Role Of Magnetic Nanoparticles Research Articles

Emerging Trends in Targeted Magnetic Nanoparticle Imaging for Precision Medicine in Oncology

In cancer care's dynamic landscape, targeted imaging is pivotal for advancing precision medicine. This review focuses on the role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), in personalized diagnostics and treatments for oncology. Current trends and future directions in MNP imaging, addressing challenges like biocompatibility, toxicity, and regulatory considerations, are discussed. The review explores MIONPs' theranostic potential, especially in brain drug delivery monitoring through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Variousnanoparticle types, including SPIONs as MRI contrast agents, are highlighted. The article covers challenges in nanoparticle modification, including methoxy- polyethylene glycol (mPEG), and discusses gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for photoacoustic imaging, as well as insights into fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The conclusion emphasizes rapid and accurate tumoridentification, introduces carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for cancer therapy and diagnosis, and underscores the transformative role of lipid-based nanocarriers incancer research. The multifaceted applications of nanotechnology in cancer diagnostics and treatment are discussed throughout, showcasing a paradigm shift.Crucial challenges in unlocking nanotechnology's full potential in cancer care, such as safety concerns, robust clinical trials, synthesis methods standardization, regulatory approval, biodegradability, tailoring nanotherapies, economic viability, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary collaboration, are addressed. Addressing these challenges holds the promise of elevating nanotechnology into a potent force in the ongoing battle against cancer.

The role of magnetic nanoparticles in dark fermentation

The role of magnetic nanoparticles in dark fermentation

Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Surface Enhancements, and Biological Challenges

This review focuses on the role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), their physicochemical properties, their potential applications, and their association with the consequent toxicological effects in complex biologic systems. These MNPs have generated an accelerated development and research movement in the last two decades. They are solving a large portion of problems in several industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, water remediation, photoelectronics, and information storage, to name a few. As a result, more MNPs are put into contact with biological organisms, including humans, via interacting with their cellular structures. This situation will require a deeper understanding of these particles’ full impact in interacting with complex biological systems, and even though extensive studies have been carried out on different biological systems discussing toxicology aspects of MNP systems used in biomedical applications, they give mixed and inconclusive results. Chemical agencies, such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical substances (REACH) legislation for registration, evaluation, and authorization of substances and materials from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA), have held meetings to discuss the issue. However, nanomaterials (NMs) are being categorized by composition alone, ignoring the physicochemical properties and possible risks that their size, stability, crystallinity, and morphology could bring to health. Although several initiatives are being discussed around the world for the correct management and disposal of these materials, thanks to the extensive work of researchers everywhere addressing the issue of related biological impacts and concerns, and a new nanoethics and nanosafety branch to help clarify and bring together information about the impact of nanoparticles, more questions than answers have arisen regarding the behavior of MNPs with a wide range of effects in the same tissue. The generation of a consolidative framework of these biological behaviors is necessary to allow future applications to be manageable.

A review of recent advances in magnetic nanoparticle-based theranostics of glioblastoma.

Rapid vascular growth, infiltrative cells and high tumor heterogenicity are someglioblastoma multiforme (GBM) characteristics, making it the most lethal form of brain cancer. Low efficacy of the conventional treatment modalities leads to rampant disease progression and a median survival of 15months. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), due to their unique physical features/inherent abilities, have emerged as a suitable theranostic platform for targeted GBM treatment. Thus, new strategies are being designed to enhance the efficiency of existing therapeutic techniques such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and so on, using MNPs. Herein, the limitations of the current therapeutic strategies, the role of MNPs in mitigating those inadequacies, recent advances in the MNP-based theranostics of GBM and possible future directions are discussed.

Prognosis-associated methylation subtypes in endometrial carcinoma patients and the role of magnetic nanoparticles in gene extraction

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, and DNA methylation plays a vital role in its occurrence and development. In this study, we collected the relevant data on endometrial cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and UCSC website. By screening and processing the data, we obtained 410 samples and 16,381 methylation sites. Endometrial carcinoma can be divided into seven molecular subtypes using consensus clustering method. Based on the analysis of the differences among subtypes, the methylation degree of different sites was obtained, and the prognosis model of methylation sites was established. Based on the median value of the train group, the train and test groups were divided into high and low-risk groups. The survival between the high and low-risk groups was different. It also showed that this model can predict the survival of patients, with better accuracy. In conclusion, the tumor subtypes based on methylation sites can provide a better guidance for treatment, relapse, and prognosis of endometrial cancer. In this study, magnetic nanoparticles can be used to extract genomic DNA and total RNA due to their paramagnetism and biocompatibility, then transcriptome high-throughput sequencing was performed. It may serve as potential cancer immune biomarker targets for developing future oncological treatments.

