Role Of Private Sector Research Articles

Market-Based Solutions to Water Problems in India: Some Thoughts

Water is a good which is a necessity for human life. The policy makers of independent India who worked for preparation of a free and egalitarian society visualized provision of drinking water to all by the public bodies at minimum charges. For a long time, drinking water was scarce in India and even in many places its access was restricted to a few only. But it was never a commercial product. In India, the idea of a ‘market’ for water evolved in the post-liberalization period. It is only in the last two decades, the market for drinking water has started flourishing here and emerged as an industry. Water market has a huge potential in India with population of 130 crores. The international institutions like IMF and WTO have also favoured market-based solutions for water. According to these votaries of market, water is not a free natural resource but a private good; and market for water will decide a price for water where demand and supply will match. Thus, market-based solutions will help countries to use water resources efficiently and conserve water too. Against this backdrop, this paper has attempted to critically examine the present drinking water policy of the government of India (GOI) and its roadmap to solve the drinking water problem. In this context, we would delve into the role of private sector and the market envisaged by the policy makers. This paper has found that if the path of market-based solutions for drinking water is followed, it will increase disparities in access to drinking water in India. Universal access to safe drinking water is going to be a crucial human rights issue in future.

Technical and Vocational Education and Training and Production of Productive Work force Graduates: An Incubation Role of Private Sector; A case of selected NACTVET Colleges in Mbeya, Tanzania

This study aim at examining the effects of TVET on producing productive workforce who are graduates under the moderation role of private sector. The study was conducted following cases of large number of graduates completing from middle technical and vocational colleges to find they are not employable. To uncover this gap, the study used quantitative research approaches. While the research design was explanatory, the sampling technique was simple random sampling. From a population of 3 NACTVET colleges comprising of 3350 unit of inquiry which was students, graduates and tutors from such selected NACTVET colleges, 357 sample of respondents was deduced. Moreover data collection from the sample obtained used survey-questionnaire. Before actual data analysis, pilot survey, data cleaning and factor analysis was conducted. The actual data analysis employed structural equation modeling from which the results were:-cognitive domain attributes found to have positive and insignificant effects on producing productive work force graduate. Also TVET psychomotor domain attributes revealed to have positive but insignificant effects on producing productive work force graduates, the same results were with behavioral affective domain skills on producing productive workforce graduates. Moreover the analysis found positive and significant effects of three factors on producing productive work force graduates under the moderation role of private sector. This either suggests to education stakeholders, policy makers, curriculum developers adopt the model this study has introduced by bringing private sector in TVET programs

China beyond China, establishing a digital order with Chinese characteristics: China's growing discursive power and the Digital Silk Road

AbstractThis article examines China's discursive power, placing it in the broader context of China's increasing assertiveness in the global arena. I argue that exporting the China model farther afield is the key for China to exert its discursive power. The mechanism to do this lies in two essential and decisive auxiliaries that “flank” China's soft discursive power: technological development/innovation and the role of the Chinese private sector. Theoretically, the study adopts a tripartite framework to examine China's discursive power: power facts, shared rules, and social practices, with the help of the “affective sticking points” to analyze China's Belt and Road Initiative and Digital Silk Road discourses. Empirically, the article investigates the case of Transsion Holdings, a Chinese giant smart‐device maker in Africa, to study China's discursive influences in Africa. To conclude, I reflect on the role of the private sector and the meaning of “China beyond China.”Related ArticlesDuggan, Niall. 2020. “China—The Champion of the Developing World: A Study of China's New Development Model and its Role in Changing Global Economic Governance.” Politics & Policy 48(5): 836–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12377.Fong, Ware, and Nazmus Sakib. 2021. “A ‘Good’ Country without Democracy: Can China's Outward FDI Buy a Positive State Image Overseas?” Politics & Policy 49(5): 1146–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12428.Zeng, Jinghan, Tim Stevens, and Yaru Chen. 2017. “China's Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of ‘Internet Sovereignty.” Politics & Policy 45(3): 432–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12202.

