Role Of Government Research Articles

Space Security and the Law of International Space Cooperation: The Need for Leadership and Coordination

In recent times space exploration and technological advancements hold prominent importance, the merger of space security and international collaboration must be paid attention too. Whereby, during the recent advancements in space technologies which include the proliferation of satellite and emergence of various space programs, the non-commercial and sustainable utilization of space must be taken care of. This paper explores and access the methodologies adopted and put into motion by nation having a well-established space program to address the difficulties faced while maintaining the space security along with ongoing space explorations. This research study will also pay emphasis towards analysing the already existing legal framework which directly governs various outer space activities, international organizations, role of governments and private industry players towards shaping of governance in outer space. In order to build trust and furthering the shared objectives in outer space and resolution of disputes among nation states, emphasis on how significant and valued international cooperation and diplomacy can prove to be. The various risks factors such as deliberate actions which are testing of anti-satellite weapons and dispersion of space debris in high volumes that the assets in space encounter are explored in this research. This study also discusses about case studies that have impacted the outer space and space explorations and other space missions positively as well as negatively in past instances. This study concludes the necessity of proactive leadership and teamwork in addressing the issue of space security and the legislation of international space cooperation. Roles of significant stakeholders, implementation of future course of actions with necessary changes to guide and provide policymakers in understanding the complexity of space reforms for peaceful utilization of outer space for both current and future human race.

Contribution of Responsive Governance to Personal Security of Crime Victims in Kenya

This study explored the critical role of responsive governance in enhancing the efficacy of victim assistance programs, with a particular focus on Kenya’s criminal justice system. By examining Kenya's low ranking on the World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index and comparing it with other nations such as the U.S., U.K., Germany, and Nigeria, the study highlights significant gaps in the protection of crime victims' rights. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study investigated how governance impacts victim support by analyzing data from surveys and interviews with victims, government officials, law enforcement, and advocacy groups in Nairobi. The research identified the key principles for successful victim support, including inclusivity, transparency, accountability, and flexibility. It underscores the need for victim-centered approaches that prioritize accessibility, empathy, respect, confidentiality, and empowerment. The findings reveal both successes and challenges in current programs, with issues such as inadequate funding and limited collaboration affecting service delivery. The study advocates for the establishment of a Victim Support Agency (VSA) in Kenya to centralize victim support, enhance transparency, and foster effective stakeholder collaboration. The study recommends a holistic, coordinated, and well-funded approach that includes continuous improvement of victim support programs to address the existing gaps and advance justice and support for crime victims.

Sumber Daya Pendukung Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Inklusi

Children with special needs need more attention in education, because they also have potential within themselves. Parents, teachers and the government are resources that are expected to support the implementation of the curriculum for children with special needs. This research seeks to explore the role of parents, schools and government in implementing the curriculum for children with special needs, as well as any weaknesses in its implementation. Data was obtained from resource room observations, interviews with school principals and special support teachers and documentation. The results of the research show that parents, schools and the government have supported the implementation of the curriculum for children with special needs well, although there are several weaknesses in its implementation. From these results it can be concluded that parents and schools play an active role in implementing the curriculum for children with special needs, while the government is still not optimal for several reasons. Therefore, government policies must be properly enforced in their implementation.

From ratings to resilience: The role and implications of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in corporate solvency

In an era marked by growing global turmoil, the strategic role of environmental finance and green investment in fostering sustainable development has never been more crucial. Particularly in regions beset by crises, enterprises find themselves at the forefront of efforts to develop resilience and stability. Leveraging insights from information effect theory and stakeholder theory, this study delves into an intricate interplay to unveil the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on corporate solvency. In particular, the study investigates how ESG considerations influence short-term and long-term solvency metrics. Utilizing data from the listed constituent enterprises of the Stock Exchange of Thailand Sustainability Index (SETTHSI) during 2015 – 2023, the findings reveal a positive correlation between ESG performance and solvency at current levels, with no significant lag effect. Further analysis suggests that higher-polluting firms exhibit a stronger correlation between ESG performance and solvency compared to their non or lower-polluting counterparts. The findings remain robust across various assessments encompassing heterogeneity analysis by implementing group regressions and testing for endogeneity using the Propensity Score Matching approach, ensuring the reliability and applicability of the results which underscores the practical significance and theoretical relevance of the study, with profound implications for long-term enterprise resilience and broader social advancement.

