Role Of Micro Research Articles

Fucoxanthin, a Functional Food Ingredient: Challenges in Bioavailability.

Fucoxanthin is an orange-red xanthophyll carotenoid found in brown seaweeds and known for its many bioactive properties. In recent years, the bioactive properties of fucoxanthin have been widely explored, making it a compound of immense interest for various health applications like anti-cancer, anti-tumour, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. However, the poor bioavailability and instability of fucoxanthin in the gastrointestinal tract have major limitations. Encapsulation is a promising approach to overcome these challenges by enclosing fucoxanthin in a protective layer, such as liposomes or nano-particles. Encapsulation can improve the stability of fucoxanthin by protecting it from exposure to heat, pH, illumination, gastric acids and enzymes that can accelerate its degradation. Studies have shown that lipid-based encapsulation systems such as liposomes or nano-structured lipid carriers may solubilise fucoxanthin and enhance its bioavailability (from 25 to 61.2%). In addition, encapsulation can also improve the solubility of hydrophobic fucoxanthin, which is important for its absorption and bioavailability. This review highlights the challenges involved in the absorption of fucoxanthin in the living system, role of micro- and nano-encapsulation of fucoxanthin and their potential to enhance intestinal absorption.

The role of micro and macro-level factors in shaping innovation management in online education and ICT usage in China

The context of education has changed dramatically as a result of the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution, particularly as it relates to online learning. In order to better understand how innovation management is impacted by ICT usage and online education in China's higher education institutions, this study will look at how both micro and macro-level elements play a significant influence. The study uses a quantitative, cross-sectional methodology to collect information from 390 individuals from both public and private universities. The study aims to comprehend how faculty members, students, and educational administrators view the use and integration of ICT tools and online learning platforms through a standardized survey questionnaire. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. The findings reveal significant insights into the interplay of various factors affecting innovation management in the rapidly evolving landscape of online education and ICT adoption in China's higher education institutions. The purpose of the study is to gain an important understanding of the intricate relationships between micro and macro-level variables and how these interactions affect innovation management in online learning and ICT usage in China. The study's conclusions are anticipated to provide policymakers, university leaders, and educators with useful counsel for fostering an atmosphere that is supportive of technological integration and cutting-edge practices in higher education. A wide range of participants from both public and private universities are included in the study's scope, guaranteeing a complete representation of the higher education environment in China.

A Systematic Literature Review on Role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indian Economy

This Literature Review systematically examines the Role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and opportunities and challenges Faced by this MSME Sector. Following PRISMA guidelines, used predefined eligibility criteria to search the database of Google scholar for peer reviewed published literature that evaluated the Role of MSMEs in Indian economy and opportunities and challenges associated with this Sector. After screening the title, Abstract and full text of the retrieved results, evaluation done for the relevant data. 24 out of 224 met our criteria. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play significant role in mitigating the problems of unemployment and ensuring equitable regional development. Despite the Significance Role in economy MSMEs has to face many challenges such as inadequate fund, poor infrastructural facility, inadequate marketing linkages, lack of skilled workforce etc. MSMEs will not be flourishing without adequate support of Government and Financial Institutions. Therefore, Government has taken various steps towards helping and sustaining this MSME sector.

MICRO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MULTILATERAL ENTERPRISES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND FINANCING FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND THE UNITED NATIONS 2030 AGENDA

The research paper entitled “Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, Multilateral Enterprises, Foreign Direct Investment and Financing for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations 2030 Agenda” reflects the global issues pertaining to the role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Multilateral Enterprises, Foreign Direct Investment policies and financing for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the United Nations 2030 Agenda. It dwells into the study of various macro issues and aspects such as relevance, role and contribution of MSMEs to the global economies and the SDGs, background and definition of MSMEs, inter-linkages between the MSMEs and the SDGs, Multilateral Enterprises and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), FDI Policies for Improving the Sustainable Development Impacts of Investment, need of international and national actions to scale up SDG financing, need for scaling up investment in the SDGs and climate action, enhancing international financial architecture.

Metal-Organic Frameworks for Water Harvesting and Concurrent Carbon Capture: A Review for Hygroscopic Materials.

