This article stems from the synthesis of four research studies in anthropology of health, around perinatality and severe epilepsies, with a view to propose a reflection at the interface of the notions of uncertainty, "self-statements" and TPE. The role of storytelling is questioned in the context of pathologies with high uncertainties, as much on a diagnostic as on a therapeutic and social level. A better understanding of storytelling is indeed a central identity and epistemological issue in the development of an adapted TPE system. The four research studies presented in the article are based on a qualitative ethnographic method, with participant observations and semi-structured interviews, but the article is presented in the form of a multidisciplinary literature review established on the basis of the results of these works. The results of this synthesis demonstrate that thanks to their enunciative structure, the "sayings of oneself" contribute towards the identity reconstruction of the subject in the context of TPE, allowing them to better adapt to the multiple uncertainties that characterize some care. The narration represents the ferment of an identity which, once upset by rare disease and handicap, must be able to be rebuilt in particular within the framework of a TPE program. In doing so, beyond the transmission of medical information, TPE must be able to support the "self-explanations" of patients and/or caregivers in order to allow them to fully commit to taking in charge of their affections.