Role Of Patents Research Articles

Innovation dynamics in BRICS economies investigated by artificial intelligence (AI)

This study aims to address the existing knowledge gap regarding the specific impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on patent research and emphasize its strategic significance as a catalyst for innovation. The methodology employs a comprehensive approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. It systematically investigates the transformative potential of AI in patent research within the BRICS nations, including an examination of the technological, ethical, and legal challenges associated with AI’s application in patent analysis. This research contributes to the field by extending beyond the conventional focus on the role of patents in innovation and shedding light on the potential of AI in patent research. It offers valuable insights into how AI can redefine the landscape of patent research, providing a more rapid and accurate perspective on the identification of technological trends, opportunities, and competitive factors. The findings underscore that AI in patent research yields numerous advantages, ranging from efficient data processing to the forecasting of technological trends. Future studies should explore ethical and legal considerations associated with AI in patent research, as well as its implementation in the strategies of both corporate entities and governmental bodies in the BRICS nations.

Achieving a Fair and Equitable Balance: The Role of Patents in the Governance and Oversight of Human Germline Genome Editing

Achieving a Fair and Equitable Balance: The Role of Patents in the Governance and Oversight of Human Germline Genome Editing

R&D Investment and Debt Financing of High-Tech Firms in Emerging Economies: The Role of Patents and State Ownership

Substantial R&D investment can increase high-tech firms’ potential to establish long-term competitive advantages. Yet it can also cause high levels of transaction costs that may be an obstacle to accessing debt financing. In this article, we examine the influence of R&D investment on firms’ debt financing in emerging economies. Then, we explore how a firm's patents and state ownership alter this influence. Leveraging a panel dataset comprising 1084 Chinese high-tech manufacturing firms during a 12-year period from 2007 to 2018, we find that R&D investment has a direct negative effect on a firm's debt financing, which may be mediated by a firm's patents. Explicitly, R&D investment increases a firm's likelihood of having a patent, which in turn facilitates access to debt financing, because the patent acts as a signal. State ownership makes the negative direct influence of R&D investment more salient as a moderator, whereas it also moderates the positive influence of patents on debt financing in an inverted U-shaped pattern. Thus, our article not only reveals that R&D-intensive firms do face financing constraints in emerging economies but also indicates how patents and state ownership can relax or tighten the constraints.

Gender And Social Resilient: The Role of Women In The Public Ma'na Cum Maghza Approach

This research explores the interpretation of Quran verses that mention women's role in the public sphere using a thematic approach. The study aims to synchronize these verses with resilient verses and their components, as women who dedicate themselves to the public and domestic domains require resilience. The method used is qualitative-descriptive, qualitative-descriptive namely the Analysis of the data obtained (in the form of words, images or behaviour), and not expressed in the form of numbers or statistical figures, but by providing an explanation or description of the situation or conditions studied in the form of a narrative description. It can be emphasized that descriptive qualitative is a research method that utilizes qualitative data and is described in descriptive terms. In this research, thematic interpretation is applied to identify verses related to the topic and classify them. The study reveals that the understanding of the role of women in the public sphere is from the perspective of cum Maghza, meaning that there is no division or role of patents between men and women's duties, and men and women can synergize to carry out their duties. Resilience is achieved by applying the components of resilience, including emotional regulation, desire control, optimism, causality analysis, empathy, self-efficacy, and positive achievement, along with three additional T's: Takhalli, Tahalli, and Tajalli.

Innovation and Firm Performance Across Portuguese Municipalities: The Role of Patents

Innovation and Firm Performance Across Portuguese Municipalities: The Role of Patents

The Role of Patent (In)Eligibility in Promoting Artificial Intelligence Innovation (Work-In-Progress)

The Role of Patent (In)Eligibility in Promoting Artificial Intelligence Innovation (Work-In-Progress)

The Role of Patents as a Gendered Chameleon

The Role of Patents as a Gendered Chameleon

Genetics and Justice, Non-Ideal Theory and the Role of Patents: The Case of CRISPR-Cas9.

