Role Of Social Relationships Research Articles

Socialization through Interactions: Exploring Roles of Social Relationships

Organizational socialization involves a newcomer’s acquiring the needed attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge to participate as an organizational member. In this process, interpersonal relationship a...

Relationships Between Adult Male and Maturing Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) Persist Across Developmental Stages and Social Upheaval

AbstractAcross the animal kingdom, long‐term social relationships outside the context of reproductive pair bonds are rare. However, they have been demonstrated in some mammals including primates, cetaceans, and social carnivores. The ontogeny of such relationships is likely to depend on the benefits individuals can gain by cultivating them. Previous studies demonstrated that young mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) have strong relationships with adult males, but little is known about the longevity of these bonds. Here, we examine the temporal stability of proximity relationships between coresident adult male and maturing gorillas in the habituated population monitored by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International's Karisoke Research Center in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. We used spatial proximity data to assess the strength of relationships between adult males and juveniles, and tracked these relationships as the juveniles matured into subadults (3–4 yr later; n = 229 dyads) and then young adults (7 yr later; n = 42 dyads). The proximity relationships of juveniles of both sexes predicted their proximity relationships with adult males in both subadulthood and young adulthood. However some young adult males who had lost their top adult male proximity partner from juvenilehood developed new relationships with older males that had risen in the dominance hierarchy. These data suggest that (1) kin selection may play a more important role in social relationships between potential fathers and adult female offspring than previously suspected, and (2) when maturing males' foremost adult male social partners remain available to them, their relationships can be stable past the age at which younger males become reproductive competitors.

Socioeconomic differences in school dropout among young adults: the role of social relations.

BackgroundSchool dropout in adolescence is an important social determinant of health inequality in a lifetime perspective. It is commonly accepted that parental background factors are associated with later dropout, but to what extent social relations mediate this association is not yet fully understood.Aim: To investigate the effect of social relations on the association between parental socioeconomic position and school dropout in the Danish youth cohort Vestliv.MethodsThis prospective study used data from questionnaires in 2004 and 2007 and register data in 2004 and 2010. The study population consisted of 3,054 persons born in 1989. Information on dropout was dichotomised into those who had completed a secondary education/were still attending one and those who had dropped out/had never attended a secondary education. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between parental socioeconomic position and dropout at age 21, taking into account effects of social relations at age 15 and 18.ResultsA large proportion of young people were having problems with social relations at age 15 and 18. In general, social relations were strongly related to not completing a secondary education, especially among girls. For instance, 18-year-old girls finding family conflicts difficult to handle had a 2.6-fold increased risk of not completing a secondary education. Young people from low socioeconomic position families had approximately a 3-fold higher risk of not completing a secondary education compared to young people from high position families, and the estimates did not change greatly after adjustment for social relations with family or friends. Poor relations with teachers and classmates at age 18 explained a substantial part of the association between income and dropout among both girls and boys.ConclusionsThe study confirmed a social gradient in completion of secondary education. Despite the fact that poor social relations at age 15 and 18 were related to dropout at age 21, social relations with family and friends only explained a minor part of the socioeconomic differences in dropout.However, poor social relations with teachers and classmates at age 18 explain a substantial part of the socioeconomic difference in dropout from secondary education.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2391-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Socioeconomic differences of educational attainment among young adults. The role of social relations

Background School dropout is associated with parental socioeconomic position but to what extent social relations in the family as well as to friends, teachers and classmates are related to educational attainment in young adulthood and if a social gradient is existing is not yet fully understood. Aim To elucidate the effect of social factors on the association between parental socioeconomic position and educational attainment of offspring’s in …

The Potential of Peer Robots to Assist Human Creativity in Finding Problems and Problem Solving

Many technological artifacts (e.g., humanoid robots, computer agents) consist of biologically inspired features of human-like appearance and behaviors that elicit a social response. The strong social components of technology permit people to share information and ideas with these artifacts. As robots cross the boundaries between humans and machines, the features of human interactions can be replicated to reveal new insights into the role of social relationships in learning and creativity. Peer robots can be designed to create ideal circumstances that enable new ways for students to reflect, reason, and learn. This, in turn, has increased expectations that robots and computer agents will enhance human learning and complement people's physical, social, and cognitive capabilities. This paper explores how peer-like robots and robotic systems may help students learn and engage in creative ways of thinking.

