Role Of Orientation Research Articles

Research on Teachers' Role Orientation and Strategies in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Research on Teachers' Role Orientation and Strategies in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Impact of Postsecondary Education on Police Officers’ Selective Law Enforcement Attitudes: Does the Choice of Academic Major Matter?

With the increasing challenges in policing, selective law enforcement, a flexible policing strategy, is widely considered an effective way of maintaining law and order. Officers with favorable attitudes towards selective enforcement commonly use discretion to prioritize responses based on the seriousness of offenders and offenses and to balance their roles of law enforcement, service calls, and maintenance of order. However, as the calls for police officers to pursue higher education continue to gain momentum, it is not known whether college experience, particularly the choice of academic major, influences police officer attitudes toward selective enforcement. Using qualitative data from regular police officers in Murang’a County, a peri-urban county in Kenya, we sought to determine the influence of college academic majors on police officers’ selective law enforcement attitudes. We relied on socialization theory and used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The sample size was 95 police officers with postsecondary experience, selected randomly. We collected data using self-administered structured questionnaires and conducted inferential analysis using SPSS version 22. We established that officers’ academic major has no statistically significant relationship with their selective law enforcement attitudes. We concluded that there is little evidence that what a police officer studies in college affects their role orientation. The study recommends that encouraging police officers to pursue higher education in general will increase their attitudes towards selective law enforcement. Limitations and suggestions for future studies have been discussed.

A Study on Role Orientation and Professional Development of Early Childhood Teachers in Preschool Education in the Context of Big Data

Abstract This research delves into how early childhood teachers’ understanding of their roles impacts their professional advancement, essential for developing and nurturing children. We gathered data from six kindergartens in G city, employing a multiple linear regression model to scrutinize factors influencing this relationship. Our approach involved separate hypothesis formulation and model building, complemented by validity checks via endogeneity and robustness tests using advanced statistical methods. The analysis highlighted the importance of teachers’ emotional connection to their work, with a notable regression coefficient of 0.403. It demonstrated that enhancing core literacy by 1% leads to a 0.154% increase in professional development levels. The findings advocate focusing on emotional engagement and core skills to foster excellence in early childhood education.

The Role Orientation of High-Level Athletes in the Construction of Campus Sports Culture Under the Theory of Peer Effect

The Role Orientation of High-Level Athletes in the Construction of Campus Sports Culture Under the Theory of Peer Effect

Role of yogic practice influence the psychological factors in the development of women sports

The involvement of women in sports in India is generally low owing to a dearth of spectator interest and inadequate coverage of women's sports. Factors such as women's limited access to education, societal perceptions of women in sports, self-esteem, self-confidence, menstruation abnormalities, self-image or body image, gender role orientation, and competitiveness should all be taken into account. Yoga is sometimes seen as not being a sport, although it is really a physical exercise that follows rules, can be done competitively, and has measurable outcomes. Multiple reasons contribute to the low engagement of women in sports throughout society. Family has a profound impact, often initiating early engagement in sports, although this differs according to gender. Female participation in sports is often seen unfavorably. Societal attitudes and biases are another factor that impacts sports participation. For instance, many girls refrain from engaging in certain hobbies out of concern that they would be seen as masculine. This is because societal attitudes and biases about sexuality hinder females from participating. Female athletes possess psychological traits that include gender role orientation in several sports, including wrestling, weight lifting, and bodybuilding. These activities have traditionally been deemed unsuitable for women due to the possible adverse consequences of masculinization. Intensive training contributes to the improvement of self-esteem, self-image, and body image. Engaging in athletic activities also aids in the promotion of positive body image. It enhances body contour and promotes a harmonious physique, thereby enhancing self-perception. Yoga enhances strength, flexibility, and balance, all of which are vital for athletes. The majority of yoga postures are essential for enhancing strength, improving the range of motion, mobility, and coordination in athletic performance, as well as preventing injuries

主体性教育视阈下的教科书角色定位

主体性教育视阈下的教科书角色定位

Follower role orientation and its interaction with organisational climate in generating leader outcomes

Follower role orientation and its interaction with organisational climate in generating leader outcomes

Follower role orientation and its interaction with organisational climate in generating leader outcomes

Follower role orientation and its interaction with organisational climate in generating leader outcomes

Fictive home: the politics of urban homemaking of <em>Hijras</em> in Khulna, Bangladesh