There are ongoing concerns of social justice regarding inequalities in the distribution of access to potential genome editing technologies. Working within non-ideal theory, Colin Farrelly advances a justification for the use of patents to speed up the arrival of safe and effective interventions for all, including the socially disadvantaged. This paper argues that such success is less assured when one considers the actual functioning of patents and the practical implications of the patent system in the context of biotechnological innovations. I suggest that non-ideal theoretical approaches risk reverting back to a form of ideal theory if they simply refer to such real-world constraints - e.g. patents - but do not critically assess and fully examine how such constraints manifest themselves in practice. I highlight some considerations that would be important in order to develop and foster a more robust non-ideal approach to justice in biotechnological developments.

Patents, innovation, and development

ABSTRACT I survey some recent research on the role of patents in encouraging innovation and growth in developing economies, beginning with a brief history of international patent systems and facts about the current use of patents around the world. I discuss research on the implications of patents for international technology transfer and domestic innovation. This is followed by a review of recent work by myself and co-authors on regional patent systems, the impact of patents on firm performance, and the impact on pharmaceutical patenting and domestic innovation. The conclusion suggests that patents may be relatively unimportant in development, even for middle income countries.

PEMBATASAN TERHADAP PERSAINGAN UNTUK MEMBENTUK PASAR DALAM KASUS STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENT (SEP) (PERBANDINGAN HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA DI INDONESIA DAN UNI EROPA)

The role of patents is complex when dealing with the problem of technological interoperability in cases where patented technology becomes standard. In such cases, a balance is needed between the protection of the interests of the inventor, i.e. the standard essential patent (SEP) holder, and of users who need the technology to enter the market. There is a susceptibility to restrictions on competition to create markets (competition for the market). Market dominance can be created by the adoption of SEP holder technology as a standard and hence, a key for other business actors to enter the market. With the potential for the formation of a dominant position in the relevant market, the competition law intervention is required when patent abuse occurs, as it appears typical in the pharmaceutical and information technology industries. The normative research examines how competition law in the European Union deals with SEP cases in comparison to Indonesian competition law.

Perverse Results from Pharmaceutical Patents in the United States.

In the United States, pharmaceutical patents have had a number of perverse and anticompetitive effects on the development and marketing of prescription drugs. Although some of these effects are unique to the United States, others have implications for patent policy across the world. Among the negative effects of drug patents are: (1) examples of misguided, anti-social, and anticompetitive promotion of patented drugs; (2) misguided incentives that push drug firms toward too much or too little research and development in critical areas: and (3) cartel-facilitating conduct linked to patent licenses or settlements of litigation involving drug patents. Some of these issues can be addressed directly through reforms in patent and competition law policy. There is, however, a need for a broader study of the role of patents in promoting drug research. That study should consider alternatives to the patent system, such as a prize system structured to supplement or partially replace patent rewards for pharmaceutical R&D.

Modalities, Challenges, and Possibilities

On October 25, 2019, the Texas A&M Journal of Property Law and the Center for Law and Intellectual Property at Texas A&M University School of Law jointly organized the “Pharmaceutical Innovation, Patent Protection, and Regulatory Exclusivities” Symposium. Although none of the organizers and participants could predict what was to come in the next few months, there was a wide consensus that the rapid changes in the pharmaceutical landscape and our continuous struggle to strike a proper balance between proprietary protection and public access in the public health arena deserves scholarly, policy, and regulatory attention. To help contextualize the articles included in this special issue and to inform readers about the inspirations and motivations behind the Symposium, Part II of this Introductory Article explores the different modalities of protection—in particular the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities in providing the needed incentives to pharmaceutical developers. Part III identifies three sets of challenges that affect the future of pharmaceutical innovation at both the domestic and international levels. Part IV utilizes a very recent event—the COVID-19 pandemic—to illustrate the wide array of policy options and possibilities both within and outside the intellectual property system. This Part makes salient the nexus between the domestic and international debates on pharmaceutical innovation.