Türk Savunma Sanayisinin Dönüşümünün Türk Dış Politikasına Etkileri

Türkiye aims to attain self-sufficiency with the transformation of its defense industry by state-centered and private sector investments as collaboration in the last decade. This paper presents new evidence on the effects of Turkish defense industry’s transformation on Turkish foreign policy by analysing the role of private defense sectors collaborated with the state institutions that are innovative and competitive as in today’s global environment. The main purpose of the article is to verify the claim that the developed, nationalized and localized Turkish defense industry is instrumental in taking more confident steps in Turkish foreign policy. Türkiye has been in a defense transformation since the early 2000s by focusing on a self-reliant and techno-nationalist model by allocating national security resources with the awareness of today’s world conflicts on energy, defense, security, and the experience of Cyprus crisis of 1974 and the ongoing fight against terrorism in a historical perspective. This geopolitical and strategic status of Türkiye and the resilience of Turkish defense industry have also emerged opportunities and challenges for Turkish foreign policy. Furthermore, it is observed that the transformation of Turkish defense industry has presented political and economic commitments for the future. The paper also sheds light on Türkiye’s allocation national resources and collaboration with especially private sector in the transformation process. As a result, in this article, it is concluded that Türkiye's increasing its military presence beyond its borders by exporting national weapons, active operations, military bases and peacekeeping missions means that it has adopted an active and assertive foreign policy. Qualitative research method has been used to reach this result together with primary and secondary sources. Information has been obtained directly from the websites of companies such as Roketsan, Havelsan, Baykar technology, STM, BMC. The defense article of İsmail Demir, President of the National Defense Industry of Türkiye, and the studies of researchers who wrote academic articles about the Turkish defense industry such as Sezgin, Seren, Adar, Yeşiltaş, Sekine, Öniş and Sakman have been referred. Apart from these, the DefeseNews website, which provides annual updated lists of the world's most powerful defense companies, has laso been used.

The Role of Institutional Design and Enabling Environmental: Collaborative Governance of a Pilgrimage Tourism, Indonesia

This article discusses the role of stakeholders from the descendants of Kings, who collaborated with the government and private sectors in managing of the pilgrimage tourism heritage site of the tomb of the Kings of Asta Tinggi, in Sumenep district. The purpose of this study was to investigate the various factors that influence stakeholder collaborations in the management of sustainable pilgrimage tourism and which stakeholder groups have a sustained traditional of authority. This qualitative research uses a case study approach and data collection through in-depth unstructured interviews and observations. This study seeks to take a new perspective in the analysis of the collaborative governance theory in the face of the social environment factor. The study results show that stakeholders, facilitative leadership, and enabling environmental factors become resources and strengths in the success of collaborative governance even though the role of private and government sectors are still limited. The findings reveal that stakeholders from the community, namely the traditional group as a companion of pilgrims, have an important role in collaboration, because they can only be replaced by the descendants, while the collaborative initiation comes from the community. We suggest the importance of government initiation to expand collaboration networks and facilitate the formation of the institutional administrator of Asta Tinggi site, through reconciliation which represents two descendants of Kings. The findings of this study are expected to enrich the theory of collaborative governance.

Conceptually Related Smart Cities Services from the Perspectives of Governance and Sociotechnical Systems in Europe

The absence of a comprehensive smart city governance model has prompted research into the characteristics of the relationships among cities, services, and stakeholders. This study aims to identify, from the perspectives of governance and sociotechnical systems, the characteristics of conceptually related smart city service implementations based on stakeholder partnerships. Social network analysis was utilized based on existing research datasets. Stakeholders, services, and representative European sustainable smart cities were included in the dataset in relation to this study’s operational definition. The first finding is that the initial conceptually related smart city services are reflected in the accumulated and current characteristics of the smart city services. These depend on stakeholder partnerships, while the network foundation differs between the initial and latter services. The second finding clarifies how different development services depend on stakeholder partnerships and how multiple stakeholders, including local entities, are vital to deal with current challenges in massive urbanizations. The third finding demonstrates the emerging roles of private sectors and some intermediate services in the global network of cities. This study contributes to the management of smart cities by identifying how service development occurs based on stakeholder partnerships and contributes to their theoretical basis by empirically demonstrating the importance of multi-stakeholder partnerships to address current urbanization challenges.