The third gender is an identity-based category for people who do not identify themselves as either male or female. This may include people who do not feel the male or female gender roles that their culture dictates in terms of social, sexual, or gender role preference. The aim of the paper is to investigate the crucial role that the dwelling environments play in the lives of the third gender and their ultimate transformation into and stigmatization as a Hijra. In a context characterized by a lack of social acceptance of the third gender people into mainstream activities, and in the near absence of Government (and NGO) support, particularly toward their rehabilitation and resettlement, the third gender population commonly engages in ‘anti-social’ activities in order to ensure a livelihood. A significant portion of these activities, which can also be viewed as different forms of resistance-mostly absent and ritualistic, however, take place within the confines of their urban dwelling. An investigation into their family structure and household spatial implication, organization of house spaces according to their own notion of publicness-privateness, spatial sequencing, layering and hierarchy, formal articulation of houses and their setting/location to the larger urban fabric hence speak of an apparently novel culture of an undesirable community, where such novelties, as this paper argues, degrade their identity into that of a ‘socially excluded’ Hijra. Such identification and understanding of the negative socio-political-spatial products/processes of Hijra homes hence are expected to provide important feedback to policymaking on devising sustainable ways to construct a positive identity for the so-called ‘Hijra’ population and aid through possible spatial-physical intervention (e.g. housing).

Research on Role Orientation and Situation Construction of Contextualized Music Performance in the Background of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract In this paper, the Skip-gram model is used to process the main melody information of contextualized music, combining feature extraction and Schenkel analysis to extract the main melody note sets and vectors. By applying the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to the audio signal, the spectral center of mass and irregularities can be calculated to represent the emotional features of the music. To obtain music features based on wavelet coefficients, the music signal is decomposed, and each scale’s signal features are counted individually. Finally, by taking the musical elements as independent variables and the perceived results of pleasure and activation in the contextual model as dependent variables, we compared the variability of the dynamic associations between emotional perceptions and the musical elements among different contextualized music pieces. The results showed that the overall differences in emotional cognition across musical performances ranged between ±0.5, with the mean short-term energy amplitude of relatively cheerful music ranging between ±0.2, which was smaller than that of angry (±0.3) and sad (±0.5) music. In this study, musical works were accurately characterized, and their expressive and infectious power was effectively enhanced through contextual construction.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Proactive-Safety Role Orientation questionnaire (PRO-SAFE)

BackgroundParticipation and initiative of workers are effective in promoting safety in the workplace. Proactive-Safety Role Orientation questionnaire (PRO-SAFE) is a proper tool to evaluate the psychological drivers that support the proactive orientation of individuals toward workplace safety. This study was conducted to translate and measure the psychometric properties of the Persian version of PRO-SAFE.MethodsThe PRO-SAFE was translated into Persian using procedures for translation and cross-cultural adaptation. To collect data, 252 employees of a steel complex were selected. To measure the validity of the questionnaire, face, content, convergent, and construct validity was utilized. The questionnaire’s reliability was evaluated by assessing its internal consistency.ResultsThe mean of the content validity index and content validity ratio was equal to 0.83 and 0.85, respectively. We found a positive correlation between PRO-SAFE and safety behavior dimensions (r = 0.372 to 0.792, P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed the Persian version of the PRO-SAFE questionnaire had an excellent six-factor model consistent with the original questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha of the Persian version of the PRO-SAFE questionnaire was obtained between 0.717 to 0.880.ConclusionsThe Persian version of the PRO-SAFE questionnaire was found to have appropriate psychometric properties, indicating that it can be confidently used as a valid tool for assessing proactive role orientation toward safety management among Iranian employees.

Woman's work: The moderating effects of gender role orientations between the relationships of work-family conflict with voluntary turnover and being valued by one's spouse.

Gender role attitudes determine the importance of work-family domains to individuals and how they are influenced by work-family conflict (WFC). In this study, we draw on gender role and social role theories to hypothesize that working mothers' gender role perceptions moderate the relationships between WFC and two outcomes: voluntary turnover (work domain) and feeling valued by one's spouse (family domain). We tested our hypotheses with 14-month time-lagged survey data from 731 working mothers in Japan. The results of our regression analyses suggest that working mothers scoring high on WFC and egalitarian gender roles have a lower propensity to voluntary turnover and a higher propensity to feel valued by their spouses than working mothers low on WFC and egalitarian gender roles. Our study highlights the importance of considering within-gender differences in research on WFC and moderating effects of gender role attitudes between WFC and outcomes in work and family domains.

The antecedents of employees' proactive information security behaviour: The perspective of proactive motivation

AbstractOrganisational information security (ISec) protection is undergoing a turbulent shift in the workplace environment. In an environment of ever‐increasing risks of insider threats and external cyberattacks, individual employees are often expected to take the initiative to solve organisational security problems. This study therefore focuses on employees' proactive information security behaviours (ISBs)—behaviours that are self‐initiated, change‐oriented, and future‐focused—and the motivations that compel employees to protect organisational assets. We ground our study in Parker et al. (2010) proactive motivation theory (ProMT) and develop an integrated multilevel model to examine the respective effects of proactive motivational states, that is, can‐do, reason‐to, and energised‐to motivations, on employees' proactive ISBs. We also explore the roles of individual differences and contextual factors—namely, proactive personality and supervisory ISec support—and their influences on proactive motivational states. Data were collected from 210 employees situated in 55 departments distributed among multiple organisations located in China. The results show that supervisory ISec support positively influences employees' proactive motivational states and thereby boosts employees' proactive ISBs. Proactive personality negatively moderates the effect of supervisory ISec support on flexible security role orientation (reason‐to motivation). By identifying the antecedents of employees' proactive ISBs, we make key theoretical contributions to ISec research and valuable practical contributions to organisational ISec management.

