Role Of Ideology Research Articles

Basil I’s Path to Power according to the Vita Basilii as a Heroic Myth

This paper aims to illustrate how the tradition of Basil I’s rise to power in the Vita Basilii includes elements typical of heroic myths, according to Joseph Campbell’s monomyth scheme. The study presented here will examine how the narrative contains features such as a call to adventure, a series of trials and a motive for return. Moreover, the study seeks to investigate how these universal elements of hero stories have been mythicised by literary devices such as the topoi, text composition, intertextual references or symbolic content coherent with the perception of the ideological role of the Byzantine rulers. Within this framework, the study will aim to explore the morphology of these narratives and reconsider some historical questions with the help of Mircea Eliade’s theory of myth. It will focus on the identity and legitimising functions of the story for Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus and assess its impact on the position of the Macedonian dynasty in the social order and the sphere of political activity.

Bad apples or rotten orchards? Public attitudes of interactions with police and the role of political ideology

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the ideological gaps across a range of policing interactions with the public.Design/methodology/approachIn a survey distributed via Mechanical Turk (MTurk) (n = 979), the authors explore the role that respondents' political ideology plays in the agreement of 13 aspects of policing services, their demeanor and decorum.FindingsAttitudes toward policing interactions are slightly positive. Conservatives steadfastly hold positive attitudes about police. Liberals vacillate from negative to positive attitudes across the 13 policing interaction statements.Social implicationsAlthough small, there is an ideological consensus that police adequately protect citizens and are knowledgeable about the law.Originality/valueEven at record lows of public confidence in the police, some subsections of the sample, such as conservatives, firmly hold positive attitudes about police. The unwavering support for police by conservatives continues across the multi-item measure of policing interactions, whereas liberals illustrated less uniformity in their attitudes.

Legal Tech, the Law Firm and the Imagination of the Right Legal Answer

Legal tech is growing, and its growth provokes anxieties about the future of the legal profession as such. In this article, we examine the impact of legal tech on the central role of lawyers at law firms in crafting an imagined ‘right legal answer’ by drawing on Duncan Kennedy’s suggestion that a claim to the rightness of one’s legal propositions is a central characteristic of the legal profession. We first ask how changes in the organisation of legal services affect the ability of lawyers at law firms to produce that ‘right legal answer’. While legal tech only exacerbates already ongoing processes of eradication of routine tasks, we find that it continues to mask the role of ideology in arriving at a right legal answer under a new layer of technological projection. Second, we ask how lawyers’ ability to produce ‘the right legal answer’ is affected by, first, expert systems and, second, a legal tech application named Bryter, representing a no-code system. We find that expert systems do not permit to uphold the unity of the lawyer required for Kennedy’s model of the right legal answer, but that no-code systems as Bryter do so. No-code systems can be reduced to a slogan: Have the lawyer, but evict her ideological temptations more efficiently than before!

The Costs of Polarizing a Pandemic: Antecedents, Consequences, and Lessons

Polarization has been rising in the United States of America for the past few decades and now poses a significant—and growing—public-health risk. One of the signature features of the American response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been the degree to which perceptions of risk and willingness to follow public-health recommendations have been politically polarized. Although COVID-19 has proven more lethal than any war or public-health crisis in American history, the deadly consequences of the pandemic were exacerbated by polarization. We review research detailing how every phase of the COVID-19 pandemic has been polarized, including judgments of risk, spatial distancing, mask wearing, and vaccination. We describe the role of political ideology, partisan identity, leadership, misinformation, and mass communication in this public-health crisis. We then assess the overall impact of polarization on infections, illness, and mortality during the pandemic; offer a psychological analysis of key policy questions; and identify a set of future research questions for scholars and policy experts. Our analysis suggests that the catastrophic death toll in the United States was largely preventable and due, in large part, to the polarization of the pandemic. Finally, we discuss implications for public policy to help avoid the same deadly mistakes in future public-health crises.

Information Seeking and Avoidance in the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Function of Political Ideology and National Context: A Survey Comparing the US and Germany

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic sparked a globally heightened need for scientific information. At the same time, the abundance of information led to tendencies of media fatigue and information avoidance. Both information seeking and avoidance are embedded in a specific national context, in which conditions of and measures against the pandemic may differ dramatically. In addition, the pandemic quickly became entangled with political ideology. Using the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model (RISP) as a theoretical background, we investigate the role of national context and political ideology for information seeking and avoidance in a comparative survey in the U.S. and Germany during the early phase of the pandemic. Results show that the factors predicting information behavior are effective in both countries with only few differences: In both countries, perceived hazard characteristics, information norms and perceived information gathering capacity were related to higher information seeking and lower information avoidance. Ideology too is an important influence: Right-leaning ideology was associated with lower levels of information norms in both countries; but only in the US was right-leaning ideology connected to less perceived hazard characteristics and less negative affective responses. Results are discussed regarding their implications for the RISP model.

