Role Of Social Movements Research Articles

The political role of social movements In Iraq for the period 2003-2014

The phenomenon of the social movements of researchers, based on the scope of their influence on political events, and the nature of the wide role played, and its ability to influence, through its activities and various activities and various. It has practiced its activities through new and non-traditional peaceful means, with clear slogans and specific objectives. And was able to mobilize activists from different strata of the Iraqi people, and its categories and social strata. As the demands focused on freedoms, rights, dignity and social justice

El buen vivir como alternativa a un modelo civilizador en crisis.

The idea of Good Living according to the indigenous movements of Latin America (Abya Yala) is an ancestral worldview of life that has its origin in traditional knowledge and practices. It refers to living in harmony with human beings and nature, from a non-egocentric or anthropocentric view, which recognizes our interdependence and eco-dependence. This notion has re-emerged with force in the last decades as an alternative to the capitalist system, to the myth of development and economic growth, playing an important role in social movements and governmental initiatives of several Latin American States.

The Politics Insurgents Make: Reconstructive Reformers in American and British Postwar Party Development

As political parties and party systems across the democratic world are being roiled by insurgent challengers, political scientists need to think more systematically about insurgents and the politics they make. In this article I propose a new analytic framework for the study of electoral insurgents and their systemic impact on politics. Varying along dimensions of regime- and party-orientation, I argue that insurgencies unfold in four distinct patterns: reconstructive; co-optive; reorienting; and reactive. I make the case for one particular type by comparing two reconstructive insurgencies during the postwar period in which the structure, rules, and procedures of an existing major party were challenged and reformed: the New Politics movement inside the Democratic Party; and the New Left in the British Labour Party. In both cases, reconstructive insurgents had durable effects on party development by altering the rules of the game and shifting the organizational terrain on which subsequent political contests unfolded. These cumulative changes institutionalized a reformist dynamic in both parties that has routinely drawn organizational issues into intraparty contests, undermining the legitimacy of the parties over time. Thinking systematically about the politics insurgents make offers a new way of understanding the role of social movements and political entrepreneurs in party development.

Social Movements and Energy Democracy: Types and Processes of Mobilization

An important but sometimes overlooked dimension of the study of energy, democracy, and governance is the role of social movements. Industrial transition movements (ITMs) emerge when there is resistance from incumbent organizations, such as large utility companies in the electricity industry, to grassroots efforts to change the industry. A classification of ITM goals is developed based on two types of sociotechnical transition goals (developing alternative technologies and ending existing technologies) and two types of societal change goals (the democratization of industrial organizations and political processes and the equitable access to jobs and industrial products). The study of processes and outcomes of ITMs also has implications for social movement theory, which are outlined. This approach enables a comprehensive analysis of the relations among the state, industry, civil society, and social movements that can identify causal mechanisms in the effects of social movements on industrial transitions and energy democracy.

Toward a Theory of Entry in Moral Markets: The role of social Movements and Organizational Identit

A growing body of research on moral markets–sectors whose raison d’etre is to offer market solutions to social and environmental issues or to express a valued social identity–has offered critical i...

Toward a Theory of Entry in Moral Markets: The Role of Social Movements and Organizational Identity

A growing body of research on moral markets — sectors whose raison d’etre is to offer market solutions to social and environmental issues — has offered critical insights into the emergence and growth of these sectors. Less is known, however, about why some firms enter moral markets while others do not. Drawing from research on market entry, organizational identity, and social movements, we develop a theory that highlights the potential of organizational identity to explain variation in entry into moral markets. We then expand our framework by theorizing about contingencies that alter the shape of the relationship between organizational identity and market entry: the type and orientation of the social movement supporting the moral market, the flexibility of organizational identity, and the mode of market entry (de novo vs. de alio). Finally, we discuss the contributions of our framework and opportunities for extension.