Zusammenhänge von Burnout, Geschlechtsidentität und Geschlecht

ZusammenfassungIn vorhergehenden Studien wurden Zusammenhänge der Passung in Feminität und Maskulinität zwischen Person und Arbeitsumwelt mit Burnout aufgedeckt. Es wird geprüft, ob diese eine Erklärung für gewöhnlich höhere Burnout-Werte bei Frauen liefern können.In einer Querschnittsstudie mit 889 Personen (nicht-repräsentative selbstselektive Stichprobe) – 516 Frauen (58 %), 373 Männer (42 %) im Alter 19–70 Jahren (M = 29,86; S = 7,67), wurde Geschlechtstypizitätsskala (GTS+) zur Messung von Feminität und Maskulinität als Merkmale der Persönlichkeit und Arbeitsumgebung eingesetzt. Darauf aufbauend wurden die Teilnehmenden in vier Gruppen eingeteilt, in denen Geschlechtsgruppen-Anteile sowie Burnout-Werte (erhoben mit DearEmployee-Survey) verglichen wurden.Der Anteil der Frauen sowie Burnout-Werte waren in der Gruppe mit der schlechtesten Person-Umwelt-Passung erwartungsgemäß am höchsten. In der Gruppe mit theoriegeleitet den besten Ressourcen (hohe Feminität und Maskulinität) lagen keine Geschlechtseffekte auf Burnout vor. Es konnten hier jedoch nicht die niedrigsten Burnout-Werte nachgewiesen werden.P‑E Fit in Feminität und Maskulinität kann eine Erklärung für höhere Burnout-Werte bei Frauen liefern und ist möglicherweise besser geeignet, um Burnout zu untersuchen als Geschlecht.Praktische Relevanz: Seit 2012 sind die Arbeitsunfähigkeitstage in Deutschland aufgrund von Burnout um mehr als 50 % gestiegen. Frauen berichten stets höhere Burnout-Werte und sind aufgrund von Burnout doppelt so lang krankgeschrieben wie Männer (Meyer et al. 2022).

Preservice Physical Education Teachers’ Resistance to Change: The Importance of Occupational Socialization Experiences

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate preservice Physical Education (PE) teachers’ resistance to change during their school practicum based on their occupational orientation profiles (between-subject factors: type of sport experience and role orientation in teaching) after controlling their self-esteem. (2) Methods: 235 preservice PE teachers (male = 118), undergraduate students at the University of Athens, Greece, completed the resistance to change scale and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale online. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to establish the between-subject factor differences in the four dimensions of the resistance to change scale. (3) Results: The results showed that the preservice PE teachers with experience in individual sports reported higher levels of emotional response during practicum compared to those involved in team sports. No other differences proved statistically significant. The results of the present study should be used as a point of reference for shaping the discussion about the concept of resistance to change in teacher education programs.

Role Preferences in Medical Decision Making: Relevance and Implications for Health Preference Research.

Health preference research (HPR) is being increasingly conducted to better understand patient preferences for medical decisions. However, patients vary in their desire to play an active role in medical decisions. Until now, few studies have considered patients' preferred roles in decision making. In this opinion paper, we advocate for HPR researchers to assess and account for role preferences in their studies, to increase the relevance of their work for medical and shared decision making. We provide recommendations on how role preferences can be elicited and integrated with health preferences: (1) in formative research prior to a health preference study that aims to inform medical decisions or decision makers, (2a) in the development of health preference instruments, for instance by incorporating a role preference instrument and (2b) by clarifying the respondent's role in the decision prior to the preference elicitation task or by including role preferences as an attribute in the task itself, and (3) in statistical analysis by including random parameters or latent classes to raise awareness of heterogeneity in role preferences and how it relates to health preferences. Finally, we suggest redefining the decision process as a model that integrates the role and health preferences of the different parties that are involved. We believe that the field of HPR would benefit from learning more about the extent to which role preferences relate to health preferences, within the context of medical and shared decision making.