“The ideology becomes a way to make sense of that disconnection”: Beliefs, behaviour and belonging – does ideology matter in countering violent extremism?

ABSTRACT The role of ideology in driving radicalisation to violent extremism is a more multifaceted and contested question than it may at first appear. While various explanatory models of radicalisation do suggest that ideology is an important precursor to the use of violence, other research has warned of various potential risks associated with focusing on the ideas in an individual’s mind, rather than the actions they carry out. This article engages with such complexities regarding the issue of ideology, drawing from interviews with twelve Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) practitioners based in various states and territories of Australia. Our focus is on their conceptual insights and working practices regarding the role of ideology in radicalisation to violent extremism, placing these in the context of existing literature, debates and other front-line experiences to explore whether, and in what ways, ideology matters for CVE efforts.

Climate change, counter-terrorism and capitalist development in Somalia

ABSTRACT Somalia is often referred to as a ‘failed state’. In addition to ineffective governance, feeble economic development, and a large anti-government insurgency, it faces increasingly severe climate change-induced devastation. This article offers a critical discussion of the role of capitalist interests and ideology as a factor in the climate crisis. It explores interlocking issues of (1) the relationship between the ruling political class of Somalia and capitalist mining interests; (2) the largely covert US-backed ‘war on terror’ in Somalia; and (3) the ongoing, capitalism-induced climate crisis. The article analyses current US and Somali proposals to address these issues. Many of these proposals remain trapped in the politico-ideological deadlock of capitalist developmentalism, oriented towards fossil fuel extraction and militarised accumulation. The trajectory of this current path in Somalia is leading to immiseration, oppression, displacement for millions of people, and the destruction of an already deteriorating environment. Alternative paths to avert these catastrophes require transnational solidarity, cooperation and assistance.

Was the UK Government’s Policymaking ‘Evidence-Based’ During the Pandemic? Reflections on Science and Politics

At face value, it could be argued that, during the pandemic, UK Government policymaking (like that in some other countries) came close to being evidence-based, in the sense that it drew on virological and epidemiological evidence about the spread of the virus, as well as on a broader range of scientific evidence about what measures were likely to be successful in dealing with it. I consider what this case can tell us about the complexities and limits of evidence-based policymaking, and about the conditions required if closer approximation to a model of rational decision-making drawing on scientific evidence is to be achieved. In particular, I examine: problems caused by uncertainties surrounding scientific evidence and advice; issues to do with the channels of communication by which scientific information reached policymakers; the fuzzy interface between evidence and grounds for policy action; and the contextual factors that affected both its reception and its production – in particular, the role of interests and ideology.

Mearsheimer, John J. 2018. Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. xiv, 313 pp. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300240535

The book comparatively analyzes the features of liberal hegemony, when the liberal international order strengthened after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the United States and Western European countries took the position of hegemony in world politics. While the economic dimensions of the liberal world order may be acceptable to all, its political component, as an instrument of the democratic world, is trying to serve the purpose of consolidating the world. It is important that the discourse about the liberal world order takes place during times of conflict, crisis and war, influencing the transformation of the modern world order.
 The political elites of the liberal world order in the era of liberal hegemony must keep in mind that for the diverse authoritarian and democratic blocs of countries, it is necessary to protect the resilience of the international order and law. In accordance with the author’s concept of political liberalism, it is interpreted broadly and as a unity of the spiritual, social and political forms of its being. Therefore, its essence unfolds through a consistent analysis of the ideological, social and political space, which makes it possible to form an adequate idea of the role of liberal ideology and liberal international politics in the social and political process.

