Role Of Medical Imaging Research Articles

Medical imaging in cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia, often referred to as "wasting syndrome," is characterized by fatigue, weakness, and involuntary weight loss. This syndrome is concomitant with progressive skeletal muscle atrophy with or without adipose tissue loss and is frequently accompanied by systemic inflammation. Understanding the complexities of cancer cachexia is crucial for early detection and intervention, and it is also paramount for enhancing patient outcomes. Medical imaging, comprising diverse imaging modalities, plays apivotal role in this context, facilitating the diagnosis and surveillance assessment of both the disease extent and the body composition changes that offer valuable information and insights into disease progression. This article provides acomprehensive discourse of the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations of cancer cachexia as well as the role of medical imaging in this setting. Particular emphasis is placed on contemporary multidisciplinary and translational research efforts for the development of diagnostic and treatment tools, aiming to mitigate the devastating consequences of cancer cachexia.

SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS REVEALING EXTENSIVE AORTIC DISSECTION: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Severe acute pancreatitis is a frequent reason for hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Biliary and alcoholic etiologies are the most frequent. Vascular etiology, particularly ischemic etiology, is rare. Its often-serious consequences raise the question of how to proceed: should surgical treatment be provided, or should medical care be delayed? This study reports the case of an 87-year-old patient, known to be hypertensive, admitted to the emergency department of the Oued Eddahab military hospital with excruciating epigastric abdominal pain. Investigations revealed severe acute pancreatitis of ischemic origin following thoracoabdominal aortic dissection extending to the superior mesenteric artery. A review of the literature revealed only 15 similar cases of acute pancreatitis of ischemic origin associated with aortic dissection. This underlines the rarity of this situation, and the absence of standardized recommendations for the management of this exceptional situation, which presents the clinician with the dilemma of whether to opt for surgical or medical management. This case demonstrated the exceptional role of medical imaging in the context of severe acute pancreatitis, in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and etiology. It also highlighted the importance of an individualized approach based on multidisciplinary consultation, given the absence of recommendations and the paucity of literature.

All About Crack Tooth Syndrome and Role of Medical Imaging in Diagnosing It: A Review

All About Crack Tooth Syndrome and Role of Medical Imaging in Diagnosing It: A Review

The Role of Medical Imaging in the Diagnosis of Desmoplastic Fibromas

The Role of Medical Imaging in the Diagnosis of Desmoplastic Fibromas

Overview of Cancer Management—The Role of Medical Imaging and Machine Learning Techniques in Early Detection of Cancer: Prospects, Challenges, and Future Directions

Overview of Cancer Management—The Role of Medical Imaging and Machine Learning Techniques in Early Detection of Cancer: Prospects, Challenges, and Future Directions

Neuroimaging in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial pressure disorders.

To review the clinical features, proposed pathophysiology, and the role of medical imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The authors conducted a narrative review of the current literature on intracranial hypertension and hypotension syndromes, with a focus on imaging findings and role of neurointerventional radiology as a therapeutic option for these pathologies. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension commonly presents in obese women of childbearing age, being headache and papilledema the main clinical manifestations. Characteristic radiological findings consist of increased cerebrospinal fluid around the optic nerve, partially empty sella turcica and stenosis of the transverse sinuses. Transverse sinus stenting is a treatment alternative that has proven valuable utility in the recent years. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension in most of cases presents with orthostatic headache and has predilection for female population. The typical radiological features in the brain consist of subdural fluid collections, enhancement of the dura, engorgement of the venous structures, pituitary enlargement, and sagging of the brain. In this pathology, a cerebrospinal fluid leak in the spine associated with a defect in the dura, meningeal diverticulum, or a cerebrospinal fluid-venous leak must be actively ruled out. Neurologic complaints secondary to changes in intracranial pressure exhibit certain clinical features that in combination with fairly specific radiological patterns allow a highly accurate diagnosis. The diverse specialists in neurosciences should be aware of the multiple image modalities in the study of these syndromes as well as the treatment alternatives by neurointerventional radiology.