Access to anti-covid vaccines: research, development and role of patents.

Access to vaccines against covid-19 is a very topical issue. On the one hand, we are suffering from supply problems and inadequate availability of doses both nationally and internationally. On the other hand, public health needs do not coincide with those of the market economy: the need to vaccinate the entire world population to overcome the pandemic cannot be satisfied due to market rules and limits in production processes. The result is a radical inequality in access to vaccines. We are aware of the delicate balance between health and economy: the latter cannot ignore the former. Also for this reason, the demand for greater equity in access to vaccines is growing: the race for innovation may not be hindered by a targeted relaxation of the rules on intellectual property during a pandemic health emergency.

COVID-19 vaccines and the role of patents

In a remarkable feat of science and technology, several vaccines have been developed at a rapid pace to combat the global coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. It is a sign of what can be achieved for hu...

Access to Medicine and TRIPS Agreement: A Mapping of the Tradescape

The tumultuous tradescape, which references the landscape of the trade regime, provides the background for this chapter and hopes to outline a historiographic mapping of the struggles of diverse actors for access to medicine rupturing established global structures over three generations. The historiographic mapping traces the changes in the patent discourse terrain by analyzing the metamorphosis of IP ideology, particularly patents. In doing so, this larger book captures the different sets of actors such as states, transnational business corporations, civil society groups, and the (re)framing of patent discourses within and among these actors. Our intergenerational analyses of the legal issues surrounding the access to medicine question provides an insight into the structures within which the actors have operated along with the dynamic relationship between structures and actors. The term structure refers to the economic system within which various actors operate. The influence of structures over the behavior of actors and in turn, the influence exerted by actors over structures eventually caused generational shifts in the debate on the role of patents, trade, and access to medication. The book examines the influences over established global protocols, national and international agreements, and state and non-state entities. In doing so, we acknowledge that the history of patent harmonization discourse is a story of dynamic actors, whose interactions with established structures continue to shape the global patent regime.

COVID-19 vaccines and the role of patents

COVID-19 vaccines and the role of patents

Patenting motives of pharmaceutical firms: a perspective on changing role of patents and firms' strategy in business

Patenting motives of pharmaceutical firms: a perspective on changing role of patents and firms' strategy in business

Global equitable access to vaccines, medicines and diagnostics for COVID-19: The role of patents as private governance

In June 2020, Gilead agreed to provide the USA with 500 000 doses of remdesivir—an antiviral drug which at that time was percieved to show promise in reducing the recovery...

Technology Economics: Innovation, Licensing, and Antitrust

Public policy toward innovation faces a trade-off: Increasing the compensation of successful inventors increases dynamic efficiency by spurring technological progress, but it decreases static efficiency by enlarging a wedge between price and marginal cost. In making this trade-off, public policy is guided by two insights—economic growth is the prime driver of social welfare gains, and technological progress is the prime driver of economic growth. Patent and copyright law, therefore, were designed to help inventors and authors appropriate a significant share of the value of their inventions and writings. Antitrust law neither revokes nor restricts any right granted by patent law, and antitrust law can contribute little in resolving disputes arising from commitments to license on FRAND terms. Economic theory and empirical research into innovation and the patent system reveal a complex and varied landscape. Two robust conclusions are that too little is invested in innovation and that both the innovation process and the role of patents in the process vary greatly across industries and inventions. Depending on the precise question posed, theory predicts that monopoly can enhance or retard innovation, and data generally support the hypothesis that both monopolies and unconcentrated markets are relatively inhospitable to innovation. Although patents are critical to innovation in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, they are unimportant in many industries, and patent protection generally has been found to have no effect on the pace of innovation.

Role of Patents in Biosimilar Drug Development and Public Interest

Role of Patents in Biosimilar Drug Development and Public Interest