Role Of International Organizations Research Articles

Bioethics and human rights: international legal regulation and the role of international organizations

The article deals with general debatable issues in the field of bioethics and bioethical law, discusses the guidelines of international organizations on the appointment, principles of organization and functioning of ethical committees on bioethics of various types. Short research includes a legal analysis of the activities of international organizations on issues of protection of human rights in the field of biomedical research. Analyzed and proposed сclassification of bioethics ethics committees according to the level at which they operate, according to the tasks to be solved, according to the level of coverage (national, regional, local), the degree of development of bioethics ethics committees in the Republic of Moldova. The role of international non-governmental organizations in the regulation of bioethical issues.

Civil Aviation Policies and Practices in Turkey in a Global Context Through Sustainable Aviation

AbstractThe negative environmental effects of global civil aviation growth since the 19th century lead to the emergence of the “sustainable aviation” concept. This study aims to determine the current status of sustainability discussions in developing Turkish civil aviation and its alignment with global sustainable aviation policies. The research data are collected through document analysis and key expert interviews. Document analysis is to review reports on sustainable aviation and to compare two cases of AirFrance‐KLM and Turkish Airlines. Semi‐structured interviews are conducted with key experts from airline companies, public institutions, and subsidiary services in the Turkish aviation sector. The analysis results are presented under the themes of “institutional, conceptual, Turkey's current situation, motivations, role of international organizations, cooperation and coordination, problems and obstacles.” The results show that the Turkish civil aviation industry is enthusiastic about catching up with international standards and is successful in keeping up with the latest technologies. The private sector is leading the sector by targeting global competitiveness. Current deficiencies stem from legislation, incentives, obligations, resources, and environmental awareness. The main contribution is to be the first source and guide for future studies that aim to shed light on policymaking in Turkey as an emerging country case.

Role of International Organizations in Conflicts of the Powers: Case Study in US-China Trade War and Ukraine-Russian War

This work examines the capability of international organizations to maintain international order. Recent conflicts between the great powers that have attracted international attention illustrate the ineffectiveness of international organizations in coordinating international relations and resolving international disputes. This paper also proposes viable reform methods for critical international organizations based on the US-China trade and the Russian-Ukraine conflict. Regarding a trade war, the article evaluates the functions of the G20 during the US-China trade war and recommends the G20 focus on its actions and consensus consistency. In the case of military conflict, the article highlights the enhanced responsibility of the UN Security Council. It assesses the methods to strengthen its legitimacy by improving its ability to resolve disputes regarding international security. This studys suggestions for improvements in international organizations can help future researchers better analyze the role of international institutions in regulating great powers and the importance of global governance.

The Role of International Organizations in Addressing Humanitarian Crisis: A Comparative Analysis

This comparative investigation analyzes the part of universal organizations intending to help emergencies during the period from 2018 to 2020. Through an examination of different cases thinks about and reports, the ponder assesses the viability and inadequacies of universal organizations such as the Joined together Countries, Universal Ruddy Cross and Ruddy Bow Development, Médecins Sans Frontières, and others in reacting to emergencies around the world. By comparing their approaches, methodologies, and results over distinctive settings, this thinks about looking to distinguish designs, challenges, and best hones in compassionate mediation. The investigation investigates components such as coordination instruments, asset assignment, political elements, and nearby engagement to survey the general effect of worldwide organizations in moderating the impacts of emergencies and supporting influenced populaces. Experiences drawn from this investigation point to advise arrangement suggestions and move forward future compassionate reactions.

The Century of Türkiye: A New Foreign Policy Vision for Building the Türkiye Axis

On the centenary of the Turkish Republic, President Erdoğan, who has been ruling Türkiye for the last two decades, has announced a new perspective on foreign policy for Türkiye’s second century. He has named the long-term foreign policy vision as the ‘Century of Türkiye’ and declared his determination for building a ‘Türkiye Axis.’ After a fierce struggle against both domestic and international tutelage, President Erdoğan has succeeded to attain autonomy in Turkish foreign policy. Ankara has built a powerful economy and increased its military capacity at the national level. Also, it has improved its relations with both Turkic and Muslim countries and begun to take initiatives and to play a leadership role at the regional level. Furthermore, Türkiye has diversified its relations with other actor and elevated its status at the global level. Within this perspective, it has begun to contribute to resolving global challenges and to play an influential role in international organizations. This article will provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolving foreign policy of Türkiye in recent years. It will delve deep into the shifts and transformations that have taken place and explore the underlying principles and objectives that define Türkiye’s new foreign policy vision, the Century of Türkiye.