Vascular Implications of COVID-19: Role of Radiological Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Tissue Characterization: A Special Report.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a pandemic, infecting nearly 80 million people worldwide, with mortality exceeding six million. The average survival span is just 14 days from the time the symptoms become aggressive. The present study delineates the deep-driven vascular damage in the pulmonary, renal, coronary, and carotid vessels due to SARS-CoV-2. This special report addresses an important gap in the literature in understanding (i) the pathophysiology of vascular damage and the role of medical imaging in the visualization of the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, and (ii) further understanding the severity of COVID-19 using artificial intelligence (AI)-based tissue characterization (TC). PRISMA was used to select 296 studies for AI-based TC. Radiological imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound were selected for imaging of the vasculature infected by COVID-19. Four kinds of hypotheses are presented for showing the vascular damage in radiological images due to COVID-19. Three kinds of AI models, namely, machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning, are used for TC. Further, the study presents recommendations for improving AI-based architectures for vascular studies. We conclude that the process of vascular damage due to COVID-19 has similarities across vessel types, even though it results in multi-organ dysfunction. Although the mortality rate is ~2% of those infected, the long-term effect of COVID-19 needs monitoring to avoid deaths. AI seems to be penetrating the health care industry at warp speed, and we expect to see an emerging role in patient care, reduce the mortality and morbidity rate.

Imaging in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Elderly Women

The breast cancer diagnosed in the women at or above age 70 is defined as breast cancer in the elderly.As the population keeps aging,breast cancer in the elderly presents increasing incidence and high mortality.Early detection,early diagnosis,and early treatment might improve the prognosis of these patients. Comprehensively evaluating the functional age of elderly patients is essential for the individualized treatment. Medical imaging plays a key role in the screening,early diagnosis,therapy selection,evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy efficacy,and postoperative follow-up.We reviewed the current literature and focused on the role of medical imaging in the diagnosis and treatment recommendations for breast cancer in the elderly.

Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients With Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine.

PURPOSEKey to achieving better population-based outcomes for patients with lung cancer is the improvement of medical imaging and nuclear medicine infrastructure globally. This paper aims to outline why and spark relevant health systems strengthening.METHODSThe paper synthesizes the global lung cancer landscape, imaging referral guidelines (including resource-stratified ones), the reliance of TNM staging upon imaging, relevant multinational health technology assessments, and precisely how treatment selection and in turn patient outcomes hinge upon imaging findings. The final discussion presents data on current global gaps in both diagnostics (including imaging) and therapies and how, informed by such data, improved population-based outcomes are tangible through strategic planning.RESULTSImaging findings are central to appropriate lung cancer patient management and can variably lead to life-prolonging interventions and/or to life-enhancing palliative measures. Early-stage lung cancer can be treated with curative intent but, unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer still present at advanced stages and many patients lack access to both diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, half of lung cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. The role of medical imaging and nuclear medicine in lung cancer management, as outlined herein, may help inform strategic planning.CONCLUSIONLung cancer is the number one cancer killer worldwide. The essential role that medical imaging and nuclear medicine play in early diagnosis and disease staging cannot be overstated, pivotal in selecting the many patients for whom measurably improved outcomes are attainable. Prevention synergized with patient-centered, compassionate, high-quality lung cancer management provision mandate that strategic population-based planning, including universal health coverage strategies, should extend well beyond the scope of disease prevention to include both curative and noncurative treatment options for the millions afflicted with lung cancer.

The role of medical imaging in diagnosis of complications of inflammatory paranasal sinuses diseases

The role of medical imaging in diagnosis of complications of inflammatory paranasal sinuses diseases

Medical imaging and analysis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma using CT, MRI and ultrasound

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a type of bone cancer that arises from the malignant transformation of chondrocytes and spreads metastatically to the surrounding bone tissue. CSs tend to grow and spread slowly, dedifferentiating into high-grade tumours; however, the cancer may grow rapidly too. What causes chondrosarcoma is not known, though it may arise from a benign tumour or bone conditions. Typically, CS tumours originate from the bones of the axial skeleton, but they may also occur in other parts of the body. CS patients usually experience aching pain around the tumour, especially at night or during physical activity, and it slowly deteriorates. Medical imaging tests play an important role in the diagnosis of CS; nevertheless, a tissue biopsy is required to confirm its diagnosis. The role of medical imaging is also vital in guiding and monitoring treatments. Surgical resection of the tumour is commonly the primary treatment for most types of CS due to its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This work presents the case of a deceased middle-aged male subject with dedifferentiated CS of the right chest wall, including analysis of medical images involving both ionising (computed tomography) and non-ionising techniques (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging), in addition to treatments the subject received, along with their outcomes. Five generations of the subject’s family were investigated in detail and the subject was found the only cancer case in his family. Furthermore, the subject did not benefit from any treatments he underwent, and he died within two years from the diagnosis.