Impact of retail shareholders on corporate green transformation: a deep learning analysis

ABSTRACT The environmental consciousness of retail shareholders is gradually increasing, and their strong green calls may play an important role in corporate green transformation. Using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2021 as research samples, we employed a LSTM deep learning model to identify questions related to corporate green development posed by retail shareholders on interactive platforms. We investigated the impact of retail shareholders’ green calls on corporate green transformation. The results show that retail shareholders’ green calls can drive corporate green transformation. This is achieved by retail shareholders increasing the pressure perceived by management and reducing management’s short-sighted behaviour. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that when management’s reply is more positive and more readable, management is more likely to drive corporate green transformation. Moreover, when the influence of major shareholders and management is weaker, retail shareholders are more capable of exerting their role in governance. This study provides empirical evidence for retail shareholders to leverage interactive platforms for green governance.

Indigenous cultural heritage policies as a pathway for Indigenous sovereignty and the role of local governments: an example with K'ómoks First Nation, British Columbia

Indigenous cultural heritage policies as a pathway for Indigenous sovereignty and the role of local governments: an example with K'ómoks First Nation, British Columbia

The importance of institutional capacity in drinking water supply system governance: A policy evaluation from border area

In most developing countries, the equal access to clean and potable water is a major challenge faced by many communities. This research aims to evaluate water supply system governance policies as well as potential springs, constraints and problems related to the water needs of border communities. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The qualitative approach looks at policies, institutions, conflicts, and problems faced, as well as looking at data on water sources, socio-economic challenges, culture, and local wisdom. The research location was in Belu Regency, on the Indonesia-Leste Timor border. Research informants were representatives of local government, academics and the community. The problems faced are the underdevelopment of piped networks due to budget constraints, low capacity and quality of human resources, and the absence of specific regulations governing the Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM). The study area has springs spread across 11 subdistricts, with raw water potential ranging from 0.5 to 250 liters per second. Most of these water sources are good for community consumption, but some have not been optimally utilized so that they cannot be fully utilized to meet the needs of the population. The results show that SPAM management policies can be implemented to a certain extent, but have not yet run optimally because they still require capacity building and competence of the apparatus and local communities and an increase in the role of local governments to help implement central government policies in relation to assistance tasks and as a tool for deconcentration of the central government. In conclusion, the potential of raw water sources has not been fully utilized due to the challenges of infrastructure development and the limited capacity of human resources and budgets. Without good management and institutional support, communities will continue to face problems related to access to clean water.

Teaching Hospital Governance Model for Service Quality Performance: Case Study of Indonesian Central General Hospital

This study aims to investigate the effect of teaching hospital management practices on the quality performance of health services by involving elements such as hospital accreditation standards, quality management, and JCI Academic Hospital-specific standards that are indirectly connected. This study chose a survey-based quantitative approach to clinical professional students in vertical teaching hospitals under the direct management of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Six proposed hypotheses were tested by Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. The test results showed a positive influence between hospital teaching governance and hospital accreditation compliance, quality assurance and JCI Academic Hospital standards. Third, compliance with teaching hospital standards was also found to have a significant positive effect on the performance of teaching hospital service quality. Understanding the role of governance in encouraging the performance of teaching hospital service quality can help develop effective managerial strategies in achieving complete service quality for patients and clinical profession participants. This research resulted in contributions to existing practices and literature as governance modeling in dual quality standards charged to teaching hospitals.

