MicroRNAs in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma and their diagnostic and prognostic utility as cancer biomarkers.

Michal Fedorko,Roman Wasserbauer,Jaroslav Juracek,Dalibor Pacik,Motasem Ghazal,Gabriel Varga,Mohamed I Nussir

doi:10.5301/jbm.5000174

Michal Fedorko, Roman Wasserbauer + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000174

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Abstract

To provide information about the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their diagnostic and prognostic utility as cancer biomarkers. A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords "renal cancer/renal cell carcinoma/kidney cancer" and "miR*/miRNA*/microRNA*". Articles dealing with the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of RCC, diagnostic miRNAs and prognostic miRNAs were separated. MiRNAs act both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. They regulate apoptosis, cell growth, migration, invasion, proliferation, colony formation and angiogenesis through target proteins involved in several signaling pathways, and they are involved in key pathogenetic mechanisms such as hypoxia (HIF/VHL dependent) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Differentially expressed miRNAs can discriminate either tumor tissue from healthy renal tissue or different RCC subtypes. Circulating miRNAs are promissing as diagnostic biomarkers of RCC. Information about urinary miRNAs associated with RCC is sparse. Detection of a relapse is another implication of diagnostic miRNAs. The expression profiles of several miRNAs correlate with the prognosis of RCC patients. Comparison between primary tumor tissue and metastasis may help identify high-risk primary tumors. Finally, response to target therapy can be estimated thanks to differences in miRNA expression in tissue and serum of therapy-resistant versus therapy-sensitive patients. Our understanding of the role of microRNAs in RCC pathogenesis has been increasing dramatically. Identification and validation of their gene targets may have direct impact on developing microRNA-based anticancer therapy. Several microRNAs can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Highlights

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2%-3% of all malignant tumors [1]
Because of the increasing interest in miRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers, we aimed to provide an up-to-date review on the e27
Inactivation of the VHL gene is a typical sign of clear-cell RCC; it is responsible for virtually all familial ccRCC and two-thirds of sporadic ccRCC [6]

Summary

Introduction

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2%-3% of all malignant tumors [1]. MicroRNAs are short noncoding single-strand RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to their target messenger RNA (mRNA) and causing mRNA inhibition and/or degradation [3]. They have been shown to be involved in a number of critical biological processes including cell development, differentiation and apoptosis. Because of the increasing interest in miRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers, we aimed to provide an up-to-date review on the e27

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