The seed sector development in low-income countries: Lessons from the Malawi seed sector policy process

IntroductionExternal conditionalities have shaped public policy development in borrowing nations. This has been through top-down policy support programs, an example being the policy reforms under the structural adjustment program. Under the seed sector reforms Malawi committed to the Southern Africa Development Community and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa harmonized seed regulations technical agreements.MethodsTo contribute to the debate, we analyzed the Malawi seed sector policy process by investigating three questions: What were the leading events? Who were the stakeholders involved, and their roles? Which factors influenced the policy process? Qualitative tools were employed based on policy process theory using the Kaleidoscope Model. We used stakeholder inception, planning, feedback workshops, and key informant interviews (N = 17). This data was complemented by grey literature as secondary information. Snowball sampling was used to identify key informant interview participants based on the saturation principle. Narrative analysis focusing on content, structure, and dialogic context was used.ResultsOur results show a strong external influence on the seed sector policy process. This began after independence when development partners supported the establishment of the public agricultural research system to improve production for food security and export. Failure to achieve the earlier objectives resulted in economic reforms aimed at private sector-led seed sector development based on market-oriented policies. The increase in the private sector's role called for adopting and enacting regulatory policies and legislation that used policy transfer theory. International financial institutions, multinational companies, and regional economic communities led this process. Our evidence suggests that the civil society community in Malawi contested the policies for not recognizing farmers' rights. This affected the domestication process of the harmonized seed regulations technical agreements.DiscussionTherefore, we recommend critical consideration and embracing of existing domestic social, political, and technical conditions to support economic policy reforms. This would help reduce unintended consequences and improve inclusivity. Governments may need to play an interlocutory role for the various actors in the policy domain during the domestication process.

Evaluation of frameworks demonstrating the role of private sector in non-communicable disease management and control: a systematic review and thematic synthesis

ObjectivesConduct a systematic review of existing frameworks to understand the for-profit private sector’s roles in non-communicable disease (NCD) control and management. Control includes population-level control measures that prevent NCDs and...

The private sector's role in and contribution to the Pacific Alliance, 2012–2021

AbstractThe Pacific Alliance deviates from other Latin American integration agreements due to its close association between governments and the private sector. Analysts have assessed the agreement as a pragmatic experience of regional integration to facilitate the free movement of production factors, a “tail moves dog” project, or an example of deep integration to diffuse liberal normative principles. This article analyzes the Pacific Alliance Business Council discourse to identify how the private sector perceives its role in the agreement and expresses it in the group's external negotiations, for example, Pacific Alliance–Mercosur, before contrasting its self‐defined role with those assumed by interpretations in the literature. We argue that the private sector sees its role as multifaceted, and this self‐perception escapes the limits of normative deep integration notions, allowing business to adapt to changes in internal and external factors. Business self‐perception contributes to enhance Pacific Alliance pragmatism and the application of an inductive micro‐negotiation methodology, but transversality may also influence the Business Council to support normative issues.

Organizational readiness for policy implementation: An assessment of the harmonized seed regulations in Malawi

ContextEconomic policy reforms have been implemented in African countries where studies have reported an implementation deficit resulting in poor service provision. The seed industry is one of the sectors that has undergone reforms in Malawi. This has happened through Malawi's ratification of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and the Southern Africa Development Community technical agreements on harmonized seed regulations. Whose objective is to streamline member states' laws in variety release and registration, certification and quality assurance, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures. Malawi launched the National Seed Policy in 2018 after domesticating the technical agreements in readiness for implementation. ObjectiveBased on this, we evaluated the organizational readiness to implement the harmonized seed regulation in Malawi using an Analysis of Determinants of Policy Impact (ADEPT). ADEPT analyses policy implementation using four determinants: goals, obligations, opportunities, and resources through a provision of a detailed policy operationalization for both quantitative and qualitative usage. MethodsQuantitative and qualitative tools were used for organizational key informant interviews (N = 18) to collect data. This was followed by six focus group discussions with seed multiplication farmer groups. Snowball sampling was used for KII organizations, and farmer groups were purposively identified. Descriptive analysis was done for quantitative data in SPSS, and interpretive analysis in NVIVO 11 was done for qualitative data. Results and conclusionThe organizations reported that goals and increased private sector participation and interest positively influenced the policy process. However, they felt that obligations, opportunities, and resources negatively affected implementation. Seventy percent of the organizations said lack of infrastructure and human resources affected implementation, and 85% linked this to a lack of both political will and media support. All farmer groups reported being peripheral to the process despite being affected by poor service provision and limited participation in the value chain. The results show that the expanding private sector role in the seed value chain required equal institutional development and investment for adequate service provision and enforcement of the new policies. SignificanceWe propose a bridged transition under policy reforms to reduce unintended consequences and achieve inclusivity. In the seed sector, this may be achieved through the support for quality declared seed, a less stringent class, to accommodate existing farmer seed systems.