Rural Government Cooperation Intensity and Leadership in Fostering the Innovation Capabilities of Rural Microbusinesses

Introduction: The growth of rural entrepreneurship significantly impacts economic growth and the well-being of rural communities. Background Problem: Innovation is crucial for entrepreneurs' success, with rural government playing a pivotal role in rural societies. Novelty: This study overviews the role of rural government in fostering entrepreneurial innovation, focusing on inter-organizational collaboration and the village head's leadership style. Research Method: Employing a quantitative survey methodology, the study undertook direct surveys of 300 rural micro- and small-scale entrepreneurs from diverse industries in Indonesia. A simple random sampling technique was used to ensure a representative sample of the population. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling—Partial Least Squares. Findings: The analysis reveals that rural government cooperation and transformative leadership positively influence entrepreneurs' perceptions of organiza­tional support. In turn, perceived organizational support significantly impacts the desire for knowledge sharing and innovation capability enhancement. This study diverges from previous research by examining the mediating roles of knowledge sharing and perceived organizational support in innovation capability enhancement. It confirms that perceived organizational support is a vital mediator in the relationship between government cooperation intensity, transformational leadership, and innovation capability. Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for rural governments to practice effective cooperation and leadership and provide consistent support. Such strategies facilitate a supportive environ­ment that fosters knowledge sharing and significantly boosts rural entrepreneurs' innovation capabilities.

Anticipating financial distress: Leveraging financial information, financial ratios, and corporate governance for proactive risk management

This article presents significant findings from a logistic regression model that analyzes the factors contributing to corporate financial distress. It emphasizes the crucial role of financial information quality, financial ratios, and corporate governance in predicting financial distress. The study's results show that high-quality financial information can significantly reduce the likelihood of distress by enhancing investor confidence and facilitating access to capital. Effective corporate governance, on the other hand, can mitigate financial vulnerability through robust risk management and ethical leadership. The study also highlights the risk of distress associated with high debt levels, underscoring the importance of prudent debt management. Profitability, it finds, can bolster financial resilience by generating healthy cash flows. The study also identifies certain industries more susceptible to risk due to specific factors such as competition and technological disruptions. Interestingly, the study reveals that larger companies may present a slightly higher risk of distress due to the complexity of their management. In light of these findings, the study provides actionable recommendations for companies to enhance their financial reporting, adopt good governance practices, manage debt prudently, and assess sector risks to reduce the likelihood of financial distress, thereby empowering finance professionals, researchers, and stakeholders with practical tools to manage and mitigate financial risks effectively

“Fighting an Uphill Battle”: The Pursuit of Equity Through the Every Student Succeeds Act in North Carolina

Purpose: The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) reduced the role of the federal government in K-12 education, giving states more flexibility while maintaining protections for marginalized groups. Despite the potential to leverage flexibility, little is known about how states are addressing equity. Research Methods: Using a critical policy analysis (CPA) approach, this qualitative case study uses semi-structured interviews and document analysis to examine the design and implementation of equity efforts by the state education agency (SEA) in North Carolina. Findings: SEA officials describe writing the state ESSA plan as an exercise in compliance and believe the plan could have gone further in pushing equitable solutions. Competing priorities within the SEA, including the struggle to fulfill its dual roles as service provider and regulatory agency, complicated ESSA implementation, as did state-level political maneuvers. A significant, unexpected finding is that participants were much more comfortable discussing the needs of economically disadvantaged students than students of color, and often avoided mentioning race specifically. Additionally, although the pandemic caused major disruptions to schooling, SEA officials identified “keeps” that were begun as a pandemic response and may continue as the SEA pushes equitable solutions for traditionally underserved students. Implications for Research and Practice: This study suggests that competing initiatives, staff turnover, and political ideology may limit the SEA's capacity to address power and resource imbalances and hinder efforts to promote greater equity in the educational system. Moreover, the SEA's focus shifted to ESSER funding during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Economic Growth through Rent Streams, Financial Development and Institutional Quality in Mena