The Development of International Law in the Age of Globalization: Challenges and Opportunities

This journal article aims to analyze the development of international law in the era of globalization, with emphasis on the challenges and opportunities it faces. In this context, it is necessary to consider various aspects, including global power dynamics, the role of international organizations, and the role of states in safeguarding their national interests. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature review approach. Literature review is a systematic, explicit and reproducible method for identifying, evaluating and synthesizing research works and thoughts that have been produced by researchers and practitioners. The results of this study conclude that in this increasingly connected and complex context, international law plays an important role in regulating relations between states and resolving disputes at the global level. However, global power dynamics, the role of international organizations, and global environmental protection are the main challenges that must be faced in the development of international law.

Protection of specific groups of persons at the un level and within the regional human rights protection systems

The issue of human rights protection has become one of the leading topics of scientific discussions. In jurisprudence, guarantees of inalienable rights and tools for their protection have been widely covered. At the same time, there is a need for a more in-depth analysis of certain problematic issues, one of which may be the problem of international legal protection of certain groups of persons. This study is based on the main acts of international law in the field of human rights. At the same time, attention should be paid to the lack of scientific analysis of systems of international legal protection of the rights of special groups of persons at the regional and global level.The purpose of this publication was to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the system of international legal protection of human rights of certain groups of people at the global (UN system) and regional level.Today’s crisis phenomena focus the attention of scientists on the need for further improvement of both the regional and global system of human rights protection. The role of international organizations and civil society in solving global problems of maintaining international peace and security, environmental protection, human rights and democracy in the implementation of the sustainable development program has significantly increased. In the light of the new requirements, the legal base and codification of the norms of international law have significantly expanded. All these factors determined a more detailed coverage of the content of the branches of international law, the interaction of their norms with the norms of domestic law, implementation in the practice of states and international organizations.International legal documents in the field of protection of certain groups at the UN and regional level will be constantly reviewed and improved. The advantage of regional norms and systems for the protection of human rights is that they are created taking into account geographical, historical, political, cultural and social characteristics.

Beating the Odds: Women’s Leadership in International Organizations

AbstractDespite gains at lower levels, women have made limited inroads into leadership roles in international organizations. Using a novel data set of both nominees and selected heads of 129 international organizations, we uncover several empirical patterns. Women’s representation at the highest levels remains far below parity but has been improving steadily since the 1990s. One caveat is that this improvement has only occurred in a subset of institutions, which suggests a concentration of women leaders. Based on the available data, we examine whether the appointment of a woman leader impacts equality in the institution’s overall staffing profile. We find that such changes occur only once there is a history of appointing women. We also look at the nominations process and find that when women are included in the nominee pool, they tend to be selected, although often they are absent. Our analysis contributes much-needed data to the broader literature on leadership in international organizations and introduces a new data set with a range of other potential applications.

CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPLEMENTING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN UZBEKISTAN

The article outlines the techniques of introducing inclusive educational institutions and preparing future teachers for inclusive education. The essence, objectives and principles of inclusive education of special needs children and adolescents need inclusive education, the role of international organizations in implementing this form of education.

Energetska pravda u razvoju elektromobilnosti - pravo EU i pravo ASEAN u komparativnom kontekstu

To counteract climate change, various states have adopted innovative laws and solutions. Electromobility as a climate policy is one of the solutions that can contribute to reducing carbon emissions. Furthermore, international organisations such as the European Union (EU) have encouraged member states to develop an electric mobility ecosystem. Moreover, as one of the EU partner organisations, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has encouraged member states to adopt similar laws and policies in electromobility innovations. This study examined the EU and ASEAN legal innovations that developed electromobility ecosystems in the context of energy justice comparisons. This paper argues that adopting the principle of energy justice in EU and ASEAN law is highly dependent on the function and role of international organisations in lawmaking. As a climate policy innovation, electromobility is closely related to energy justice for the public. Therefore, analysing the functions and roles of international organisations such as the EU and ASEAN is crucial. The study examined the legal framework adopted by the EU and ASEAN to create an electromobility ecosystem. The purpose of the study was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the role and function of lawmaking in international organisations supporting climate policy and contributing to the achievement of energy justice.