Environment-Friendly Cotton Production through Implementing Integrated Pest Management Approach

Tremendous increases in pesticide use in cotton growing areas have severely affected the health of peoples and degraded environment [Poswal and Williamson (1998); Ahmad and Poswal (2000); Orphal 2001 and Khan (2000)]. Farmer Field School (FFS) based IPM implemented in the world to reduce dependence on pesticides and promote environmentally safe plant protection practices. An FFS-led Integrated Pest Management (IMP) model implemented in Pakistan during 1996—popularly known as “Vehari Model”, clearly demonstrated that IPM could be implemented on a large scale at the farm level. UNDP-FAO Policy Reform Project provided required policy level support to scale up the Farmer-led IPM in the country. Implementation of pesticide policy project in Pakistan highlighted that pesticide consumption increased from 665 metric tons in 1980 to 78,132 metric tons in 2003-4. The role of private sector in promoting the production and use of pesticides was found tremendously high. The private sector also took full advantage of government’s pesticide import liberalisation policies. One of the key components of dramatic increase in pesticide use in Pakistan is related to very soft import and registration at that time, which allowed the generic compounds registered elsewhere, to be imported without fieldtesting.

The Role of Private Sector to Support Special Region of Yogyakarta’s Craft Product Export to the Global Market

As international trade flows, businesses aim to expand their market to the global market. One of Indonesia’s flagship industries in trade is the creative industry, in which handicrafts are produced. Handicrafts have been Yogyakarta’s (officially, the Special Region of Yogyakarta) featured product for export. The government has tried many efforts to increase the chance of accessing the global market with the handicrafts, such as holding exhibitions and building capacity for the craftsmen. Not only the government but also the private sectors are supporting the effort. This study aims to visualize and analyze the role of the private sector in improving the local and global craft markets. We conducted interviews from May to October 2022 with Yogyakarta’s government and private sectors to obtain primary data. We also used document analysis to supplement the interviews' analysis. Results show that the role of the private sector, both when working independently and in partnership with the government, is important in supporting the export of Yogyakarta’s craft products. However, the study also found that there are some challenges that need to be solved to optimize the private sector’s role. Therefore, future studies can be focused on private sector strategies for addressing challenges in export activities.

Technical and Vocational Education and Training and Production of Productive Workforce Graduates: An Incubation Role of Private Sector; A case of selected NACTVET Colleges in Mbeya, Tanzania

This study examines the effects of TVET on producing a productive workforce who are graduates under the moderation role of the private sector. The study was conducted following cases of many graduates completing middle technical and vocational colleges to find they are not employable. To uncover this gap, the study used quantitative research approaches. While the research design was explanatory, the sampling technique was simple random sampling. From a population of 3 NACTVET colleges comprising 3350 units of inquiry, including students, graduates, and tutors from such selected NACTVET colleges, 357 respondents were deduced. Data collection from the sample obtained used a survey questionnaire. Before actual data analysis, a pilot survey, data cleaning, and factor analysis were conducted. Structural equation modeling was used in the actual data analysis. It gives that result Cognitive domain attributes were found to have a positive and insignificant effect on producing a productive workforce of graduates. Also, TVET psychomotor domain attributes were revealed to have positive but insignificant effects on producing productive workforce graduates, and the same results were with behavioral, affective domain skills on producing productive workforce graduates. Moreover, the analysis found positive and significant effects of three factors on producing productive workforce graduates under the moderation role of the private sector. This either suggests to education stakeholders, policymakers, and curriculum developers to adopt the model this study has introduced by bringing the private sector into TVET programs.

