Emerging Trends in Targeted Magnetic Nanoparticle Imaging for Precision Medicine in Oncology

Abstract

In cancer care's dynamic landscape, targeted imaging is pivotal for advancing precision medicine. This review focuses on the role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), in personalized diagnostics and treatments for oncology. Current trends and future directions in MNP imaging, addressing challenges like biocompatibility, toxicity, and regulatory considerations, are discussed. The review explores MIONPs' theranostic potential, especially in brain drug delivery monitoring through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Variousnanoparticle types, including SPIONs as MRI contrast agents, are highlighted. The article covers challenges in nanoparticle modification, including methoxy- polyethylene glycol (mPEG), and discusses gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for photoacoustic imaging, as well as insights into fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The conclusion emphasizes rapid and accurate tumoridentification, introduces carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for cancer therapy and diagnosis, and underscores the transformative role of lipid-based nanocarriers incancer research. The multifaceted applications of nanotechnology in cancer diagnostics and treatment are discussed throughout, showcasing a paradigm shift.Crucial challenges in unlocking nanotechnology's full potential in cancer care, such as safety concerns, robust clinical trials, synthesis methods standardization, regulatory approval, biodegradability, tailoring nanotherapies, economic viability, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary collaboration, are addressed. Addressing these challenges holds the promise of elevating nanotechnology into a potent force in the ongoing battle against cancer.