Role of International Organisations in Awareness and Promotion of Open Educational Resources

Role of International Organisations in Awareness and Promotion of Open Educational Resources

Israel’s Geopolitical Strategy: Strategic Partnership, Territorial Disputes and International Support

This study delves into Israel's geopolitical strategy, with a particular focus on its strategic partnership, territorial disputes, and international support in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict within the broader context of Middle East geopolitics. Israel, as a pivotal player in the Middle East, wields significant influence over regional stability and international politics. First, we examine the robust cooperation between Israel and the United States, a crucial alliance spanning political, military, and intelligence domains. This partnership not only bolsters Israel's national defense but also holds considerable sway in Middle East geopolitics. Next, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the territorial disputes, particularly in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, which constitute the heart of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. These disputes have intricate geopolitical implications and require international intervention, encompassing political and legal dimensions. Lastly, we concentrate on Israel's geopolitical standing on the global stage, emphasizing the influence of the United States and the role of international organizations. U.S. support significantly shapes Israel's international relations, while international entities play pivotal roles in resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. In essence, this study seeks to provide profound insights into Israel's geopolitical strategy and its profound impact on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the broader Middle East geopolitical landscape. By dissecting these critical elements, we aim to offer valuable perspectives and references for the resolution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the advancement of peace and stability in the Middle East.

VOLUNTEERING: ANALYSIS OF THE REGULATORY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

Volunteering as a social phenomenon has been widely discussed by scientists and specialists over the past few years. International documents proclaim the equality of citizens’ rights to participate in volunteer activities, and also emphasize the need to strengthen the volunteer movement in all countries of the world. However, there are difficulties in a single comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of “volunteering”. The article analyzes the activities of international organizations regulating volunteer work. The analysis of modern legislation after the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation is carried out, and the possible consequences for the development of the social institution of “volunteering” in modern society are described.
 Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the modern comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of “volunteering”, the activities of international organizations in the development of volunteering and modern Russian legislation on volunteering.
 Methodology. The main research method was the content analysis of Russian and foreign literature on volunteering and regulatory documents (official websites of the UN, UNDP, federal authorities). To achieve the goal of the study, the methodology of system analysis was used.
 Results. The results of the work showed that volunteering is understood as a form of social service, carried out according to the free will of citizens, aimed at the disinterested provision of socially significant services at the local, national or international levels, contributing to personal growth and development of citizens (volunteers) performing this activity. The role of International Organizations is important in consolidating efforts in promoting volunteering. National governments and public institutions should work closely with voluntary organizations in setting common priorities for the development of the world. The state has recognized the importance of volunteering in its legal acts. Effective implementation of the socio-economic development of Russia is possible in partnership with civil institutions, including volunteers. Modern social challenges (pandemic COVID-19, fires, floods, etc.) reinforce and emphasize the importance of volunteering.
 Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of social and youth policy.

Peran ASEAN dalam Menghadapi Isu Pelanggaran HAM Pasca Kudeta Militer di Myanmar Tahun 2021

The background of this research The background of this research is the military coup in Myanmar in 2021, military coup occurred because of allegations of corruption and election fraud Myanmar in 2020 won by National League for Democracy. Myanmar’s people refuse the coup by doing a demonstration to government and new policies, but Tatmadaw reactionto rejection of the coup resulted a human Rights violations, many victims were killed, violence against society, and violate individual rights. This case raises the issue of human rights violations was conducted by Myanmar post military coup, ASEAN as regional organization in Southeast Asia have the authority to give a response on the issue of human rights violations in Myanmar post military coup. This research used qualitative-descriptive method with liberalism institutionalism and role of international organizations, in this research was conducted to describe the role of ASEAN in resolve the issue of human rights violations in Myanmar post military coup. The result of this research show ASEAN’s role as a communication and cooperation tool to raise this issue in ASEAN’s forum, ASEAN as a platform to generate of five point consensus as a positive solution for Myanmar, and ASEAN as administration platform in promoting realization of five point consensus. All forms of ASEAN’s action in 2021 until 2022 is a part of ASEAN effort to resolve human rights violations in Myanmar post military coup.

Досвід повоєнної відбудови та євроінтеграції Хорватії

The article summarizes the factors of the successful post-war recovery of the Republic of Croatia. The author characterizes the process of peaceful reintegration of territories and the role of international organizations in this process. There were identified models of reconstruction of the territories that were under occupation, which needed institutional and financial state support in the return of refugees and activation of entrepreneurship. The stages and features of reforming public administration and state institutions are highlighted. The reasons for the constitutional reform and the consequences of the implementation of the administrative-territorial reform in Croatia are revealed. The process of political democratization and liberalization of the economy is analyzed. The author also clarifies the characteristic features of the modernization of the law enforcement, judicial and anti-corruption systems, which became the key to the inflow of investments, economic growth, European and Euro-Atlantic integration. A governmental and parliamentary structure with appropriate powers was identified, which coordinated the country's European integration efforts. The author is arguing that the post-war recovery in Croatia manifested itself not only in the reconstruction of the infrastructure, but was also accompanied by a complex of institutional changes, which ultimately made it possible to significantly reduce the level of corruption, improve the quality of management decisions, and develop a strategy and priorities for the country's long-term development.