A Systemic Review of System of Rice Intensification Journey and System of Crop Intensification Development in the Rice Sector of Viet Nam

Started in Viet Nam in 2003 and was piloted in small areas via the demonstration fields in four provinces in northern Viet Nam, Systematic Rice Intensification (SRI) has proven its agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits and thus has been promoted widely in Viet Nam for almost two decades to almost 50 rice production landscapes that helped to improve livelihood for more than one million of smallholder farmers; reduced water irrigation by 40%; production cost of 32% and increased yield by 13-29% as compared to the conventional practices during the period of 2010- 2015. Viet Nam has been recognized as the world’s third largest rice exporter (Department Crop Production of Vietnam, 2021), given almost 80% of agricultural land for rice cultivation (IRRI Online) and mobilization of advanced farming practices among other efforts. Overtime, key principles of SRI have been further developed and refined to be ecological-based suitable and enhance multi-dimensions efficacy. Mobilizing the combination of both literature review and primary data, this paper reviews the key milestones and results of SRI over the past two decades in VN; and makes a systematic review of the transition from SRI to System Crop Intensification (SCI) that are more relevant and pragmatic to the rice farming practices in different eco-systems and market needs in Viet Nam. A case study of the AgResults Vietnam Emissions Reduction Challenges Project (AVERP) showcases the sophisticated and innovative development of key principles of SRI to ecological and market-based SCI for sustainable and low carbon rice cultivation as well as the readiness of the roles of private sector in technology transferring and scaling those SCI to almost 48,000 smallholder rice farmers of 89 Co-ops over four (04) cropping season in Thai Binh province of Viet Nam.

Green Finance and Sustainable Development Goals in post covid era – With special reference to India.

The paper addresses and delves into the importance of green finance in achieving the sustainable development goal (SDGs) in this decade of action. This paper focuses on the concerns of green finance post Covid-19 and the challenges which India faces in accomplishing its 2030 agenda. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have already highlighted the importance of green finance in realizing SDGs. Research has recognised the role of finance in achieving the SDGs is indisputable, but few studies analyse the role of green finance in addressing this issue. This paper is an attempt to fill the research gap by examining the link between the green finance and SDGs considering the impact of the pandemic. The paper examines the initiatives in green finance in India and also the challenges faced. The paper identifies the role of both public and private sector in the advancement of green finance. This paper holds a great deal of practical implications and policy recommendations to public and private sector, banks, government, green investors and policy makers

Development of the Social Security in Vietnam: Reality and Solutions

The development of the social security system is to show the progress of each country, each state, and on a worldwide scale. Therefore, at present, every government in the world is trying to build and implement a basic human social security system through its specific policy system, contributing to building a progressive society, towards the values of truth, goodness, beauty, and sustainable development. In the process of international integration, Vietnam has built a synchronous social security system, especially policies on job creation, minimum income guarantees for people; social insurance to compensate for the reduced income in case of illness, labor accident, old age; irregular and regular social assistance; providing basic social services in terms of health, education, preferential policies for people with meritorious services, etc. These are pioneering achievements in the implementation of Vietnam's Millennium Development Goals, which have been recognized and praised by the United Nations. However, the current social security system in Vietnam has not yet met the needs of society as policies have been promulgated a lot, but are not synchronized, and have not reached the hands of those who need support when implementing them declared in fact. The quality of public services is still low, and security measures to overcome difficulties in unusual conditions, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, are still delayed and have not yet ensured fairness, inclusiveness, and sustainability. The social security system in the new situation needs to clearly define development goals for the people, attach importance to social inclusion, and fundamentally change the perception of the position and role of communities, businesses, and regions' private sector in the pillars of well-being, reducing the burden of state subsidies and deepening international integration.
 
 Received: 19 July 2022 / Accepted: 25 August 2022 / Published: 2 September 2022

Determinan Pembangunan Manusia Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

The background of this research is the inequality of human development in regencies/cities in 2008 to 2012. Thus, the purpose of this research is to analyze the factors influencing of human development as well as the role of local governments and private sectors towards human development in regencies/cities. The method of analysis used is Data Panel Regression with Fixed Effect approach using Eviews 6.0 application. The result of this research show that human development influenced by poverty, Gini index, private investment, open unemployment, economic growth, expenditure of education function and expenditure of health function. Private investment, expenditure of education function and expenditure of health function have a positive significant. Poverty, Gini index, open unemployment and economic growth have a negative significant. The role of local government through expenditure of education function is very large. The role of local government through expenditure of health function has not been too immense. The private sector's role through private investment is quite large.

A multi-stakeholder participatory pilot study of the data demands of the future Ethiopian dairy sector.

Background: This paper describes a pilot study undertaken in 2018, to determine the key data needs of each of the different Ethiopian dairy sector stakeholder groups. The study aimed to characterise the emerging trends of dairy product production, processing, retailing and consumption in Ethiopia, and to identify and characterise current and future data needs of different stakeholders. Methods: The study undertook a mapping of the interactions between different stakeholders in the dairy sector, and an interactive evaluation of the institutional data repository and access options. Focus group discussions and interviews were held in three regions of the country prior to a two-day workshop in the capital Addis Ababa. Data needs were characterised by type, availability, format, level of detail, methods of dissemination, uptake and use, and the institutional arrangement, including the different roles of public and private sectors in decision making processes. Results: The study highlighted the main data needs and identified several broader institutional issues constraining the further development of the Ethiopian dairy sector. The stakeholder groups endorsed the reactivation of a national dairy board, independent of government but closely incorporating government, and with the buy-in and membership of private sector enterprises, including producers, processers, service providers and consumers, to provide clearer facilitative leadership on the dairy industry. Conclusions: The study workshop provided a timely discussion between diverse stakeholders, including government, and several potential organisations were suggested to host and manage a national dairy database. Importantly, the reactivation of a national dairy board was strongly endorsed. It was recommended that stakeholder links be established, sector-specific data needs be elevated to higher detail, and a national roll out of herd-specific data recording schemes was called for, to allow for effective evidence-based policies and decision making.

Bridging the divide on climate solutions: Development, implementation, and evaluation of an online workshop for climate volunteers

A critical component to addressing climate change is effective communication with the public and legislators about urgency for action. Health professionals have a vital role to play in climate advocacy. However, several key barriers to public advocacy have been identified, including limited communication skills to effectively advocate with others. We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a novel online workshop, whose goal is to teach volunteers to communicate more effectively on climate change with those holding differing views regarding potential solutions (e.g., role of government vs. private sector). The development phase included seeking input from multiple stakeholders about the workshop's focus and creating specific examples and prompts. The workshop was then pilot-tested, and refinements were made based on evaluations. Volunteers within a climate organization then took the workshop and evaluations were collected. Evaluations from 312 attendees were analyzed, including 14% in healthcare-related fields. On a 10-point scale (10 being highest), volunteers reporting a median score of 8 in their confidence level for setting a constructive tone in conversations with people holding differing views on climate solutions. Qualitative analysis of participants’ responses “Single most important learning?”, “What was most important to share?”, and “What would you like to see changed?” by two independent observers supported almost perfect agreement (kappa of 0.88) in themes that included Learning New Skills, Developing New Ways of Being, Format, and Additional Training/Suggested Enhancements. Our workshop increased participant confidence in having conversations on climate change solutions, an important part of climate advocacy.

The role of Private Sector in Development of Afghanistan

The following research is based on the role of private sector in the development of Afghanistan. Research starts with the introductory section where the researcher has provided the background of the country along with the background of the business economy of the nation. Research aims objectives and the questions have been provided in this chapter which helps the readers to get a clear understanding of the purpose of the research. Another important addition in this chapter is the structure of the total study where researcher provides the detailed description about the contents of the research. The role of NATO and the top superpowers in the current economical and geopolitical situation in the country has been one of the major milestones in the present and future of the country. The following milestones have helped in the development of the infrastructure and rules of the country. The research questions set up in the research have all pointed directly to the topic that is based on the role the private sector industry plays in the development of the country and also the major outcomes of the developmental process. The review of the literature has concentrated on the works of the authors who have vastly written and discussed on the following sector of the country. The literary review has identified the major problems regarding the same and has also pointed out to the different types of the factors that lead to the current problems. These problems have been the major cause for the negative growth of the business organizations in the country. The methods used in the dissertation have been justified as well as explained. The use of the positivism philosophy and descriptive techniques research design along with the selection of the secondary research has been helpful for the research. The use of the theme based study has been used to get a detailed qualitative review of the following topic. The research has a wide scope and great approach just because it has presented a number of recommendations which has been a major success factor for the research.