Social protests, discontent and politics in southern and eastern Europe

Taking into consideration the debate on the role of social movements and of trade unions in organising social protests, in the light of contentious and conventional politics, this article examines participation in demonstrations in Europe and the political attitudes of the participants. The article uses data from the European Social Survey to examine the differences and similarities between European countries in respect of mobilisation levels over the past decade, arguing that distrust and dissatisfaction with political institutions might be a necessary condition but not a sufficient one to justify resorting to contentious politics. The article reveals the contrasts between the levels of mobilisation in southern European countries (Portugal and Spain) and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Hungary and Poland) and examines the patterns and (re)configuration of the profile of the protestors in the 2002–2014 period.

Musical Contention and Contentious Music; or, the Drums of Occupy Wall Street

This paper addresses music’s role in social movements, using work in mediation, assemblage, and actor-network theories to address the complex, contradictory, and contentious status that music often assumes within political protest. Three premises guide the discussion. First, if music is multiply mediated, then it follows that music’s mediation of other activities (including protest) is likewise multiple. Second, this constellation of mediations may be productively conceptualised as an assemblage, with music forming part of movement-assemblages, and movements forming part of musical assemblages. Third, this mutual imbrication of musical and political assemblages—and the reversibility of positions it entails—introduces a source of potential friction. To illustrate these points, the second part of the article examines the controversies surrounding the drum circle that animated Liberty Park during the Occupy Wall Street protests of 2011.

Building Taiwanese history and memory from below: The role of social movements

Social movements use memories not only to inspire and mobilize movements but also to struggle for justice. Using memory tools, Taiwanese social movements have challenged official interpretations of history, pluralized subjects worth having their own history and democratized the process of demanding that certain memories should be preserved. They have used memory to fight for social justice and for Taiwanese traditions against modernization and globalization. Social movements have used various memory tool kits, depending on their causes, understandings of Taiwanese identity, current social struggles and access to the political process. Different memory tool kits have led social movements to interpret differently which injustices matter and which gaps in hegemonic narratives deserve their attention.

Productive, Reproductive and Community Roles of Women Who Process Green Shells in Muara Angke, North Jakarta

This study aims to find out the productive, reproductive and community roles of fisherwomen in Muara Angke, Kecamatan Penjaringan, North Jakarta. The subjects of the study were two fisherwomen who work in the processing of green shells, as owners and as shellpeeler<br />laborer. The study explores women’s experience as breadwinners in the marine sector including the experience as a catch fisherwomen. The results showed that the role of fisherwomen in the productive and improvement of the family economy is very real,<br />either directly or indirectly as a fisherwomen or processor of marine products. Three roles of fisherwomen in Muara Angke, sub-district Penjaringan, North Jakarta namely productive, reproductive, and social community. The fisherwomen took part in supplementing<br />family income. In addition to performing reproductive roles related to domestic work, fisherwomen also have an active social role in social movements in order to maintain their living spaces and their spheres. The study found the tendency of women to abandon the<br />role of capture fisherwomen when carrying out the role of biological reproduction.

Democratisation and New Social Movements

AbstractThe article offers a reflection on the processes of democratisation in Slovenia, arguing that the new social movements were a key player in initiating and directing democratic transformation, but later came to be gradually marginalised with the consolidation of the “new” or “bourgeois” civil society. Furthermore, a new chronotope of analysis shows that the role of social movements was a necessary but not a sufficient condition for political, economic and social changes, since during the second phase of the democratisation a political detachment is already underway. The key point of contestation and discordance can be identified in their completely opposite understanding of democracy and the process of democratisation itself.

Role of Social Movements in Conflict Transformation with special reference to Bodoland Movement

This paper discusses the findings of the study on, role of Social Movements in Conflict Transformation with special reference to Bodoland Movement, conducted at Bodoland Territorial Area Districts, Assam. It highlights the results of the study such as-how Social Movements can act as a medium of Conflict Transformation, background of the Bodoland Movement, whether Bodoland Movement as a Social Movement has brought change at personal, relational, cultural and structural levels, how movement is achieving Conflict Transformation, how movement is achieving and losing its support base etc. The study too shows the dissatisfaction of the movement and failure of the successive governments to resolve the long standing Bodo issues. Therefore, there is need to understand the immediate situation, the pattern of relationship that exists among various institutions and the historical evolution of the Bodoland Movement. After that the civil activists, organizations and leaders of the movement along with the government need to work together to come out of the conundrum situation which is prevalent at this point of time. Along with that, contested issues need to be transformed through fruitful negotiation leading to conflict transformation in the region and to achieve greater social interests. Besides, the recent trend of transformation i.e. violent revolutionary means to non-violent peaceful methods in the movement needs to be fastened to get maximum support.