Representation and Legislative Roles in Congress: Evidence from the 1950s

Classic and contemporary research assumes legislators subjectively adopt a role orientation. This role indicates the degree to which they attempt to provide delegate representation for their constituents with the policies they support. Existing research, however, is divided on the causes that influence the choice between a relatively delegate or trustee role. I hypothesize that district heterogeneity affects this choice. Using data from the American Representation Study in the 1950s, I assess how a U.S. representative’s selection of a delegate or trustee role is affected by district heterogeneity. The findings indicate that greater ideological heterogeneity generally increases the likelihood of delegate representation, depending on a legislator’s electoral marginality. Greater partisan heterogeneity usually decreases the likelihood of delegate representation, except among electorally marginal legislators. I also find that marginality, seniority, and party affect legislators’ role choices, providing evidence that in some ways Congress has remained the same over time.

Конгруэнтная и неконгруэнтная Я-концепция студентов при разных типах коммуникации

The purpose of the article is to identify the influence of the stability of the self-concept and different types of communication on the communicative tactics of interpersonal interaction, represented in the speech act. The hypothesis states that incongruence/congruence of self-concept determines the choice of speech act of the person in the process of cognition; the type of self-concept system that affects relationships with people is reflected in the speech act. Speech act, according to the concept of contextual education, is a unit of communication, the basis of activity and social interaction. The article presents the results of empirical research, in which 333 first-year students of two universities of Yekaterinburg participated. J. Kelly's repertory grid technique was used in the study. Personality constructs, which are obtained in the study, are constructed on the basis of bipolar differences. Personal constructs allowed us to identify the type of communication that affects the relationship with people; they allow us to evaluate the self-concept of first-year university students; self-esteem, assessment of significant others, real self and ideal self-presented in the constructs give an idea of the stability of the self-concept and the presence of cognitive conflicts caused by personal characteristics. Based on the analysis of role preferences in repertoire lattices and the distribution of the real self and the ideal self by type of communication, the levels of stability of the self-concept and the basic characteristics of a speech act are described, such as the nature of one’s own message, the correspondence of what is communicated and what is experienced, one’s position and role in communication, type of speech behavior, giving another person a role in communication. Theoretical significance – a tool is proposed for determining the level of stability of the self-concept, which, in unity with the type of communication, influences the nature of the speech act of a first-year student. Practical significance – determining the individual characteristics of a speech act will allow us to identify the level of formation of self-awareness of the subject of cognition, which will contribute to the creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions aimed at identifying the adaptive potential of first-year students at the initial stage of professionalization (initiation).

Efficacy of midwife-led role orientation of birth companions on maternal satisfaction and birth outcomes: a randomized control trial in Uganda

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends birth companionship for all women in labor. There is insufficient evidence on birth companionship in low-income settings and it is not clear if role orientation impacts effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of midwife-led role orientation of birth companions of on maternal satisfaction and birth outcomes in a sub-region in Uganda.MethodsA stepped wedge cluster randomized trial conducted (control n = 240), intervention n = 235) from 4 clusters. Women who had a birth companion, in spontaneously established labor and, expecting a vaginal delivery were eligible. The intervention was “midwife-provided orientation of birth companions”. The admitting midwife provided an orientation session for the birth companion on supportive labor techniques. The primary outcome was the chance of having a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Assessors were not blinded. Independent t-test and Chi-Square tests were used to assess the differences by study period.ResultsMean maternal satisfaction rate was significantly higher in the intervention period compared to the control period (P > 0.001). High maternal satisfaction levels were noted among the women who were; at the regional referral hospital, younger, first-time mothers, and unmarried (P < 0.001). Satisfaction with pain management was rated lowest across study periods. Satisfaction with humaneness was rated highest with a higher score in the intervention period (93%) than the control (79.5%). There were no statistically significant differences in the mode of delivery, need to augment labor, length of labor and Apgar scores.ConclusionMidwife-led role orientation of birth companions increased maternal satisfaction. Nevertheless, no significant effect was noted in the mode of delivery, length of labor, Apgar score, and need to augment labor. Findings could inform the integration of birth companions in the admission process of the woman in labor in similar settings.Trial registration numberNCT04771325.

Work Ideologies of Juvenile Probation Officers: The Effects of Individual Characteristics

Probation is the oldest and most widely used community-based corrections program. Research on probation primarily focuses on the experiences of justice-involved juveniles and the supervision of juveniles in the probation system. Much less is understood about the impact probation officers' perceptions have on job performance and what factors influence those perceptions. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between individual characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race, level of education, tenure, political party affiliation, and jurisdiction) and juvenile probation officers' perceptions about their work ideology. Data for the study came from a sample of juvenile probation officers in nine states. Participants were asked questions about sanctioning, disposition, and role orientation. The study's findings show that few individual characteristics are significantly associated with attitudes/perceptions about work ideology. Probation officers’ race was the only predictor significantly associated with several outcomes. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.