As water scarcity becomes a pending global issue, hygroscopic materials prove a significant solution. Thus, there is a good cause following the structure-performance relationship to review the recent development of hygroscopic materialsand provide inspirational insight intocreative materials. Herein, traditional hygroscopic materials, crystalline frameworks,polymers, and composite materials are reviewed. The similarity in working conditions of water harvesting and carbon capture makes simultaneously addressing water shortages and reduction of greenhouse effects possible. Concurrent water harvesting and carbon capture islikely to become a future challenge. Therefore, an emphasis is laid on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for their excellent performance in water and CO2adsorption, and representative role of micro- and mesoporous materials. Herein, the water adsorption mechanisms of MOFs are summarized, followed by a review of MOF's water stability, with a highlight on the emerging machine learning (ML) technique to predict MOF water stability and water uptake. Recent advances in the mechanistic elaboration of moisture's effects on CO2adsorption are reviewed.This review summarizes recent advances in water-harvesting porous materials with special attention on MOFs and expects to direct researchers' attention into the topic of concurrent water harvesting and carbon capture as a future challenge.

Micro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement technique

Nano-additives results in the formation of nano-cementation (NC). This process is recently used to improve the durability of various building materials. NC used to improve the strength of untreated soil materials, also known as nano soil-improvement (NSI). In few years, the role of nano-additives in various types of soils were developed. In this research, the role of micro- and nano- size of bentonite as soil stabilizer was evaluated as first few research to improve geotechnical properties of soils. Nano-additives prepared by micro- and nano- sizes of bentonite were blend with four formulations. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3%, namely 0% Micro-Bentonite, 1% Micro-Bentonite, 2% Micro-Bentonite, 3% Micro-Bentonite, 0% Nano-Bentonite, 1% Nano-Bentonite, 2% Nano-Bentonite, and 3% Nano-Bentonite, respectively. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives were separately added to soil. Specimens with 3% nano-bentonite showed significant improvement in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil that was more than 2.3-times higher than control specimen in 7-d curing time. Also the performance of micro-bentonite resulted in improvement in UCS of soil that was more than 1.1-times higher than control specimen at 7-d curing time. The secant modulus at 50% of peak stress (E50) of the samples treated with micro- and nano- additives increased in comparison to untreated specimens. Further, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses characterized micro- and nano- structures of soil specimens, and showed the performance of nano-additives in improving strength of soils. Results show that nano-bentonite as a type of nano-additives is an effective means of increasing the strength of soils. This research shows the significant of nano-bentonite in soil improvement, as a NSI technique.

MICROELEMENTS AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE BODY OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Abstract: This review article discusses the role of micro and macro elements in pediatrics. A thorough study of the biological role of MEs, carried out in recent years, has made it possible to accumulate factual material reflecting their influence on various physiological functions of the body and, in particular, on the metabolism of a growing organism. About 20 chemical elements take part in the formation and development of various body tissues and their physiological reactions. MEs take an active part in various types of metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; influence the course of redox processes, the synthesis of hormones, the functions of the internal secretion organs and the nervous system. The effects of ME, which are part of physiologically active compounds, manifest themselves mainly in their influence on metabolic processes and their too high or too low content is fraught with far-reaching consequences. Knowledge of the physiological level of vitally important, irreplaceable MEs in the body of newborns, the parameters of their balance and significance in the processes of adaptation to extrauterine living conditions will contribute to the development of measures to prevent the implementation of maladaptive syndromes and those diseases in the genesis of which the main role is played by a lack or excess of MEs in the body, their imbalance.

Role of micro- and nano-CeO2 reinforcements on characteristics and tribological performance of HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings

The present study investigates the role of micro- and nano-CeO2 reinforcements on microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited using high-velocity-oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process. A novel blending method involving ultrasonication, magnetic stirring and 3D-tumbler mixing was used to prepare the micro- and nano-CeO2 reinforced Cr3C2-NiCr feedstock powders. Unreinforced Cr3C2-NiCr coatings were also prepared for comparison purposes. X-ray diffraction, FE-SEM, EDS mapping, optical microscopy and optical profilometry were used to characterize the coatings. Tribological studies were performed on the coatings using modular ball-on-disc tribometer. The results showed that nano-CeO2 reinforced coatings yielded considerable reduction in porosity, surface roughness and CoF values while significantly enhancing the hardness and fracture toughness in comparison to the micro-CeO2 reinforced and unreinforced Cr3C2-NiCr coatings. The addition of nanoCeO2 to the coatings contributed to the microstructure refinement and to the formation of stable tribo-oxide layer, resulting in a lower specific wear rate under identical test conditions. Performance of micro-CeO2 reinforced coatings was intermediate to that of nano-CeO2 reinforced and unreinforced Cr3C2-NiCr coatings.