Os Movimentos Sociais Como Alternativa Para A Efetivação Da Participação Cidadã No Estado Democrático De Direito

O presente artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o papel dos movimentos sociais para o impulsionamento da participação dos cidadãos dentro do Estado Democrático de Direito, desde o contexto histórico das consequências culturais, políticas e econômicas vivenciadas a partir da década de 70, até os dias atuais. Diante do histórico desses movimentos, esta reflexão tem como proposta propiciar um debate sobre as possíveis alternativas de participação cidadã na atualidade social e política.

A Importância dos Movimentos Sociais na Luta Pelos Direitos das Mulheres a partir da Incorporação do Discurso dos Direitos Humanos

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos movimentos sociais na luta pelos direitos das mulheres. Inicialmente, será analisada a origem histórica do termo gênero e a sua conceituação. Posteriormente, será analisado o papel dos movimentos sociais para o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de proteção internacional de Direitos Humanos. Ao final, será analisado o papel dos movimentos sociais na luta pelos direitos das mulheres no Brasil. A partir desta pesquisa conclui-se pela importância dos movimentos sociais na luta pelos direitos das mulheres no contexto brasileiro na busca pela igualdade de gênero através da incorporação do discurso dos direitos humanos.

Социальные изменения и управление

The paper analyses a set of theoretical issues of the state-of-arts in the modern theory of social government. Basing on the screening of some fundamental works on urbanization and globalization as well as on the author’s experience in the field of risk analysis and environmental sociology, the shortlist of the most often used terms in this research field has been built. The author came to conclusion that the subject matter in this research area is very complex, multilevel, multidisciplinary, and therefore a model of research field cannot be restricted by the analysis of an act of ‘decision-making’ as such. Government and domination, the role of social movements, ‘we-they’ dichotomy, ruling under conditions of globalization, hybrid taming, government and self-regulation under crisis and critical conditions, are the main topics under consideration. In sum, any ‘decision-making’ is a complex a global-inclusive process of a probable character, with many twists, ups and downs, with a feedback burdened by unintended consequences and unforeseen results. This process may be qualified as ‘learning by permanent reflection and social activity, i.e. self-regulation. The paper also studies the time characteristics of the above process of governance, the role of environment in this process, specifics of the process of self-regulation in a globalized world. The author concludes that nowadays the concept of “government” is increasingly often replaced by the term “regulation process”, which implies the presence of forward and backward links between the agent and the object of control (in the form of dialogue, negotiations, temporary commissions, expert groups). The process of “decision-making” is understood as a discursive process. Feedback system becomes a term and, at the same time, a real link between the agent and the subject of management, and the environment in which this adjustment takes place. Management increasingly drifts towards regulation as a result of interactions of competition and cooperation, bargaining and negotiations, action in the wake of already existing agreements and continuous generation of new ideas and connections.

The Role of Social Movements in the Recognition of Gender Violence as a Violation of Human Rights: From Legal Reform to the Language of Rights

The history of rights shows that the struggle for the recognition of women’s rights was difficult enough and the recognition of the right of women to a life without gender violence has been even more difficult. With a perspective based in a socio-legal and critical approach, this article defends that the recognition of the right of women to a life free of gender violence must be seen as a conquest of the feminist movement and women’s organizations. It was the struggle of the feminist movement which provided the catalyst for the recognition of women’s rights and the specific right of women to a life free of gender violence and to protection against such violence. But not only the recognition, also the praxis of the right of women to a life free of gender violence is important. The right of women to a life free from gender-based violence cannot be fully realized without the implementation of this right at the international and the local level. The implementation of rights and the existence of social movements involved with the right to a life free from gender violence is decisive to transforms the demands for protection from violence and its eradication to be see not as a question of mercy, but as a question of justice; and putting the individual experiences of gender violence victims within a wider framework from which the abuse can be considered as a social problem.

