filmmaking process, but also has certain repercussions on the profession as far as filmmaking is concerned. Based on this situation, this study examines how Ghanaian Cinematographers observe protocols on set when filming during the pandemic. In addition, it considers some effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the Cinematography profession in this part of our world as far as filmmaking is concerned. Findings indicate that personal hygiene, which was disregarded during filming in the past has now become a daily ritual before a camera roll on film sets. It is noted that in spite of some participants being cautious during filming on set caught the disease in one way or the other. Despite its negative effects, it has also introduced various avenues that serve as new opportunities to enhance the Cinematography profession locally. Also, it has introduced alternative ways of capturing images to enable effective visual storytelling on screen. Based on these findings, it recommends that Cinematographers in Ghana should continue to adhere to the conventions and observe protocols to avoid contracting the virus. Also, Cinematographers should accept the situation that we are in the new normal and should further explore current strategies in filming.

Damage Mechanism of Asphalt Concrete Pavement under Different Immersion Environments

With the construction of road infrastructure in China, the rapid development of expressways has provided great convenience for human travel and cargo transportation. Asphalt concrete pavement is widely used in highway construction because of its characteristics of good flatness, high strength, and convenient maintenance. But the water damage of asphalt concrete pavement is the main factor affecting the stability of highway subgrade and flatness of pavement, as well as the main cause of deformation and collapse of pavement. In view of the water damage problem of asphalt concrete pavement, this paper investigates the overall condition and water damage situation of asphalt concrete pavement with different immersed states and carries out indoor simulation test of asphalt concrete samples without water, dry and wet cycle, and saturated water. The quality, loss rate and Marshall stability of the samples under different times of cyclic rolling were obtained through the statistics of cyclic rolling pressure of the samples. The influencing factors of water loss, water resistance and failure forms of highway under different impregnation environments were analyzed, and the prevention measures of water loss of asphalt concrete were put forward. The test results show that the mass loss rate of the sample is water-free, dry-wet cycle, and water-saturated, and the Marshall stability of the sample is water-free, dry-wet cycle, and water-saturated from high to low. Under the action of rolling and friction forces, the fine aggregates in the asphalt concrete are worn off, which leads to the expansion of cracks on the surface of the sample and the formation of fissure network. Small holes appear on the surface of water-saturated sample, and the coarse aggregate is broken and disintegrated under pore water pressure. Traffic flow (cyclic rolling times) and immersion state have become the main factors of asphalt concrete pavement failure. This study has specific and important theoretical guiding significance for reducing and preventing water damage of asphalt concrete pavement of expressway, delaying road service life, and enhancing road safety.

Welding distortion investigation of rotary drill rig pipe with radial loading transition bars

Cylindrical drilling pipe is an essential component of the rotary drilling rig, and its fabrication accuracy will significantly affect the machine performance and service reliability. The paper investigates the fabrication distortion of drilling pipes during the welding processing. Given the effects of welding distortion induced by material heterogeneity and pipe diameters, the welding deformation of simplified drilling pipe components with a single long bar was first studied to clarify the mechanism of dimensional variation and determine the inherent strain by the Thermal Elastic-Plastic (TEP) method. The deduced inherent strain results were employed to estimate the welding distortion of complex welding drilling pipe structures. To mitigate the welding distortion of the drilling pipe, the influence of the welding sequence on the local deformation is examined in the hoop direction. Moreover, the discrepancy of distortion under each welding pass was demonstrated. Different welding strategies (rotate and symmetry) for the next welded bar are employed according to the pipe rolling action after one welding. The distortion results show an optimization welding sequence by the characteristics distribution of welding distortion.

THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE POSSIBILITY OF OPERATING AN INTERMEDIATE RAIL FASTENING OF THE KPP-5 TYPE ON PROMISING SECTIONS OF UKRAINIAN RAILWAYS, WHERE IT IS PLANNED TO INTRODUCE HIGH-SPEED TRAFFIC

The introduction of high-speed traffic in the railways of Ukraine is one of the priorityareas of development of the domestic railway industry. Foreign experience in the operation of highspeed and high-speed lines has a positive impact on the overall economic performance of thesecountries by increasing the mobility of means of production and human resources. In addition,increasing speeds requires the introduction of new types of rolling stock and railway structures withunconditional provision of the required level of safety. This is possible only through a comprehensiveapproach to these issues, both through experimental tests and theoretical calculations. This studytheoretically assessed the possibility of operating intermediate rail fasteners type KPP-5 Ukrainianproduction in areas where in the medium term, it is planned to increase speeds, i.e. to reach a levelof more than 160 km/h. To achieve this goal, multivariate calculations were performed to determinethe stress state that penetrates the elements of the railway track under the action of rolling stock.Four types of high-speed locomotives and electric trains, which have been operated on the railwaylines of the European Union for a long time, were selected as units of account in the study. For alltypes of rolling stock (locomotives and high-speed electric trains) for which calculations wereperformed, the obtained values of stresses acting in the elements of the railway track do not exceedthe allowable. That is, in terms of strength, intermediate rail fasteners type KPP-5 Ukrainianproduction can be operated in straight sections at speeds over 160 km / h with heat-treated rails typeR65 on reinforced concrete sleepers with laying diagram 1840 pcs / km with gravel ballast 40 cmthick. Analytical comparison of the level of stresses arising in the railway track elements in lines withintermediate rail fastening type KPP-5 made in Ukraine and the W30 rail fastening systemmanufactured by Vossloh showed approximately the same level of stress in the railway track elements.However, it should be noted that the above conclusions are only theoretical in nature and for thefinal determination of the possibility of operation of the intermediate rail fastening type KPP-5 inreal conditions (at speeds greater than 160 km / h) requires additional experimental studies.

Cylindrical bearing inspired oil enhanced rolling friction based nanogenerator

Friction and wear are the main factors influencing the output and lifetime of the triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this work, inspired by the cylinder roller bearing, an oil enhanced rolling friction based TENG (ORF-TENG) with high output and low friction was fabricated by using polyimide (PI) film, hexadecane, and roller of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic (ABS). Compared to the sliding friction based TENG (SF-TENG), the open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) increased by 32.1 and 8.3 times, respectively, and the friction coefficient decreased by approximately 84.9% with the maximum conversion efficiency increased by more than 263 times. The electric outputs of ORF-TENG could be modulated by the number, diameter and material of the rollers. The enhanced electric output is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the oil molecules and the rolling action of ABS rollers. The triboelectric charges could transfer from the rolled ABS cylinder to the oil molecules to further promote the in-situ generation of triboelectric charges, and thereby resulting in the increase of the surface charge density. This work has pioneered an ORF-TENG, which provides a novel solution for the coexistence of high output and ultralow friction of TENG.

Travels in Deleuzean Time: Virtual Pilgrimage, Temporal Paradox, and the Newberry and Bicester Stacions of Rome

ABSTRACT Extant in nine manuscripts, the fourteenth-century poem The Stacions of Rome is often relegated to the dustbin of pilgrimage propaganda. Turning to its presence in two understudied manuscripts, Newberry Case MS 32 and National Archives PRO SC 6/956/5 (known as the “Bicester” roll), this article proceeds from C. David Benson’s recent argument that the Stacions should be reconsidered within the larger tradition of medieval imaginative travel in order to explore the relationship between the manuscripts’ texts and material surfaces. Through the production of temporal paradox, created between the Stacions’ spatiotemporal details and the physical rolling action of manipulating the manuscripts, the Newberry and Bicester rolls offer their readers an experience of reality that moves the reader outside the step of typical human temporal understanding. This process is most legible when considered through the lens of Gilles Deleuze’s theory of bipartite time, as laid out in The Logic of Sense ([1969] 1990), and reveals valuable lessons for understanding the genre with respect to the relationship between imagined time and space. When read as tools for vicarious travel, in other words, the Newberry and Bicester Stacions demonstrate how the collision of dueling temporal orders can help to produce the effect of virtual pilgrimage.