Sharing the small moments: ephemeral social interaction on Snapchat

ABSTRACTEphemeral social media, platforms that display shared content for a limited period of time, have become a prominent component of the social ecosystem. We draw on experience sampling data collected over two weeks (Study 1; N = 154) and in-depth interview data from a subsample of participants (Study 2; N = 28) to understand college students’ social and emotional experiences on Snapchat, a popular ephemeral mobile platform. Our quantitative data demonstrated that Snapchat interactions were perceived as more enjoyable – and associated with more positive mood – than other communication technologies. However, Snapchat interactions were also associated with lower social support than other channels. Our qualitative data highlighted aspects of Snapchat use that may facilitate positive affect (but not social support), including sharing mundane experiences with close ties and reduced self-presentational concerns. In addition, users compared Snapchat to face-to-face interaction and reported attending to Snapchat content more closely than archived content, which may contribute to increased emotional rewards. Overall, participants did not see the application as a platform for sharing or viewing photos; rather, Snapchat was viewed as a lightweight channel for sharing spontaneous experiences with trusted ties. Together, these studies contribute to our evolving understanding of ephemeral social media and their role in social relationships.

The Role of Pre-Action Procedure in Settlement of Disputes in Transportation in Russia

One of the peculiarities of the liability of the transport operator under the contract of transit of the cargo is in the presence in such a relationship of necessary pre-action procedure of disputes prior to recourse of the consignor or consignee to the court for protection of their violated rights. Compliance with the complaint procedure is carried out by requiring the transport operator the claims by the consignor or consignee. The general rule about the presence in relations of the transit of cargo of mandatory complaint procedure is established in the Civil code of the Russian Federation, at the same time, a more detailed regulation of the complaint procedure, namely the direction of the claim, the timing of consideration of the consequences of refusal in satisfaction of requirements shall is determined by transportation rules and codes, which leads to differentiated legal regulation of relations on the complaint procedure on the settlement of disputes in the sphere of cargo transportation. Despite the fact that the complaint procedure on the settlement of disputes plays a significant role in social relations, in the legislation of the Russian Federation there is no developed mechanism to encourage voluntary compliance, which leads to the fact that in the Russian practice complaint procedure is regarded rather as an additional encumbrance to the person whose rights were violated in the process of transit of cargo. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s3p93

Otherness and the Nature of the Multifaceted Self

The other or otherness is the ability to objectify a part of self, another person, and/or a group of people that results in an imbalance of power. The human ability to other allows for detachment to happen in social and personal relationship, which affects the self-perception and identity. Hegel argues in the Phenomenology of Spirit the very nature of an interdependent relationship, which expresses identity through the Lord and bondsman. I will argue how extreme detachment and disassociation between human beings has created a complex phenomenon and has redefined what it means to be human in relation to social superstructures. Social superstructures have defined and created norms and morality of societies and cultures, which then creates a division of those who fit these standards and those who do not. Traditionally philosophy and other forms of academic scholarship have focused upon the inequality of power and privilege and examined the relationship of the oppressed to their oppressor. Oppressed groups then have organized to articulate their collective experience, developed academic theory, and social movements to further identify the reality of otherness they experience. I will further explore this through the scholarship of Patricia HillCollins, Peg O’Connor, and Iris Young. This paradigm as power and oppression is also referenced to as political identity; however, I believe this method stratifies the multifaceted nature of the human self and needs to be restructured to uncover a richer sense of authenticity. In this paper I will argue how paradigms of otherness can be used to positively cultivate the multifaceted parts of the self. As an example of someone who lived out of her multifaceted nature of self, I will examine the life of Gloria Anzaldua. The two primary aspects of social superstructure influences on the self are societal and relational. I will explore how societal influences are the social groups in which an individual identifies based upon social position and life experience. The multifaceted social parts of the self include: class, race, gender, sexuality, physically and psychologically ability, religion/spirituality, age. Relational influences are the intimate relationships, which influence and shape an individual’s identity and perception of self. These multifaceted relational parts include: family and friends. Living towards one’s authentic self is complete balance and interaction of all multifaceted parts of the self that make up identity in the pursuit of answering the life long question of, “who am I?” The authentic self is one who can identify the social impositions, which oppress or privilege oneself and recognize the balance of all social roles in relation to personal experience and formation. The authentic self is never completely autonomous but conscious of social barriers or privileges that make up one’s personal identity, and is an expression of genuine balance. I believe that Anzaldua expresses this in her life experiences, as a Chicana Lesbian, and so I will reference her experiences to further examine these arguments.