Determinants in implementing a public policy for an essential volume of free water in Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia.

Within the framework for the realization of the human right to water and sanitation, States have the obligation to implement programs and public policies that satisfy the basic needs of their population, especially its most vulnerable demographics. In Colombia, this challenge has been addressed through policies that provide a determined essential amount of free water to people whose access to water and sanitation services are limited due to low income. Through a review of legal and technical documents as well as relevant literature, this article presents an analysis of the particular determinants involved in implementing this program in Bogotá and Medellín, as well as some related concerns. Among such factors, we discuss the evolution and changes of the tariff model used in service provision, estimates of basic consumption, the role of social movements and collective action, and user disconnection due to non-payment. The main particularities and differences of each case highlighted the inconveniences related to the method of identifying eligible users and applying assistance to beneficiary user groups, and the need for national guidelines in implementing this policy.

CONFLICT AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE THEORY ALAIN TOURAINE

The article analyzes the conflict as one of the basic elements of social reality, immediate source and mechanism of modern social changes. The author distinguishes the classification basics of the modern theories of conflict in Western social science, predicts the further development of social studies in problem field of conflict, and formulates the main provisions of the modern conflictological discourse. Are determined, the specific manifestations of the conflict in terms of contemporary realities, trends identified value orientations of modern society through the prism of conceptual views Alain Touraine. Disclosed concepts “subject”, “historicity”, “social movements”, “value”, the nature of social interactions, marked cultural patterns. This historicity is not understood as set of cultural values, accumulated over a certain historical time, integrated into the structure of society, as well as a set of tools with which this integration has occurred, a sort of tool of formation of various social practices that are in demand in a particular historical period. The study shows that the leading role in the discourse conflictological Alain Touraine assigned a sociological study of social changes that are going on in time and space. The conflict as a factor of social change in the theory of A. Touraine has more descriptive as fully concentrated on the study of a new historical stage of development of society and the role of social movements.

The stranger the better: support and solidarity in the 2011 students’ protests in Chile

This paper analyses the legitimation dynamics of the student protests in Chile 2011, explaining how the support of ‘strangers’ strengthened its position and endurance. By analysing interviews with both activists and uninvolved citizens, I describe a steady pattern whereby they express the strength and legitimacy of the movement by assessing the ‘abstraction’ of the link between protesters and their supporters. The more abstract these relations – the stranger supporters are – the most relevant and meaningful is their support. Beyond establishing the worthiness of protesters’ claims, strangers provide protesters with a mandate, fostering the movement’s cohesion and thus affecting its ability to endure through the conflict. While the literature has mostly looked at adherents as only potential (or failed) constituents, I argue that support that remains external plays a crucial role in social movements’ chances of success. This support needs, however, to avoid being framed as insufficient engagement. Further analysis shows that the distinction between protesters and strangers often requires active boundary work, allowing the movement to maximize the benefits of strangers’ support while managing its risks. The relation between these boundaries, the efficiency of different contention tactics and their adaptation is analysed here. The study argues that strangeness can involve very different, even opposed phenomena, which are often confounded, namely ‘otherness’ and ‘abstraction’. Critically drawing upon Simmel, I explain how it is ‘abstraction’ in particular that helps our understanding of the role of strangers in social movements and consider how this distinction could enrich research on the symbolic aspects of contentious politics.

From proposal to policy: Social movements and teachers’ unions in Latin America

Latin American teachers’ unions have stepped into the policymaking sphere and shaped education policies unrelated to regular workplace priorities like salaries and class sizes at notable moments. The literature on teachers’ unions in Latin America has not addressed this, tending to focus instead on those unions’ history and role in social movements, or their struggles against controversial education reform. This article links existing literatures in an effort to explain why teachers’ unions sometimes break from their normal workplace demands to take an active role in education policymaking. Drawing on case studies of Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Venezuela, and Guatemala, it argues that teachers’ unions break out of this usual role and promulgate system-enhancing education policy in the context of societywide social movements, such as those that lead to democratization or indigenous rights. However, only where these policies meet a receptive government are they translated from proposal to practice.