Tribological Properties of Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Nanofiber Blended Polyvinylidene Fluoride Sheets Laminated on Steel Substrates

Nanostructured carbon dispersed polymer nanocomposites are promising materials for tribological applications. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite was prepared by chemical synthesis route. Morphology and microstructure of well-dispersed CNF and CNT in PVDF were specified by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Moreover, chemical and functional characteristics were examined by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR investigation. The friction coefficient of PVDF nanocomposite laminated on steel substrate decreased with an increase in the dispersed quantity of CNF and CNT. The friction coefficient of PVDF is approximately 0.27; however, the addition of carbon nanomaterial in PVDF will further decrease the friction coefficient between 0.24 and 0.17. This value was significantly less in CNT dispersed PVDF nanocomposite. This could be explained by easy shearing and rolling action contact interfaces.

Adaptive Underactuated Finger With Active Rolling Surface

This letter presents the design, prototype and kinematic model of a new adaptive underactuated finger with an articulated skin/surface that is able to bend and, at the same time, provides active rolling motion along its central axis while keeping the finger configuration (see Fig. 1). The design is based on a planar chain of overlapping spherical phalanxes that are tendon-driven. The finger has an articulated surface made of an external chain of hollow universal joints that can rotate via its central axis on the surface of the internal structure. The outer surface provides a second active Degree of Freedom (DoF). The two actuators, driving the bending and/or rolling motion, can be used independently. A set of experiments have been included to validate and measure the performance of the prototype for the grasping and rolling actions. The proposed finger can be built with a different number of phalanxes and sizes. A number of these fingers can be arranged along a palm structure resulting in a multi-finger robotic grasper for applications that require adaptation and in-hand manipulation capabilities such as pHRI.

Superhydrophobic Al2O3–Polymer Composite Coating for Self-Cleaning Applications

Superhydrophobic coatings have a huge impact in various applications due to their extreme water-repellent properties. The main novelty of the current research work lies in the development of cheap, stable, superhydrophobic and self-cleaning coatings with extreme water-repellency. In this work, a composite of hydrothermally synthesized alumina (Al2O3), polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and polystyrene (PS) was deposited on a glass surface by a dip-coating technique. The Al2O3 nanoparticles form a rough structure, and low-surface-energy PHMS enhances the water-repellent properties. The composite coating revealed a water contact angle (WCA) of 171 ± 2° and a sliding angle (SA) of 3°. In the chemical analysis, Al2p, Si2p, O1s, and C1s elements were detected in the XPS survey. The prepared coating showed a self-cleaning property through the rolling action of water drops. Such a type of coating could have various industrial applications in the future.

Appraisal of the human health related toxicological information available on dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) in view of assessing the substance's potential to cause endocrine disruption

Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) is an olefinic hydrocarbon which is manufactured and imported into the European Union (EU) at greater than 1000 tons per year. Concerns related to fetotoxic effects observed in reproductive toxicity studies at high doses led the REACH registrants to self-classify DCPD as a Category 2 reproductive toxicant under the EU CLP Regulation. DCPD was also reviewed in the European Union in the frame of an ongoing European Chemical Agency (ECHA) Community Rolling Action Plan (CoRAP) procedure and under the French National Strategy on Endocrine Disruptors (SNPE). To elucidate whether the developmental effects may be triggered by an endocrine mode of action, the Lower Olefins Sector Group (LOSG) of the European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) formed an ad hoc expert team to review the available scientific information pertaining to the potential endocrine activity and adversity of DCPD. Existing experimental data was complemented with structure activity modelling using ECHA-recommended (Q)SAR tools. Overall, considering the available information from (Q)SAR, mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies, no indication of endocrine-mediated adversity was found. Hence, the available evidence supports the conclusion that DCPD does not cause developmental toxicity via an endocrine mode of action. Further work is ongoing to support this conclusion.