This study examines the relationships between natural rent streams, financial development, institutional quality, and economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and is the development of fixed effects panel models during 1990–2020. The analysis of the MENA region sheds light on the complex, dynamic nature of the region’s economies and societies, as this region is an interesting case study where economic, political and cultural dynamics are diverse. The region faces economic diversification needs, conflicts, migration, and climate change, making this study timely and relevant. To this end, fixed effects regressions and scenario approaches were applied to the collected panel data. The findings reveal natural resource rents as the primary driver of economic growth, their effectiveness dependent on financial development and institutional quality levels. A well-developed financial sector facilitates efficient channeling of rents into productive investments, while strong institutions mitigate resource curse effects. In contrast, while remittances and foreign aid do not directly impact growth, their effectiveness is enhanced by financial development and institutional frameworks. The results highlight the critical roles of financial sector development, institutional quality, and robust governance in shaping the impacts of resource rents in this resource-rich region. The policy recommendations emphasize strategies for managing resource wealth, strengthening financial systems, promoting inclusion, improving institutions, and fostering an enabling environment for remittances and foreign aid to promote sustainable economic growth.

China in global digital trade governance: towards a development-oriented agenda?

Abstract Existing literature on the behaviour of rising powers in global trade governance has yielded inconclusive evidence about their role and impact. This article contributes to this literature by examining China's role in global digital trade governance, an issue area which so far has not received sufficient scholarly attention. Specifically, it addresses the following question: as a self-proclaimed leader of the developing world in digital development, to what extent do its preferences and negotiation approach align with the interests of other developing countries? Analysing China's participation in three sets of negotiations using process tracing, the article argues that China's dual identity both as a self-identified developing country and as a rising power has contributed to its strategic ambivalence. In principle China supports a development-oriented approach to digital trade governance, calling attention to issues such as the digital divide and preserving developing countries' policy space on data localization consistent with its domestic regulatory approaches. Yet China's interest in promoting Chinese technology firms' global expansion leads to increasing divergence with other developing countries on issues such as the e-commerce customs duty moratorium and the global taxation of digital firms, paradoxically increasing its interest alignment with developed countries and limiting its support for fundamental reforms.

Under Which Conditions Do Populist Governments Use Unpolitics in EU Decision-Making

Until recently, we knew very little about the role of populist governments in EU decision-making. The “crucial case” of refugee distribution within the EU demonstrated that their behaviour was ruled by unpolitics: they rejected formal and informal rules of decision-making if these were not conducive to their preferred outcome, they rejected traditional means of ensuring compromises, and they rejected solutions to perpetuate crises. However, to what extent is unpolitics a phenomenon unique to migration—an area prone to (nativist) populist capture? This thematic issue compares the behaviour of populist governments in the Council of the EU across different policy areas. The goal is to better understand under which conditions unpolitics is more likely to manifest in EU decision-making. We argue that unpolitics is intrinsically linked to vote-seeking strategies, where populist governments use EU decision-making to mobilise domestic audiences. Hence, unpolitics is more prone to “high gain” and “low risk” issues, since they can be more easily politicised. Unpolitics is also more likely to manifest in venues that act as a tribune, where populist actors can directly speak to domestic audiences. Finally, since unpolitics relies on the mobilisation of voters, it is essentially a two-level game largely determined by domestic political and socioeconomic conditions. Overall, we see that, although the EU institutions have proved relatively resilient, unpolitics is gradually unsettling and hollowing out norms, institutions, and discourses.

Sneaking out the back door? Interrogating the role of governments in the global governance of SDG 4

Sneaking out the back door? Interrogating the role of governments in the global governance of SDG 4

(How) do universities listen? Evidence from institutional websites of the world's top universities

Introduction: this study investigates the implementation of organizational listening methods in Higher Education through a comparative analysis of institutional websites from top global universities and leading Lithuanian institutions. Emphasizing the role of these websites as pivotal digital platforms, the research aims to discern the extent to which universities facilitate two-way communication with stakeholders through digital platforms. Methodology: Websites were selected based on world university rankings, encompassing institutions from each continent. Websites were selected based on global university rankings, spanning institutions across continents. Qualitative content analysis employed predefined and emergent categories to evaluate interactivity and organizational listening features on these platforms. Findings reveal consistent stakeholder mapping but significant disparities in communication tools and channels, which impacts real-time, asynchronous, and symmetric engagement effectiveness. Communication structures range from integrated governance roles to fragmented responsibilities, influencing stakeholder accessibility and institutional transparency. Discussion: implications for organizational communication practices are discussed, highlighting strategies to enhance stakeholder engagement via institutional websites. The study underscores the pivotal role of communication management teams in fostering transparency and responsiveness. Conclusions: advocating for leveraging technological advancements, conclusions propose transforming websites into proactive platforms for organizational listening. Recommendations emphasize developing tailored communication strategies to optimize engagement and effectiveness in Higher Education contexts.