Research and Implementation of Medical Image Edge Detection Algorithm

Medical imaging has become an important reference for the diagnosis of various diseases, and the role of medical imaging will become more and more important in the future. The interpretation of medical images is of paramount importance. With the continuous development of medical imaging technology, image interpretation has become more and more important. At present, it is directly inferred by doctors that in order to solve problems more effectively and deal with fuzzy data, it is necessary to research and implement an algorithm-based medical image edge detection assistant system. The current mainstream algorithms for edge detection include: Roberts, Sobel, Prewitt, etc. Most of these algorithms construct operators for small neighborhood pixels of the original image. The problem is that the algorithm is relatively sensitive to noise in the image and does not automatically select the appropriate threshold, resulting in a result that is not as expected. This is a disadvantage of current algorithms. The thesis elaborates on the theory and algorithm of image edge detection. At the same time, from the perspective of the original edge detection algorithm, the Canny algorithm is mainly studied, and the optimized MTM algorithm and Ostu algorithm are combined to study and optimize in the filtering denoising research. Finally, the algorithm is implemented in C++ language, which realizes the automatic extraction of the edge function of medical images under noise conditions. The improved algorithm performs an edge replacement effect change complared to the conventional algorithm.

COVID‑19 pathology imaging: A one-year perspective.

The first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) were reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Five months later, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a pandemic. The symptoms are nonspecific, and include breathing difficulties, cough, fever, and the loss of smell and taste. The diagnosis is confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Medical imaging has been mainly used to estimate the range of disease or potential complications.The aim of this study was to present the radiographic features of COVID‑19 reported in published papers. This investigation includes the scientific work concerning chest radiography (chest X-ray - CXR) and computed tomography (CT) in COVID‑19 patients. The most common pathologies are described, and the classification of COVID‑19 appearance in CT and other radiology reports is summarized. The usage of lung ultrasound (LUS) was taken into consideration. This study emphasizes the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the COVID‑19 pandemic. The algorithms developed to detect the disease are discussed. The role of medical imaging is not limited to the respiratory system; it can also be used in searching for and monitoring complications (cardiac, vascular or brain damage). Due to the significant role of radiology in the current pandemic, a review of the latest medical literature was performed to help clarify the upcoming data.

Diagnostic challenges and the role of medical imaging in postpartum miliary tuberculosis

Most tuberculosis (TB) infections in women of reproductive age occur around pregnancy and the postpartum period. Miliary TB is a disseminated form of the disease which is rare during pregnancy and postpartum but potentially fatal. The clinical presentation of miliary pulmonary TB is not specific and body specimens may be difficult to obtain or give a negative finding, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. The decision to investigate patients’ symptoms with imaging can be rewarding as the miliary pattern can be easily recognized. We report a case of postpartum miliary pulmonary TB in a client negative for human immunodeficiency virus infection that was diagnosed with chest computed tomography after prolonged illness and no certain clinical diagnosis. RÉSUMÉ L’atteinte pulmonaire de la tuberculose est plus fréquemment rencontrée durant la grossesse et la période de post-partum chez la femme en âge de procréer. La forme miliaire est beaucoup moins courante, mais plus létale, vu son caractère disséminé, affectant plusieurs organes simultanément. La présentation clinique de la tuberculose pulmonaire miliaire pendant la grossesse est souvent masquée, voire confondue, avec les symptômes constitutionnels de la grossesse. La confirmation au laboratoire est souvent négative, en raison de l’obtention difficile des prélèvements biologiques, avec pour conséquent des retards significatif de diagnostic et de traitement. Ce délai de temps peut être raccourci, grâce au recours à l’imagerie médicale dans l’investigation des symptômes constitutionnels non spécifiques de la maladie. Ce qui permettra d’orienter vers une étiologie, et d’identifier l’aspect lésionnel micronodulaire disséminé, quasi-pathognomonique de la tuberculose pulmonaire miliaire. Afin d’alerter les cliniciens devant des difficultés diagnostiques, avec pour but de leur donner des outils diagnostics, nous rapportons un cas de tuberculose pulmonaire miliaire en post-partum chez une patiente négative à l’infection due au virus d’immunodéficience humaine, gravement malade, et sans diagnostic clinique certain.

Evaluation of the Clinical and Imaging Findings of Breast Examinations in a Tertiary Facility in Ghana.

