Role Of microRNAs In Pathogenesis Research Articles

The Role of microRNA in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Different Variants, Treatment and Prognosis of Mycosis Fungoides.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), accounting for approximately 50% of all CTCLs. Although various molecular changes in MF have been described in existing studies, no obvious disease-specific changes have been found thus far. microRNAs (miRs) are short, noncoding RNA molecules that play roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in various diseases. Recently, there has been rapidly expanding experimental evidence for the role of miRs in the progression, early diagnosis, prognosis prediction for MF. Efforts to improve early diagnosis and develop personalized therapy options have become more important in recent years. Here, we provide an overview and update of recent advances regarding miRs associated with MF. Furthermore, we provide insights into future opportunities for miR-based therapies.

The role of microRNAs in pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy

The role of microRNAs in pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy

Radon Biomonitoring and microRNA in Lung Cancer.

Radon is the number one cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. microRNA expression in human bronchial epithelium cells is altered by radon, with particular reference to upregulation of miR-16, miR-15, miR-23, miR-19, miR-125, and downregulation of let-7, miR-194, miR-373, miR-124, miR-146, miR-369, and miR-652. These alterations alter cell cycle, oxidative stress, inflammation, oncogene suppression, and malignant transformation. Also DNA methylation is altered as a consequence of miR-29 modification induced by radon. Indeed miR-29 targets DNA methyltransferases causing inhibition of CpG sites methylation. Massive microRNA dysregulation occurs in the lung due to radon expose and is functionally related with the resulting lung damage. However, in humans this massive lung microRNA alterations only barely reflect onto blood microRNAs. Indeed, blood miR-19 was not found altered in radon-exposed subjects. Thus, microRNAs are massively dysregulated in experimental models of radon lung carcinogenesis. In humans these events are initially adaptive being aimed at inhibiting neoplastic transformation. Only in case of long-term exposure to radon, microRNA alterations lead towards cancer development. Accordingly, it is difficult in human to establish a microRNA signature reflecting radon exposure. Additional studies are required to understand the role of microRNAs in pathogenesis of radon-induced lung cancer.

A Role of MicroRNAs in Pathogenesis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

A Role of MicroRNAs in Pathogenesis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

The Role of MicroRNA in Pathogenesis and as Markers of HCV Chronic Infection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accumulating evidence indicates that a number of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are able to exert an effect on liver biology and pathology, can regulate or be regulated by HCV infection. Many studies demonstrate that HCV utilizes host miRNAs and modulates expression of miRNAs in infected hepatocytes for its infection and propagation. In turn, host miRNAs can directly regulate HCV replication through interaction with the HCV RNA genome or by indirectly controlling the host pathways associated with the virus replication, which eventually induce HCV-related liver diseases such as liver fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, or HCC. Recently, extracellular miRNAs (circulating miRNAs) detected in human serum and plasma are proposed as biomarker candidates for pathological conditions due to their remarkably stable nature and the non-invasiveness of their detection. Since these circulating miRNAs exhibit consistent levels between healthy individuals but significantly changed profiles in disease conditions, considerable effort has been employed to investigate the alteration in the circulating miRNA pattern that is related with HCV infection and associated liver diseases. In this review, we summarize the features of miRNAs critical for HCVassociated liver disease initiation and progress, and discuss growing evidence that distinctive circulating miRNA patterns are related with HCV infection and associated liver diseases. These will shed light on the development of miRNA-based therapeutic modalities and non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCV infection and associated diseases.

MicroRNAs in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma and their diagnostic and prognostic utility as cancer biomarkers.

To provide information about the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their diagnostic and prognostic utility as cancer biomarkers. A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords "renal cancer/renal cell carcinoma/kidney cancer" and "miR*/miRNA*/microRNA*". Articles dealing with the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of RCC, diagnostic miRNAs and prognostic miRNAs were separated. MiRNAs act both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. They regulate apoptosis, cell growth, migration, invasion, proliferation, colony formation and angiogenesis through target proteins involved in several signaling pathways, and they are involved in key pathogenetic mechanisms such as hypoxia (HIF/VHL dependent) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Differentially expressed miRNAs can discriminate either tumor tissue from healthy renal tissue or different RCC subtypes. Circulating miRNAs are promissing as diagnostic biomarkers of RCC. Information about urinary miRNAs associated with RCC is sparse. Detection of a relapse is another implication of diagnostic miRNAs. The expression profiles of several miRNAs correlate with the prognosis of RCC patients. Comparison between primary tumor tissue and metastasis may help identify high-risk primary tumors. Finally, response to target therapy can be estimated thanks to differences in miRNA expression in tissue and serum of therapy-resistant versus therapy-sensitive patients. Our understanding of the role of microRNAs in RCC pathogenesis has been increasing dramatically. Identification and validation of their gene targets may have direct impact on developing microRNA-based anticancer therapy. Several microRNAs can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

PP088. The role of microRNA in pathogenesis of preeclampsia-miRNA network analysis.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, affecting least 5-8% of all pregnancies worldwide. Several theories (e.g., immunological, placental ischemia, and genetic) have been described to explain pathogenesis of PE. The analysis of different contributing factors (proteins, mRNA, miRNA) are in the higlight of preeclampsia research, leading to an increasing pool of data. Recently, microRNA-s seems to provide feasible biochemical mechanism playing key role in protein translation regulation. The aim of our strudy was to collect datas from literature regarding to different subset of miRNA-s connected to pathways playing role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. miRNA expression datas were analysied by biostatistical methods, connections in miRNA gene network and graphical representation of connections and crosspoints of supposed pathways were performed. In more than a hundered miRNA-s analysed in different studies most of the reserches concentrate on angiogenesis, trophoblast cell invasion, vascular developement, oxiadtive stress and blood presure regulation. This condition resulting as major crosspoints miRNA-s involved in this pathways: miR-29b, miR-155, miR-195, miR-16, miR-20a, miR-20b. Complex network analysis and graphical presentation in dynamic manner of miRNA pathways and possible consecquences of aletartion in miRNA expression could help in setting of major directions in PE research.

MicroRNAs take part in pathophysiology and pathogenesis of Male Pattern Baldness

Male Pattern Baldness (MPB) or androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss with androgens and genetics having etiological significance. Androgens are thought to pathophysiologically power on cascades of chronically dramatic alterations in genetically susceptible scalp dermal papillas, specialized cells in hair follicles in which androgens react, and finally resulting in a patterned alopecia. However, the exact mechanisms through which androgens, positive regulators of growth and anabolism in most body sites, paradoxically exert their effects on balding hair follicles, are not yet known. The role of microRNAs, a recently discovered class of non-coding RNAs, with a wide range of regulatory functions, has been documented in hair follicle formation and their deregulation in cancer of prostate, a target organ of androgens has also been delineated. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge in agreement with microRNAs' contribution in pathophysiology of MPB. To investigate the role of microRNAs in pathogenesis of MPB, we selected seven microRNAs, predicted bioinformatically on a reverse engineering basis, from previously published microarray gene expression data and analyzed their expression in balding relative to non-balding dermal papillas. We found for the first time upregulation of four microRNAs (miR-221, miR-125b, miR-106b and miR-410) that could participate in pathogenesis of MPB. Regarding microRNAs' therapeutic potential and accessibility of hair follicles for gene therapy, these microRNAs can be considered as good candidates for a new revolutionized generation of treatments.