A criança com deficiência visual em situações de brincadeiras na Educação Infantil

Esta pesquisa investigou a participação da criança com deficiência visual em contextos de brincadeiras na Educação Infantil. Pautou-se na perspectiva histórico-cultural de desenvolvimento humano, de Vigotski, ao considerar que atribui importante papel às relações sociais e as consideram subsídios na construção da brincadeira. O estudo se efetivou em uma creche de um município da Região Metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo em uma turma de maternal, em que havia uma criança cega matriculada. Pautou-se no caráter qualitativo e se constituiu como estudo de caso, tendo como participantes: uma criança cega, as duas educadoras da turma do maternal, a coordenadora e a vice-diretora da creche. Para a coleta de dados, foi realizada observação simples da rotina dessa turma, essencialmente em relação ao brincar, em dois momentos: março e abril de 2012; e junho de 2012. Os instrumentos de registro foram notas de campo, fotografias e gravações em vídeos. Depois da observação, foram feitas as entrevistas por pautas, tendo como participantes as duas educadoras, a coordenadora e a vice-diretora. Os resultados revelaram que a criança com deficiência visual se utiliza dos seus sentidos remanescentes nos contextos de brincadeiras; a importância de se trabalhar a orientação e mobilidade desde os anos iniciais; e, além disso, a necessidade da atuação do educador como mediador nas situações de brincadeiras para que se potencialize o desenvolvimento integral da criança e principalmente a sua linguagem.

The role of social relationship in HIV healing and its implications in HIV cure in China

HIV is both a biomedical disease and a social phenomenon that is constructed in particular cultural contexts. A successful and humane HIV cure requires not only the science of eradicating pathogens, but also the art of healing to restore harmony between mind and body. Healing in the context of HIV cure will be both personal and interpersonal, biological and social, and will involve rebuilding connections between HIV patients and their social environment. Social conceptions of healing have been highlighted in many regions with rich non-biomedical healing traditions, including China. Based on an adapted theoretical model on social relationships and health, we address the essential role of social relations for HIV healing in Chinese cultural context, and propose several recommendations for reforming practices and policies regarding HIV healing. In general, family is still a core social unit in HIV patients’ medical journey from diagnosis to treatment. A positive patient–physician relationship based on mutual respect and trust also has critical impact on patients’ physical and mental health. Physicians may become a key or the main source of social support in circumstances when families are not actively engaged in healing. Reconnecting HIV patients with their communities should be a necessary component of HIV cure, as this will help patients engage more fully in the HIV healing process. We call for a family-centered approach in HIV healing intervention to strengthen patient–family ties; a series of policies to build up and sustain positive patient–physician ties; and multi-level strategies to empower patients and rebuild their bonds to community and larger society. We also call for more empirical research on how non-biomedical healing approaches in various cultural settings could (directly or indirectly) inform HIV cure research.

Bridging Social Anthropology and Industrial Archaeology at a Georgia Grist Mill

The Eelbeck Mill Complex and Community is a complicated archaeological site with numerous industrial and domestic features from the 1820s to the 1940s. Excavations, historic research, and oral history proved to be substantial and complimentary sources of information for discovering and understanding the industrial features at Eelbeck and as well as their roles in social relationships within the community. Using theory from science, technology, and society (STS) studies, actor-network theory (ANT), and the concept of vernacular engineering, this case study illustrates the interconnectedness of industry and daily life and argues that industrial sites cannot be explicitly separated from domestic sites in archaeological analyses of technical-social systems.