Questions of the legal limit in public law

Public legal relations, especially those related to finance, are a developing and complex group of public relations with a long history. All over the world, there is a continuous process of modernization of legislation, the establishment of new rights and obligations of participants in public relations, the formation or abolition of prohibitions, restrictions, permits. Legal regulation mechanisms are also being improved in the world. Society has always had a need for a stable existence, a harmonious and happy life, which the state should provide. Without understanding the clear boundaries of the rights and duties of each individual, associations of citizens and the state as a whole, it is impossible to build a balance between private and public interests. The purpose of the research is a historical, philosophical, political and legal analysis of the category of "legal limit" in public law. Despite the large amount of fundamental research in science, there is no formed concept of the legal limit in public law in general, and in financial law in particular. In the course of the research, the author uses a different methodology. In particular, the historical method allowed us to establish the specifics of the development of limits and limitations as various states develop. The comparative method served as the basis for the analysis of paired or opposed categories: limit and limitation, justice and injustice, certainty and uncertainty, permissibility and prohibition, etc.Special attention is paid to the theory of public and private law, the aspects of the balance of private and public interests, as well as the boundaries defining these interests, are investigated. The article pays attention to legal principles and legal regimes. In the historical context, the correlation of the limits of the rights of the state and society in relation to each other is analyzed. The issue of legal limitsin certain types of financial relations comes to the fore. The conclusion is formulated about the instability of legal limits in public law and the role of political ideologies that change the legal traditions of society. The need of society for stability and confidence in its state, guarantees of legality and clear legal boundaries, objectively built on a fair basis, issubstantiated.The author also concludes that the limit in public law is a unique entity and can be considered as an independent stable category, and can act as a unique and universal tool, helping to reveal the meanings of other legal categories. The article emphasizes that oppositions form an important basis for understanding the essence of legal limits.There has always been and continues to be a need in society to eliminate injustice, and the uncertain legal limits only reinforce it. That is why certainty is an important component of legislation. Speaking, for example, about the principle of certainty of taxation existing in tax law, one should agree with the words of A. Smith, who emphasized in his writings that uncertainty of taxation is a greater evil than unevenness.Thus, in conditions of large-scale economic and political challenges, clear boundaries of a public-legal and private-legal nature should be built for the harmonization of public life.

Dispositional authenticity, facilitativeness, femininity ideology, and dyadic relationship functioning in opposite‐gender couples: Actor‐partner interdependence analysis

AbstractThis prospective study examined (a) the mediating roles of Carl Rogers' facilitative interpersonal conditions (i.e., genuineness, empathic understanding, and unconditional positive regard) and (b) the moderating roles of femininity ideology in the association between dispositional authenticity and dyadic relationship functioning using a dyadic approach. Participants, 239 opposite‐gender couples, completed the Authenticity Scale, Barrett‐Lennard Relationship Inventory:mini, Femininity Ideology Scale, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale in two separate phases. Longitudinal data were analyzed using the actor‐partner interdependence (mediation/moderation) model within a structural equation modelling framework. Perceived facilitativeness served as a mediator, channelling the positive associations from dispositional authenticity to dyadic relationship functioning, at both interpersonal and intrapersonal levels. Additionally, femininity ideology emerged as a moderator, influencing the relationships between dispositional authenticity and dyadic relationship functioning in both contexts. These findings underscore the significance of embracing authenticity and transcending traditional femininity ideologies for opposite‐gender partners to thrive cohesively as a dyad. The implications of these findings and avenues for future research are further discussed.

In or out? Citizenship outcomes of working sexual and gender minority people of Canada

AbstractDespite the greater visibility of sexual and gender minorities, due to data limitations, the quantitative literature on their citizenship outcomes is very limited. Using a large original survey of Canadian sexual and gender minorities and the Canadian General Social Survey, this article first examines the extent of political inclusion of sexual and gender minorities, as measured by sense of belonging to Canada and the province of residence, likelihood of voting, and confidence in the police and the justice system. Sexual and gender minorities are generally found to have a markedly weaker sense of belonging to Canada and confidence in its institutions. Next, these patterns are re‐examined accounting for the degree of outness. The results indicate considerable discrepancies across sexual and gender minorities in how outness affects their citizenship outcomes. In particular, it seems that the sociopolitical profile of these groups plays an important mediating role in the effects of outness on their citizenship outcomes.Related ArticlesBurnett, Craig M., and Aaron S. King. 2015. “The Personal Politics of Same‐Sex Marriage.” Politics & Policy 43(4): 586–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12126.Lewis, Gregory B., Marc A. Rogers, and Kenneth Sherrill. 2011. “Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Voters in the 2000 US Presidential Election.” Politics & Policy 39(5): 655–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00315.x.Winburn, Jonathan, and Amanda Winburn. 2020. “The Role of Political Ideology in Public Opinion toward Enumerated Antibullying Policies in Public Schools.” Politics & Policy 48(3): 442–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12355.