Refugee and migrant children’s views of integration and belonging in school in Ireland – and the role of micro- and meso-level interactions

ABSTRACT Schools are chief among the social institutions impacted by migrant flows as key sites of integration and support for migrant children. This article focuses on micro-and meso-level interactions and their importance to experiences of belonging and socio-educational integration for migrant children. It explores outcomes from qualitative research in Ireland conducted as part of a European research project investigating the socio-educational integration of refugee and migrant children in schools. The research uses participatory and co-creation methodologies, including a Children and Young People’s Research Advisory Group. Child-friendly and age-appropriate focus groups were conducted with migrant children. The content and focus of these were informed through discussion with and insights of the project’s Children and Young People’s Advisory Group. Findings of this study highlight a range of factors impacting on the students’ experiences of belonging and unbelonging in schools including, host language support, school environment and centrality of children’s relationships with teachers as well as concerns among children about experiences of bullying, racism and intolerance. The finding highlights the importance of allowing children to describe their lived experiences using participatory research methods as children can speak to their own realities which may not be as visible to adult observers of children’s social worlds.

Are Microplastics Toxic? A Review from Eco-Toxicity to Effects on the Gut Microbiota.

Emerging studies have presented an initial picture of the toxic effects of exposure to environmental micro- and nanoplastics. They have indicated that micro- and nanoplastics may induce toxicity by leading to oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorders, gene damage, and so forth in environmental organisms, marine invertebrates and vertebrates, and laboratory mouse models. In recent years, micro- and nanoplastics have been discovered in human fecal samples, placentas, lung tissue, and even blood; thus, micro- and nanoplastics pose an alarming and ever-increasing threat to global public health. However, current research on the health effects of micro- and nanoplastics and the possible adverse outcomes in humans has only presented the tip of the iceberg. More robust clinical data and basic experiments are still warranted to elucidate the specific relationships and mechanisms. In this paper, we review studies on micro- and nanoplastic toxicity from the perspectives of eco-toxicity, the adverse effects on invertebrates and vertebrates, and the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In addition, we evaluate the toxicological role of micro- and nanoplastic exposure and its potential implications in respect to human health. We also summarize studies regarding preventive strategies. Overall, this review provides insights on micro- and nanoplastic toxicity and its underlying mechanisms, opening up scientific avenues for future in-depth studies.

MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN PROSPERITY BUSINESS ACTORS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE VILLAGE ANAIWOI

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) are self-sufficient business units, which is done by individuals or an effort in all economic sector. The role of MSMEs in the Indonesian economy is shown by their role as perpetrator business biggest, as well contribution to absorption power work, formation of Product Domestic Gross (GDP), exports and fixed capital creation/investment. In this research, the role of MSMEs can be seen from 4 variables, namely health, education, pattern consumption and social other. The purpose of this research is to find out how the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises is in prosperity perpetrator business during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Village Anaiwoi. The research was conducted from May to June 2022. This research uses an approach qualitative and quantitative methods. The data analysis used is a rating scale analysis. The results of the study show that the value of 1,476 is included in the interval category "enough well and well" however more to the category enough good with a percentage value of 80.39%. The results of the study can be concluded that the role of MSMEs in prosperity perpetrator business during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Anaiwoi Village means to play a role enough good with the role of 80.39% where it is based role in the field health 39.90%, education 21.00%, level and pattern consumption 26.35% and social other 17.73%.

Democratic Transition of Nepal-2006: A Theoretical Sociological Analysis

Democracy approximates a politically equal situation to all human subjects. People’s voice for democracy and increasing number of countries adopting a democratic regime indicate democracy’s endorsement of the notion ‘people as sovereign’. Often said, each People’s Movement is inclined to one’s right to freedom, equality and justice. Thus, democracy is deliberately inserted into any of the contemporary debates ranging from a peaceful deal to any social movement and war, be it the external type of Independence Movement, or the internal type of social, cultural, economic and political riots, protest movements or great revolutions including the French Revolution and others. The late-twentieth and early twenty-first century witnessed communist regimes’ gradual greet to democracy, and a situation occurred as if democracy was an undisputed form of regime. In 2006, a collective campaign of people throughout the country came to the street making alliance with the civil society organizations, previously underground Maoist party and other mainstream political parties to protest the royal takeover and bring democracy back into practice. The movement was culminated with bringing a huge transition – Nepal’s Democratic Transition-2006 – which this paper attempts to theorize. By giving special reference to the Game Theory of Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, this paper verifies the role of micro and macro components as equally and strategically active for enabling the democratic transition of a nation.