The Deterioration Laws of Flexible Base Asphalt Pavement Performance under 1/3 Scale Accelerated Loading Test

To study the fatigue characteristics and the deterioration laws of asphalt layer under the repeated action of wheel loading, by using 1/3 proportional scale accelerated loading equipment to test the structure of graded crushed stone base asphalt pavement that was paved, tracking, monitoring and collecting the bottom strain of asphalt layer with different wheel loading times. The results show that the bottom strain of asphalt layer undergoes a change course of first compression, then tension and finally stabilization in the process of driving wheel load rolling. Under the repeated rolling action of wheel load, the change of bottom strain of asphalt layer is basically the same as that of temperature. When the asphalt layer is damaged, the bottom tensile strain curve deviates from the temperature curve with the wheel load times. The change of asphalt bottom strain and pavement temperature slope are taken as the basis to judge whether the asphalt bottom cracks or not, which is a beneficial supplement to the long-term performance observation of asphalt pavement.

Under the influence of regulations: spatio-temporal trends of the UV filter 2-Ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) in German rivers

BackgroundGlobally, 2-Ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is one of the most commonly used UV filters in sunscreen and personal care products. Due to its widespread usage, the occurrence of EHMC in the aquatic environment has frequently been documented. In the EU, EHMC is listed under the European Community Rolling Action Plan (CoRAP) as suspected to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) and as a potential endocrine disruptor. It was included in the first watch list under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) referring to a sediment PNEC of 200 µg/kg dry weight (dw). In the light of the ongoing substance evaluation to refine the environmental risk assessment, the objective of this study was to obtain spatio-temporal trends for EHMC in freshwater.We analyzed samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) retrieved from the German environmental specimen bank (ESB). The samples covered 13 sampling sites from major German rivers, including Rhine, Elbe, and Danube, and have been collected since mid-2000s.ResultsOur results show decreasing concentrations of EHMC in annual SPM samples during the studied period. In the mid-2000s, the levels for EHMC ranged between 3.3 and 72 ng/g dw. The highest burden could be found in the Rhine tributary Saar. In 2017, we observed a maximum concentration ten times lower (7.9 ng/g dw in samples from the Saar). In 62% of all samples taken in 2017, concentrations were even below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.7 ng/g dw.ConclusionsThe results indicate a general declining discharge of EHMC into German rivers within the last 15 years and correspond to the market data. Although the measured levels are below the predicted no-effect level (PNEC) in sediment, further research should identify local and seasonal level of exposure, e.g., at highly frequented bathing waters especially in lakes. In addition, possible substitutes as well as their potentially synergistic effects together with other UV filters should be investigated.

A critical assessment of the estrogenic potency of benzyl salicylate.

Benzyl salicylate (BS) is a natural ingredient of essential oils and a widely used fragrance chemical. A number of in vitro screening studies have evaluated the estrogenic potential of BS with ambiguous results. Lack of dose-response information for the positive control 17β-estradiol (E2) in most studies makes an assessment of the relative potency and efficacy challenging. Notwithstanding this difficulty, BS has been added as the only fragrance ingredient to the list of the first 14 substances to be screened as potential endocrine disruptors by the European Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) and it is included in the Community rolling action plan (CoRAP) of the European REACH regulation to be assessed for the same property. Here we review all literature evidence and present new data to quantify the in vitro potency and efficacy of BS vs. E2 with full dose response analysis in both an estrogen response element (ERE) depending reporter gene assay and in the MCF7 cell proliferation (E-screen) assay. In both assays, very similar results for BS were found. BS is a partial agonist exhibiting 35-47 % maximal efficacy and it is active only close to the cytotoxic concentration. The extrapolated concentration to achieve 50 % efficacy is 21'000'000 higher as compared to E2 in the reporter gene assay. A ca. 36'000'000 higher concentration of BS as compared to E2 is required to reach equivalent partial cell proliferation stimulation in the MCF7 proliferation assay. This potency is significantly below the agonistic activity of known chemicals which cause estrogenic effects in in vivo assays. Importantly, in this study the weak agonistic activity is for the first time directly related to the activity of E2 in a full quantitative comparison in human cell lines which may help ongoing evaluations of BS by regulatory bodies.