THE IDEOLOGICAL RESONANCE OF RADICALIZATION AND EXTREMISM: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

Ideology has always exercised a role in constructing or deconstructing narratives of societies such as Pakistan. Pakistan’s society has been radicalized in recent years, with religious intolerance leading to terrorism and violent extremism. This research examines factors surrounding radicalization, violent extremism, and terrorism. Essentially, this study aims to answer how Pakistan has become a radical society. Moreover, what role ideology played in the radicalization of Pakistani society? The authors investigated the role of Jihad-based ideology, first from a local perspective and then from a global perspective, in testing the hypothesis. The authors use secondary sources to analyze the study. The study applies process tracing research method to develop a casual mechanism between the dependent variable of radicalization and the independent variable of Religious ideology. Pakistan has been chosen as a case study to display the ideological resonance of Jihad.

Politics as a Spectacle: The Role of Advertising and Physical Image in Visualizing a Political Candidate as Merchandise and Their Impact on Voting Intentions

Advertising no longer describes objects but can impose on Society the obligation to consume whatever is produced. In this way, political advertising has become more commercial, bringing new ways of doing politics where advertising strategies achieve an adapted policy. New advertising strategies have turned the political process into a spectacle encouraging new political behaviour. Through the Society of the Spectacle and the Visual Frame, this quantitative study analysed how advertising uses the physical image of a political candidate as the merchandise that voters acquire as a force of social relationships. In addition, this study is novel in exploring the role of political ideology as a moderating variable that may dampen the effects between image advertising and voting intention. With 582 participants in an electronic survey analysed through PLS-SEM, the study reflects that, during the spectacle process, the political candidate can generate relationships, value and satisfaction through their physical attributes. It enables a purchase through the vote since, once the perception is manifested, the frame is accepted, leading the voter to make non-objective decisions. This research contributes new knowledge to the Spectacle Society and Visual Frame theory by providing a new way of analyzing political candidates and how advertising activates political behaviour.

Big five personality and COVID‐19 beliefs, behaviors, and vaccine intentions: The mediating role of political ideology

AbstractBecause personal health decisions can impact the health of the broader community, researchers have increasingly sought to understand the psychological bases for different responses to public health communications and prescriptions. We contribute to this literature in two ways. First, we analyze the relationship between Big Five personality traits and three critical beliefs and behaviors in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. These are vaccine hesitancy, engagement in risky (vs. self‐protective) pandemic social behaviors, and conspiratorial beliefs surrounding the origins, consequences, and public health response to COVID‐19. Second, we draw on theory from political psychology to model the joint effects of personality and ideology. Our analysis of two American samples (MTurk = 510; Representative = 441) indicated that political liberalism mediated the relationship between Openness and COVID‐related attitudes and behaviors.

Exploring ideological differences in Taiwanese perceptions of cross-strait relations

This is an exploratory research that seeks to investigate how ideology predicts Taiwanese perceptions of cross-strait relations, including attitudes toward Taiwan independence, perceptions of mainland China and Chinese people, Chinese invasion of Taiwan, and Chinese democracy. We took an inductive approach to left-right differences in Taiwan to offer a more systematic empirical understanding of ideology beyond the West. To do so, we conducted a nationally representative survey among adult Taiwan citizens (N = 1,350). Findings revealed that those who identified with the Left (vs. Right) tended to demonstrate more negative perceptions of cross-strait relations. Specifically, the political left is more negative about the outlook of Chinese democracy while favoring Taiwan independence, than the political right. Furthermore, the political left perceives both mainland China and the Chinese people more negatively than the political right. These findings underscore the role of ideology for a full comprehension of cross-strait relations, as they indicated a fundamental difference between the political left vs. right in terms of perceptions of cross-strait relations. The present research extends existing political psychology literature on ideology and international relations, particularly in the East Asian context.

NATIONAL-STATE IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CONFRONTATION: THE PROBLEM OF THE STABILITY OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS

The problem of national-state identity is considered as one of the pillars, along with the state, ensuring the stability of modern social systems. It is shown that the national-state identity is formed, first of all, on the basis of the commonality of spiritual values shared by the majority of members of society. These values belong, in turn, to the spheres of culture and ideology. The role of these areas is not the same. The function of culture is the accumulation and reproduction of values through the transfer from generation to generation of values as ideas of what is due and taboo, which gave advantages to the social system and its members in survival and development. Ideological values are attractive goals, a project of a social and state structure that reflects the interests of social groups. The stability of social systems and nation-states is possible provided that ideological values do not conflict with the values of culture. In modern conditions, the process of reproduction of cultural values is hampered by a number of global reasons, and these values themselves have become the object of destructive ideological influence on the part of both rival states and global elites. The role of state cultural policy and state ideologies has come to the fore in the issue of ensuring the sustainability of nation states and the corresponding social systems. In conclusion, the conditions for the effectiveness of this policy are formulated in the most general form.