The potential role of micro- and nanoplastics in the spread of viruses

The review presents recent materials about the growing influence of micro- and nanoplastics (MP/NP) on the spread of pathogenic viruses in humans and animals. The issue of the interaction of viruses with the plastisphere, the role of the virus envelope in the preservation of these microorganisms on microparticles in the composition of the biofilm has been elucidated. The issues of synergism of the pathogenetic action of MP/NP and viruses, studied on various models, are discussed. The article shows the negative effect of MP/NP on the permeability of the body's natural barriers, which can create favorable conditions for the penetration of viruses and the development of an infectious process. The authors draw attention to the need to expand interdisciplinary research in this area, given the fact that viruses residing on MP/NP can increase their infectivity and, possibly, form new genovariants.

Investigating the Practice of Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (Msmes): Evidence from Central Kalimantan

This study aims to investigate the application of micro and small business financial reports. The approach taken in this research uses using descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative data through semi-structured interviews were collected from 27 main subjects, namely micro and small businesses. The interview lasted between 45 and 60 minutes, in addition to using observation and documentation techniques to investigate further the role of micro and small business reports as corroborating other forms of evidence. At the same time, the data validation technique uses source triangulation techniques for analysis of data collection, reduction, display and verification. The findings of the results of the investigation of the micro and small business financial reports show that micro and small businesses still need to be more optimal in implementing financial reports following the procedures for Micro, Small and Medium Entity Financial Accounting Standards (SAK EMKM). This is evidenced by 27 micro and small business subjects. Only two small business people were interviewed intensively and implemented the management of recording initial financial reporting activities, namely collecting transaction evidence; 25 other micro and small businesses did not record financial reports. This study contributes to the investigation of the application of micro and small business financial reports in the field by exploring the factors that cause the non-application of financial reports according to the Micro, Small and Medium Entity Financial Accounting Standards (SAK EMKM).

Analysis of Financial Management in Economic Empowerment of MSMEs: A Case in a Tourism Village

Rural economic development requires quick and appropriate action to maximise existing resources in the village through an entrepreneurial movement. One solution is to build a Tourism Village, which will increase the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) around the area. Therefore, it is very important for MSMEs to have good financial management in order to improve their business performance. This study aims to identify and evaluate the level of effectiveness of financial management in MSMEs in Kampung Ketupat, Jalan Mangkupalas, Kelurahan Mesjid, Samarinda Seberang, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. The method used in this research is qualitative through observation and interviews with key informants in Kampung Ketupat. The results showed that the financial management of MSMEs in Kampung Ketupat is based on a system of capital assistance, joint venture and profit sharing through PKK. This system is said to be effective because it fulfils the Empowerment index, which is an index that assesses the level of empowerment of MSMEs. The Empowerment Index provides a broad view of the effectiveness of MSME empowerment and can be used as a reference to determine steps to strengthen MSME performance, especially in terms of financial planning, implementation, and control. Therefore, good financial management in MSMEs will provide great benefits for the performance and sustainability of MSMEs in Kampung Ketupat. This research contributes to the scientific world, especially regarding the study of financial management of MSMEs in Kampung Ketupat on Jalan Mangkupalas, Mesjid Village, Samarinda Seberang, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan.

Reliable Electricity Access, Micro and Small Enterprises, and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia

While subsidising electricity tariffs, the Indonesian government has launched a massive electrification campaign to improve the quality of life of Indonesians. However, whether these efforts have increased access to energy for all and whether this access reduces poverty is unclear. We empirically test the causal effects of electricity access on poverty reduction. We also investigate the potential role of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) as the transmission channel for poverty reduction. To isolate any endogeneity, we use the instrumental variable approach. We exploit the village’s proximity to the nearest power plant in 1985 as the exogenous variation of the historical least-cost distance by the state-owned electricity company, PLN, to instrument the endogenous nature of current-time electricity access. Our results show that expanding reliable electricity services contributes significantly to poverty reduction. Nevertheless, we find no evidence that the development of MSEs has an influential mediating role in the poverty reduction effects.