‘Illiberal Peace’: Oxymoron, Political Necessity, or Old Wine in a New Bottle

Abstract With growing multipolarity and geopolitical polarization, the role of international organizations as third-party actors within the framework of liberal peace, has been steadily declining over the past two decades. The most recent spike in armed conflict since 2014 has not been accompanied by an associated increase in peace agreements and negotiated settlements, as was the case in the 1990s. Considering the undersupply of conflict management by international organizations, the role of state actors in third-party roles has grown, often with weak normative support and commitment to nonviolent conflict management. This has often legitimized the use of violence as a strategy of coercive kinetic diplomacy. Drawing from historical analyses of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, this article examines the question as to whether the current period of growing illiberalism in peacebuilding is historically anachronistic. It introduces a framework of analysis and engages in concept development to understand and operationalize “illiberality of peacebuilding.”

At the intersection of language, conflict, and security

AbstractWhile conflicts involving language are always intertwined with other issues such as ethnic and racial identity, religion, and democratic participation, the importance of the linguistic dimension is often underestimated, along with the difficulties of achieving effective, just and sustainable solutions through language legislation and policy. Language policies have political and social consequences; they can reinforce or diffuse conflicts and social unrest between language groups, they can accelerate language loss or facilitate language revitalization, and they can be instruments of inclusion or exclusion affecting the stability and security of the society. Against this background, this Special Issue aims to shed light on how language diversity impacts conflict and security. In particular, the SI will look at how issues revolving around language diversity interplay with security concerns and which dynamics trigger processes of securitization of language issues. How to balance language diversity to prevent conflict and promote security of linguistic majorities and minorities? How to reconcile the demands for linguistic diversity and political stability and unity? What is the role of international organizations in these processes? And how can the risk of the essentialization of linguistic communities and minority cultures leading to the division of societies into us-versus-them antagonisms thereby be overcome?

The Role of International Organizations in the Mediterranean Sea: An Appraisal of the Union for the Mediterranean

Abstract The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) is the international entity that brings together all States of Southern and Eastern Mediterranean shores, all Member States of the European Union and the European Union itself. The UfM is currently the only forum where all States of the Mediterranean basin carry out a form of international cooperation to foster economic development and regional integration. It has undergone a significant institutional development since the creation of the Barcelona Process in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership in 1995. Despite its uniqueness, the UfM has received very limited attention by international law scholarship. The article aims at filling this gap by exploring the historical evolution along with the features and the functions of the UfM. The analysis will be undertaken in the purview of institutional law to verify whether the UfM can be considered an international organization or rather an informal partnership of States. The study will also discuss whether this entity could promote a form of “Mediterranean regionalism” or if the UfM would serve as a mere projection of the interests of the European Union over the Mediterranean Sea.

State and the Commodification of Natural Resources: A Framework of Analysis

The commodification of nature and framing of the environment as natural resources have become increasingly prominent in international environmental governance discuss because most natural resources are traded through organised commodity exchanges. The result the depletion of natural resources with the attendant negative impact on the environment and the poor. Commodification has brought about the framing of the environment as a ‘natural resource’ and has become increasingly prominent in international environmental governance. The role of international organisations like the World Bank, United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) through Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) and its adoption by the Convention on Biological Conservation are indications of the concepts wide-ranging appeal. This paper sees commodification and the role of different actors as putting a price on nature’s goods in the form of species banking and conservation finance as a strategy for solving a range of environmental problems from climate change to deforestation. The paper concluded that commodification should be seen as an approach to bringing ethics into natural resources management, capable of generating incentives that are required to guide people towards ethical use of natural resources to the advantage of all.

The Role of International Organizations in Handling Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The spread of the Covid-19 virus after being designated as a pandemic by the WHO (World Health Organization) in early 2020 had a negative impact on the sustainability of life in the world. The hampering of activities due to lockdown policies to break the chain of transmission of the virus, paralyzed the movement of the world economy.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to find out the development of handling the Covid-19 virus as a pandemic and the role of WHO as an international health organization in equalizing vaccine availability.Methods of the Research: Normative juridical approach method with a statute approach, a historical approach and an analytical approach.Results of the Research: That as an effort to address inequality of access and distribution of Covid-19 vaccines between poor and rich countries, WHO formed a cooperation forum with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), Vaccine Alliance, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and UNICEF namely Covid-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) which has set up a pricing mechanism for rich countries to pay a requisite fees as a form of subsidize to poor countries.