Energy transition for sustainable economy: What is the role of government governance and public concern?

The global imperative for sustainable development necessitates a deeper understanding of the factors driving energy transitions. This study examines how government environmental governance and public environmental awareness influence China's shift towards sustainable energy practices. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from Chinese prefecture-level cities, we analyze the impacts of governmental environmental governance and public concern on energy transition intensity across regions. Our findings reveal that both proactive government investment and heightened public awareness significantly contribute to advancing energy transitions, with notable regional variations. The analysis uncovers complex relationships between local economic conditions, societal engagement, and transition progress, highlighting the need for tailored strategies. These insights contribute to the sustainable development discourse by elucidating the synergistic effects of governance and public engagement in driving energy transitions. Our research offers valuable policy implications for fostering sustainable energy futures, emphasizing the importance of coordinated efforts between governmental structures and public sentiment in achieving meaningful environmental progress.

A Comprehensive Review of Malaria Control Strategies in Africa: Historical Perspectives, Policy Frameworks, Innovations, and Future Directions

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Africa, affecting children under five and pregnant women. Historically, malaria has impacted Africa from ancient Egyptian times to the colonial era, with early control efforts often thwarted by limited resources and political instability. Today, Africa accounts for approximately 94% of global malaria cases and deaths, primarily affecting children under five and pregnant women. Despite progress in some regions, challenges such as financial constraints, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and the need for robust community engagement persist. This review evaluates the role of African governments and regional bodies in malaria control, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive policy frameworks, effective governance, and well-structured National Malaria Control Programs. Innovative strategies and technologies, such as malaria vaccines, genetically modified mosquitoes, and digital tools, offer new avenues for malaria control. However, challenges in implementation, funding, and acceptance need addressing. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, capacity building, community health workers, and public awareness campaigns are crucial for malaria control. Ongoing research and development are essential for advancing malaria control efforts, and indigenous knowledge and local innovations should complement modern approaches for culturally sensitive interventions. In conclusion, achieving a malaria-free Africa demands a multifaceted approach involving historical insights, innovative strategies, strengthened healthcare systems, community engagement, sustainable funding, and continuous research. The collective efforts of governments, international partners, researchers, and communities are pivotal in overcoming malaria and securing a healthier future for millions across the continent. Keywords: Malaria, Africa: Historical Perspectives, Policy Frameworks, Innovations, Future Directions

The Moderating Role Of Good Corporate Governance In The Relationship Between Green Innovation, Environmental Disclosure And Firm Value

The Moderating Role Of Good Corporate Governance In The Relationship Between Green Innovation, Environmental Disclosure And Firm Value

ESG and Environmental Performance: Multiple Mediation Models of Green Accounting and CSR Disclosure

Sustainability is a major theme in current academic research due to various issues such as the energy crisis, global warming, and environmental damage. This sustainability issue led to an increase in the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) in improving the quality of environmental management by companies. However, research on this topic is still limited with inconsistent findings. This study aims to examine the effect of ESG on environmental performance by using the mediating variables of green accounting and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. This study contributes by developing a multiple mediating model. The sample consisted of 114 firms-years observations of mining and manufacturing companies in Indonesia during the 2017-2022 period. The results show that ESG has a positive effect on the application of green accounting and CSR disclosure. Both mediation variables can improve environmental performance. In addition, ESG can also have a positive effect directly on environmental performance. These results provide empirical evidence of the importance of ESG implementation in the context of sustainability. The results of mediation testing show that CSR disclosure can act as a partial mediator so as to show support for signaling theory and the dominant role of impression management in environmental performance ranking.