The Role of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises in Enhancing Post-Covid Community-Based Tourism

Approaching a three-year mark since the onset of Covid-19 pandemic, tourism remains in the forefront of Indonesia’s overall recovery strategy, along with the micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) that have also been the backbone of the country’s economy. The field of community-based tourism (CBT), which has developed around the growth of these MSMEs, has increasingly gained traction in the Indonesian tourism research community in the past decade or so. However, there remains a great deal to be explored, particularly in relation to attaining sustainability in the face of global crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the role of MSMEs in enhancing CBT, focusing on their business strategies prior to and following the onset of the pandemic. A descriptive qualitative method is utilized by means of content analysis and literature review, both from primary and secondary sources. The resulting analysis reveals that the role of MSMEs significantly contribute to enhance community-based tourism strategy before and after the pandemic. The study also reveals that following the Covid-19 pandemic, MSMEs’ business and development strategies shifted toward increasing and improving utilization of digital technology and literacy across all MSME sectors.

Consumer Satisfaction of Chocolate Product and Its Marketing Facilities: Case Study of a MSME Chocolate Factory in Jember

The role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME)-scale of cocoa agro-industry sector in Indonesia has increased along with the increasing number of MSMEs engaged in secondary cocoa processing sector. One of the factors that influence the sustainability of cocoa agroindustry business is customer satisfaction index (CSI). Therefore, this study aims to analyze consumer satisfaction index of chocolate product and its marketing facilities offered by producer which can then be used as input for the development of chocolate business. This research was conducted at MSME chocolate factory located in Jember, Indonesia. The selection of this location was done purposively with the consideration that the MSME chocolate factory produces couverture chocolate products. The research method chosen is descriptive using the analysis method of customer satisfactionindex (CSI) and importance performance analysis (IPA). There were 96 respondents involved in this research. Determination of sample size was calculated by using the Slovin formula. The results showed that the majority of the chocolate consumers are, young generation female who have well literacy of digital experiences. Furthermore, CSI of chocolate products and its marketing facilities was 77.86%, which indicates that overall consumers were satisfied. Several attributes that has satisfied the consumers are chocolate taste, packaging, chocolate shape, food safety guarantees labeled at the chocolate products, outlet cleanliness, outlet convenience, the atmosphere offered by the outlet, friendliness of the salesperson to the customer, salesperson’s knowledge of the menu, responsiveness of salespeople in fulfilling orders, attractive outlet interior design, cleanliness and availability of toilets, prayer rooms and supporting facilities for consumer comfort has also satisfied the consumers. Priority improvement strategies that require to be conducted to increase consumer satisfaction include adjusting the price of chocolate products, increasing promotions through social media and providing entertainment facilities, such as music, wi-fi, and TV at chocolate marketing facilities.

ROLE OF MICRO SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH ON THE INDONESIAN ECONOMY


 
 
 The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of micro, small and medium scale (MSMEs) growth on Indonesian economy. The data has been taken from the data secunder of Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS) and Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM (Kemenkop UKM). The data analyze using regression analyze to determine the role of micro, small and medium scale (MSMEs) growth on Indonesian economy. The results show that a micro, small and medium scale (MSMEs) growth on Indonesian economy have a role but does not have much impact because there are a lot of a factors which have an impact on Indonesian Economy. This result has an implication that the increasing Indonesia’s economic growth on various factors including the increase the number of MSMEs if the increasing of quality products for MSMEs in Indonesia
 
 

Analisis pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Inklusi Keuangan, dan Financial Technology terhadap kinerja Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Bandung

The important role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the national economy can be seen from their contribution to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The increase in the number of MSME actors still leaves several problems, including MSME actors in Indonesia still having performance problems. This study aims to examine the effects of financial literacy, financial inclusion, and financial technology on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the city of Bandung. This research uses quantitative methods and is processed using the SmartPLS 3.0 analysis tool. The population in this study were all MSMEs registered in the cooperatives and MSMEs in Bandung City. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study was 120 SMEs in the city of Bandung. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy, financial inclusion, and financial technology have a positive and significant impact on the performance of MSMEs in the city of Bandung.