The Concept and Elements of Healthy Community

Health is an important topic of 21st century and its meaning has been changed in the direction of more inclusive and diverse way. The meaning of health became ‘Community Property’ to find in the social relations, and true health is considered to be made when forming ‘sense of self’ through their role in social relations. The community is the basic mechanism that builds social relationship, therefore it is an essential element to realize the health of modern society. In the modern concept of community, imaginal link is considered more important than physical spatial boundaries, and there is a tendency to depend more on the inter-relationship within it. This is based on the concept of health and community that formed in the changed paradigm, this study covers the concept of health community through a new approach.

Longitudinal associations between social connections and subjective wellbeing in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Objective: The role of social relationships in determining well-being may be particularly salient in ageing populations. There is only limited longitudinal research examining the relationship between different dimensions of social relationships and change in well-being over time. The present analysis explores the association between isolation, loneliness and two measures of subjective well-being over six years using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.Design: Measures of social relationships were obtained at baseline and associations with well-being over the following six years were analysed using mixed models.Main outcome measures: Hedonic and evaluative well-being assessed every two years over the six-year period.Results: Levels of well-being showed a U-shaped relationship with time. At baseline, higher isolation and loneliness were associated with lower levels of hedonic and evaluative well-being. Individuals with high levels of isolation and loneliness initially showed a smaller decrease in evaluative well-being. The subsequent rise in well-being was, however, also diminished in this group. In contrast, loneliness was not associated with rate of change in hedonic well-being, while high levels of isolation were associated with a sustained decrease in hedonic well-being.Conclusion: Social isolation and loneliness show different associations with changes in evaluative and hedonic well-being over time.

Inequalities in adolescent: the lead role of social relations

Background This study aims to examine the influence of family affluence, school environment and peer group on unhealthy behaviours (irregular breakfast consumption, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle) and health outcomes (self-reported health, multiple health complaints and life satisfaction) within adolescent in an italian region. Methods The data from Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2009/10 (HBSC), a WHO cross-National Survey, were used on a regional basis. The 3291 …

Metapragmatics in Archaeological Analysis: Interpreting Classic Maya Patron Deity Veneration

AbstractAnthropological archaeology has long had an interest in understanding the semiotic properties of material objects, since it is through such objects that most archaeological analysis takes place. In recent decades, a new emphasis on materiality has focused attention on the links between material objects and social relationships in the past. In this article I argue that, just as in modern societies, the indexical meaning of material objects, and their role in social relations, were shaped by metapragmatic discourses in the past. Thus, in order to understand the role of material objects within ancient societies, it is necessary to analyze these discourses by means of historical records, their archaeological context, and analogical examples. I give an example of this method by analyzing Classic Maya inscriptions and the ways that the discourses recorded in them characterize material objects such as temples, cult objects, and tribute payments.

El peso real de la deuda de estudios. Análisis cualitativo de la trayectoria de endeudamiento de los jóvenes deudores del sistema de financiamiento universitario Corfo

A partir de un estudio cualitativo realizado con jóvenes adultos -entre 25 y 36 años- deudores de los créditos de pregrado otorgados por la Corporación de Fomento de la Producción (en adelante Corfo )y residentes en Santiago de Chile, el presente trabajo se ocupa de analizar sus trayectoria de endeudamiento educacional. Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de las proyecciones económicas y profesionales que los deudores asumen cuando acceden al crédito, las estrategias familiares desarrolladas para obtener y responder al crédito y las difíciles consecuencias personales y familiares que ha significado para los deudores responder a las exigencias de rembolso del crédito.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SOCIO-MOTIVATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE INTERPLAY OF PERCEIVED STRESS, NEUROTICISM, AND TEST ANXIETY AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS

In this study, we examined whether socio-motivational relationships, such as student–student relationships (SSR) and teacher–student relationships (TSR), as well as peers as positive motivators (PPM) and teachers as positive motivators (TPM), would mediate the association of both perceived stress and neuroticism with test anxiety in 1,088 German students from grades seven and eight. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that a high quality of SSR mediated the relationship between neuroticism and test anxiety, which was not the case for TSR. Furthermore, both PPM and TPM acted as mediators in all hypothesized associations. Interestingly, although a high quality of SSR mitigated feelings of test anxiety, PPM and TPM intensified test anxiety in neurotic students. The role of social relationships as protective factors as well as risk factors is discussed, as are the implications of the findings for educators, school psychologists, and teachers.