Breast diseases have been one of the major battles the world has been fighting. In winning this fight, the role of medical imaging cannot be overlooked. Breast imaging reveals hidden lesions which aid physicians to give the appropriate diagnosis and definitive treatment, hence this study, to determine the clinical and imaging findings of breast examinations to document the radiologic features in our setting. This cross-sectional retrospective study reviewed the sociodemographics, imaging reports (mammography and ultrasonography with BI-RADS scores and their features), and the clinical data of 425 patients from September 2017 to September 2020 in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. 72 solid lesions with their histology reports were also reviewed. Data obtained were organized, coded, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 20.0. The results obtained were presented in appropriate tables and charts. A chi-squared test was employed for associations and statistical significance was specified at p ≤ 0.05. 63.29% of the patients were married, but only 18.59% had a positive family history of breast cancer. BI-RADS scores 1(57.46%) and 2(27.99%) were the most recurrent findings. The most common BI-RADS 2, 3, 4, and 5 imaging features were benign-looking axillary lymph nodes (66.33%), well-defined solid masses (61.54%), ill-defined solid masses (42.86%), and ill-defined solid masses with suspicious-looking axillary lymph nodes (100.00%), respectively. The most frequent indications were routine screening (49.18%), mastalgia (26.59%), and painless breast masses (19.77%). There was significant association between duration of symptoms and breast cancer (p value = 0.007). In conclusion, routine breast screening and mastalgia were the topmost indications for breast imaging. BI-RADS 1 and 2 were the commonest BI-RADS scores, and benign-looking axillary lymph nodes and simple cysts were the most frequent imaging features for BI-RADS 2 and ill-defined solid masses and suspicious-looking axillary lymph nodes for BI-RADS 4 and 5.

Deep Learning In Medical Imaging And Drug Design

Over the last decade, deep learning (DL) methods have been extremely successful and widely used in almost every domain. Researchers are now focusing on the convergence of medical imaging and drug design using deep learning to revolutionize medical diagnostic and improvement in the monitoring from response to therapy. DL a new machine learning paradigm that focuses on learning with deep hierarchical models of data. Medical imaging has transformed healthcare science, it was thought of as a diagnostic tool for disease, but now it is also used in drug design. Advances in medical imaging technology have enabled scientists to detect events at the cellular level. The role of medical imaging in drug design includes identification of likely responders, detection, diagnosis, evaluation, therapy monitoring, and follow-up. A qualitative medical image is transformed into a quantitative biomarker or surrogate endpoint useful in drug design decision-making. For this, a parameter needs to be identified that characterizes the disease baseline and its subsequent response to treatment. The result is a quantifiable improvement in healthcare quality in most therapeutic areas, resulting in improvements in quality and duration of life. This paper provides an overview of recent studies on applying the deep learning method in medical imaging and drug design. We briefly discuss the fields related to the history of deep learning, medical imaging, and drug design.

The Role of Medical Imaging in COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic launched in the third decade of the twenty-first century and continued to present time to cause the worst challenges the modern medicine has ever encountered. Medical imaging is an essential part of the universal fight against this pandemic. In the absence of documented treatment and vaccination, early accurate diagnosis of infected patients is the backbone of this pandemic management. This chapter reviews different aspects of medical imaging in the context of COVID-19.

What Is the Role of Imaging in Cancers?

In the issue entitled "Role of Medical Imaging in Cancers", 33 papers have been collected (23 original articles, 8 reviews, 1 brief report and 1 perspective) [...].

The role of medical imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19

2019年12月，新型冠状病毒肺炎在中国爆发，疫情迅速以武汉市为中心蔓延至全国和境外。影像科作为疫情防控一线科室，在肺炎筛查和分流、影像诊断与鉴别、疗效评估和随访、工作流程和管理、人员管控和排班乃至科室感染防控能力等诸多方面都面临考验。面对突发疫情，如何迅速响应和正确决策，有许多值得讨论和思考的问题。

The role of medical imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia

2019年12月，新型冠状病毒肺炎在中国爆发，疫情迅速以武汉市为中心蔓延至全国和境外。影像科作为疫情防控一线科室，在肺炎筛查和分流、影像诊断与鉴别、疗效评估和随访、工作流程和管理、人员管控和排班、乃至科室感染防控能力等诸多方面都面临考验。面对突发疫情，如何迅速响应和正确决策，有许多值得讨论和思考的问题。