Magnetism for Drug Delivery, MRI and Hyperthermia Applications: a Review

Superparamagnetic nanoparticles contain unique magnetic properties that differ from the bulk materials and are able to function at a cellular level due to their size, shape, and surface characteristics. These features make them attractive candidates for drug delivery systems, thermal mediators in hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery, treatment, and safety concerns related to these materials are considered, as well. Furthermore, the general principles and challenges of the magnetic behavior of nanoparticles in the field of oncology are also discussed. Firstly, the basic requirements for magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications are outlined. The close link between structure, shape, size, and magnetic characterization are described, which is considered essential for non-invasive imaging modality, innovative magnetic-driven nanocarriers, and treatment based on the overheating. In conclusion, investigation of the toxicity profile of novel nanoparticles is provided, as well. In the current review, the attention is focused on the role of magnetic nanoparticles, especially iron oxide nanoparticles in some bioapplications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, targeted drug delivery, and magnetic hyperthermia systems.

The Role of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Nanotheranostics.

Technological development is in constant progress in the oncological field. The search for new concepts and strategies for improving cancer diagnosis, treatment and outcomes constitutes a necessary and continuous process, aiming at more specificity, efficiency, safety and better quality of life of the patients throughout the treatment. Nanotechnology embraces these purposes, offering a wide armamentarium of nanosized systems with the potential to incorporate both diagnosis and therapeutic features, towards real-time monitoring of cancer treatment. Within the nanotechnology field, magnetic nanosystems stand out as complex and promising nanoparticles with magnetic properties, that enable the use of these constructs for magnetic resonance imaging and thermal therapy purposes. Additionally, magnetic nanoparticles can be tailored for increased specificity and reduced toxicity, and functionalized with contrast, targeting and therapeutic agents, revealing great potential as multifunctional nanoplatforms for application in cancer theranostics. This review aims at providing a comprehensive description of the current designs, characterization techniques, synthesis methods, and the role of magnetic nanoparticles as promising nanotheranostic agents. A critical appraisal of the impact, potentialities and challenges associated with each technology is also presented.

Separation of ultrafine chalcogenide particles using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and ligands with metal selectivity

The role of magnetic nanoparticles on the separation of chalcogenide fine particles from their mixture was investigated for the first time using the selective chelation property of ligands with metals. The need of the study lies in the fact that the finer sized ore particles do not respond to the conventional froth flotation technique of separation. The separation study has been carried out by synthesizing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and then using it in a model mineral mixture of ZnS and PbS added previously with a chelating ligand 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) in aqueous medium. The % of collected ZnS and PbS per mg of magnetically separated sample has been estimated as 95% and 0.28% respectively. Such kind of efficient separation has become feasible because of the fact that addition of 8-HQ induces simultaneous complexation with Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions but not with Pb2+ ions. This selective chelation has been studied by vibrational, fluorescence, XPS spectroscopic techniques and zeta potential measurements. Along with these results, controlled experiments were performed to confirm the selective chelation of 8-HQ ligands.

Magnetic covalent hybrid of graphitic carbon nitride and graphene oxide as an efficient catalyst support for immobilization of Pd nanoparticles

For the first time a magnetic carbon based hybrid catalyst, Pd@g-C3N4-Fe-GO, is prepared through covalent conjugation of magnetic graphitic carbon nitride and graphene oxide followed by incorporation of Pd nanoparticles. First, the formation of the catalyst was confirmed via XRD, TG, BET, TEM, FTIR, ICP and VSM analyses and then its catalytic activity for promoting Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions under mild reaction condition was investigated. To elucidate whether hybridization of two carbon materials could improve the catalytic activity, the catalytic activity of the catalyst was compared with the control catalysts (Pd@g-C3N4 -GO, Pd@g-C3N4-Fe, Pd@ Fe-GO, Pd@g-C3N4, Pd@GO and the GO/g-C3N4 physical hybrid). Moreover, the role of magnetic nanoparticles in the catalytic performance was confirmed. Notably, the catalytic activities of the catalyst and the control sample prepared via physical hybridization of two carbon materials were compared to confirm the effect of covalent conjugation on the catalytic activity. Moreover, the study of the substituent effect of p-substituted phenyl iodides was considered by Hammett plot, which revealed a beneficial effect of electron-withdrawing side groups for the CC coupling reaction. Finally, the recyclability of Pd@g-C3N4-Fe-GO as well as leaching of Pd and magnetic nanoparticles was studied.