What Does the Patient Need Now? Discussion of “We’re Living in a Society: Ideology and the Social Object”

In response to Eric Schwartz’s creative and timely paper, this discussion focuses on three points: First, that analytic patients of this social and cultural moment call upon us to reformulate even relatively recent understandings of—to use Stephen Mitchell’s phrase—“what the patient needs,” agreeing with Schwartz that contemporary analytic subjects are liable to be much more deeply and consistently troubled by the social realm and their places within it. Second, the concept of implication is put forward here as a way to elaborate and deepen our understanding of what is called for in the kind of intersubjective meeting that Schwartz illustrates. Third, this discussion takes up some additional considerations in applying Schwartz’s proposed adaptation of a Fairbairnian model in understanding the role of ideology in psychic structuring; concluding that in acknowledging subtle, multiple, and conflicting feelings and attachments in ourselves, we may inhabit our complex implication in ways that further the kind of responsive intersubjective engagement that our patients and our moment ask of us.

Воспитательная функция искусства в английской журналистике и литературе первой половины XVIII века

The aim of the study is to identify the features of the idea about the educational function of art as one of the leading ideals of the Enlightenment in the English periodicals and literary works of the early XVIII century. The paper defines the role of art in the iconic works of enlightenment writers, identifies the techniques of describing the educational function of art used by publicists. The scientific novelty of the study lies in actualising the role of educational ideology in a comprehensive analysis of the lexemes and techniques used to interpret the ideal of the educational function of art in the periodicals of R. Steele, J. Addison and the literary works by H. Fielding, D. Defoe carried out for the first time. As a result, it has been proved that publicists of the Enlightenment employed such techniques as creating the images of the characters embodying the best qualities of a person; using humour and satire; turning to social commentary and philosophical reflection.

Patriarchy Without Masculinity in Homa-Bay County of Kenya (1894-2022)

Purpose: The purpose of this treatise is to justify the existence of patriarchy without masculinity because of the existence of patriarchal shell as evidenced in the male failure to meet the societal expectation of a functioning masculinity. This study is premised in the pre-colonial belief that in patriarchal society men made far-reaching decisions, they were the breadwinners and wielded exclusive authority and power.
 Methodology: The study used historical research design of Gottschalk Louis to collect, verifies, and synthesizes evidence from the past to establish facts that defended the existence of patriarchy without masculinity in Homa Bay. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to identify the individuals and gender groups informants during the primary data collection. Primary data was also gathered from the National Archives to triangulate oral and secondary data. Secondary data were collected from, thesis, journal articles, books, and other publications from the internet, university, and other libraries.
 Findings: The data collected is given thematic content analysis based on study question. Primary and secondary data sources were corroborated to attain the validity and reliability of findings. The publication utilizes patriarchal theory of Robert Filmer which highlights the role of culture on gender performance roles and explains the role of patriarchal ideology in elevating men and making woman to depend on them for survival. In this study masculinity is viewed as a quality or set of habitual performed roles which were stereotypically connected with male gender as opposed to inherent in male. Contrary to the above, this study established that men still claim to have socio-economic and political entitlement in Homa Bay but the level of degeneration and reduction on the same is below expectation. Such degeneration makes patriarchy a shadow of its original reality. This premised in the study findings that there exists a widening masculine gap between the pre and postcolonial men of Homa Bay. The evidence in Homa Bay shows that most men fail to meet the societal expectation in their performances but grapple with vulnerability as they helplessly stare at the systematic loss of pre-colonial socio-economic and political patriarchal authority.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice The existence indicators of the decline of patriarchal dominance in Homa Bay such as long-life expectancy among women, high birth rate among baby girls and the socioeconomic and political degeneration, make patriarchal; theory to be rethought. This paper shows that in the pre-colonial society, there was a concept of valorized hegemonic masculinity which men strived to emulate that consequently established patriarchy. Therefore, the policy makers, governments and the non-governmental organizations should reorganize their strategies to save masculinity from extinction for the purpose of gender egalitarian societies.