Theoretical considerations over trust: relevant aspects for organizational behaviour

The concept of trust has been studied by a large number of scholars from various scientific backgrounds. Trust has showed to play a major role in social relations, organizations, political systems, economic transactions and even in human-computer interaction. Many scholars appear united with respect to the importance of trust as a “public good”, necessary for the success of many economic transactions. Lewis and Weigert (1985, p.968) suggest that “trust is indispensable in social relationships”. Zucker (1986, p.56) followed with the statement that trust is “vital for the maintenance of cooperation in society and necessary as grounds for even the most routine, everyday interaction.” Luhmann (1980, p.4) goes further by arguing that trust is necessary to reduce complexity in the social systems, “absence of trust would prevent him (individual) from getting up in the morning”. Although the importance of trust has been acknowledged, its study remains problematic for several reasons. Since trust is a basic factor for the understanding of human conduct, its study is not restricted to a particular level of analysis. In the literature we find trust related to individuals, interpersonal relations, organizational structures, economic transactions and societies as a whole. In these contexts, several definitions have been proposed causing considerable confusion among researchers. However the earlier work has not been wasted. Each definition proposed, even with the limitations of its own approach, provides new information, adds insight and understanding to the meaning of trust. The fact that trust can be studied at different levels (individuals, groups and societies) and in different contexts, points out the relevancy of a multilevel analysis as well a simultaneous consideration of the context, in order to develop a meaningful framework for the study of trust (Rousseau, Stikin, Burt and Carmer, 1998).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v13i1/2.561

Processo inovativo e indicadores estruturais: posição dos atores e trajetória tecnológica na rede de carcinicultura potiguar

Ainda que se tenha avançado na análise do papel das relações sociais sobre a ação econômica, a atenção que lhe é conferida no processo inovativo ainda se mostra pequena no contexto brasileiro. Desta perspectiva, cabe analisar o processo inovativo como socialmente imerso, de onde se torna pertinente investigar como as relações sociais entre atores privados e públicos interferem na geração de inovação, tomando-se o caso da carcinicultura potiguar. Utilizando-se da análise de redes sociais, considera-se o indicador estrutural de posição na rede, cuja matriz de relações entre atores permite visualizar o caráter evolucionário da estrutura da rede e suas implicações sobre o processo inovativo. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, interpretadas pela análise de conteúdo, descreve-se o fenômeno em uma abordagem longitudinal e indutiva, cuja compreensão ao longo da trajetória tecnológica revelou mais limites que oportunidades à geração de inovação, destacando-se a problemática do compartilhamento de informações na rede.

Talking Fashion in Female Friendship Groups: Negotiating the Necessary Marketplace Skills and Knowledge

This study revisits contexts of consumer socialization by focusing on fashion consumption among female teenagers. Focus groups and interviews have been utilized to collect data from 12- to 16-year-old female adolescents. The findings indicate that the adolescents cultivate both rational and symbolic skills within their friendship groups through friendship talk. The paper contributes to consumer socialization studies by examining the role of social relationships in and the accounts of the actual uses of fashion products. By doing so, it extends scholars’, policy makers’, schools’, and families’ understanding of the dynamics involved in the building of young people’s consumer identities and what type of issues they face as young consumers. Thus, the study provides policy makers with information regarding how consumer skills and knowledge are cultivated and the role of the friendship group in cultivating them, which can be used in formulating future policy aimed at consumer education, literacy programmes and social marketing aimed at adolescents.