Electrocatalysis By Heme Proteins and Human Liver Microsomes Bound to Magnetic Nanoparticles and Immobilized on Electrodes

To develop bioelectrodes with high catalytic efficiency in a minimal reactor volume, elegant tailoring of remarkable enzyme catalysts with nanomaterials is promising. In particular, the role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in enzyme electrocatalysis and electrochemical biosensors has received notable attention recently. Biomolecules bound to magnetic nanomaterials allow easy isolation from the bulk solution involving simple application of a magnetic field. In this study, we designed a biocatalytic system made of peroxidase-like myoglobin, as a model protein, to covalently conjugate with carboxylic acid functionalized MNPs to examine the catalytic stability, scalability, and reusability features of this bioconjugate. Application of the conjugate was effective for electrochemical reduction of organic and inorganic peroxides, and for both peroxide-mediated and electrocatalytic oxidation of the protein substrate 2, 2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with greater turnover rates and product yields than myoglobin prepared in solution or MNP alone. Enzymes are often difficult to purify and obtaining high yields for practical applications can be very challenging. Moreover, the electrocatalytic stability and achieving direct electron transfer of purified enzyme films on electrodes is another bottleneck. These challenges are even more drastic in the case of enzymes bound to phospholipid membranes. Despite these limitations, we show that drug metabolizing human liver microsomes, a rather complex enzyme matrix, can be successfully attached to MNPs and immobilized on graphite electrodes with enhanced electrocatalytic activity than microsomal film alone in converting drug into its metabolite. In summary, this presentation will focus on cost-effective development and efficient multiple uses of enzyme catalysts and microsomes for biocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and biosensing applications via magnetic nanomaterials conjugation.

The Role of Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Localization and Treatment of Breast Cancer

The role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in medical applications is rapidly developing. Advances in nanotechnology are bringing us closer to the development of dual and multifunctional nanoparticles that are challenging the traditional distinction between diagnostic and treatment agents. The current use of MNPs in breast cancer falls into four main groups: (1) imaging of primary and metastatic disease, (2) sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), (3) drug delivery systems, and (4) magnetic hyperthermia. The current evidence for the use of MNPs in these fields is mounting, and potential cutting-edge clinical applications, particularly with relevance to the fields of breast oncological surgery, are emerging.

Natural Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded zinc–tellurite glasses: Polarizability and optical properties

Modifying the optical behavior of zinc–tellurite glass by embedding magnetic nanoparticles has implication in nanophotonics. A series of zinc–tellurite glasses containing natural Fe3O4 nanoparticles with composition (80 − x)TeO2·xFe3O4·20ZnO (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) in mol% are synthesized by melt quenching method and their optical properties are investigated using FTIR and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopies. Lorentz–Lorenz relations are exploited to determine the refractive index, molar refraction and electronic polarizability. The sharp absorption peaks of FTIR spectra show a shift from 667 cm−1 to 671 cm−1 in the presence of nanoparticles that increase the non-bridging oxygen, confirmed by the intensity change of the TeO3 peak at 752 cm−1. A new peak around 461 cm−1 is also observed which is attributed to the band characteristic of covalent Fe–O linkages. A decrease in the Urbach energy as much as 0.122 eV and the optical energy band gap with the increase of Fe3O4 concentration (0.5–1.0 mol%) is evidenced. Electronic polarizability of the glasses increases with increasing Fe3O4 nanoparticles concentration up to 1 mol%. Interestingly, the polarizability tends to decrease with the further increase of Fe3O4 concentration at 2 mol%. The role of magnetic nanoparticles in influencing the structural and optical behavior are examined and understood.

ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNP) as Reducing Agents in an MNP‐Supported Pd—Catalyst for the Reductive Homocoupling of Aryl Halides.

AbstractThe catalyst exhibits good activity in the synthesis of compounds (II).

The role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as reducing agents in an MNP-supported Pd–catalyst for the reductive homocoupling of aryl halides

A palladium pincer catalyst grafted onto the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been developed. This material effectively catalyzes the reductive homocoupling of various aryl halide substrates, with the MNP support acting as the reducing agent. The catalyst can be recycled up to five times in the absence of additional reducing agent to give almost quantitative yields of biaryl homocoupling products. After the reducing power of the MNP has been depleted, the supported Pd complex remains an effective catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling.