Role In Failure Research Articles

Management of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure of a Patient after Successful Coronary Angioplasty and Stenting: A Case Study

In this case study the persistence of hypertension in a patient after successful coronary angioplasty was assessed. Pulse and blood pressure were recorded twice daily for 33 days at random interval. The results show the patient had high blood pressure for a total of 17 days in the 33 days of study period after Coronary Angioplasty and Stenting. The patient’s blood pressure never excided above 170/90 and pulse remained normal through the study period. In the case study multiple drugs failed to control blood pressure adequately. Other external factors may play a role in failure of management of BP. Indeed the patient’s lack of lifestyle modification as per advice of the physician may play a significant role in the persistence of hypertension. The patient should seek further medical assistance from specialists and drugs should be altered to control blood pressure adequately. Further investigation might be considered to rule out secondary causes of persistent hypertension.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.501-506

The role of failure in developing creativity in professional music recording and production

This study details the approach and results of a project which sought to apply the concept of “productive failure” in the learning of professional music recording and production. The approach was taken in response to the fact that although there is significant evidence that failure should be utilised in developing expertise for the music production and wider creative industries, factors often discourage this from taking place. Eleven Music Technology students were involved in a music production task where they took existing multitrack session recordings and produced a final master recording using whatever approach they thought appropriate. The results were then assessed for their success or failure by an industry professional. The manner in which creativity and thinking skills relevant to the practice of music production were developed were examined through the use of in-depth interviews (with the students and the industry professional). Results showed that the industry professional assessed the work as successful or failing in elements which came under the broad themes of technical approach and creativity. The student participants developed creativity and thinking skills under the themes of working with material from others, using influences or reference points, developing a personal vision, technical process, thought process and self-evaluation. In conclusion, the study shows that the inclusion of failure is beneficial to the learning of music recording and production, particularly through the development of critical listening and thinking skills, the focus on a personal creative vision, the necessity for technical skills to be developed to realise the most creative results, and the manner in which self-reflection serves to foster future development.

Entrepreneurship and failure: two sides of the same coin?

This paper attempts to shed light on the nexus of relationships existing between failure, bankruptcy, institutional context, and local characteristics on one hand and entrepreneurship, firm survival, and performance on the other. The aim is to provide a larger vantage point from which to read the research included in this issue with the overall ambition to contribute to a better understanding of our entrepreneurial societies and the role of failure within markets. In this respect, the focus here is mainly on the institutions governing the bankruptcy procedures which do much more than simply regulating the exit of insolvent firms and protecting creditors’ investments, minimizing the social cost of failures. They set up the revolving doors through which creditors can reinvest the recovered capital in new entrepreneurial projects and failed entrepreneurs can bring back to the market their skills and their entrepreneurial spirit for fostering new and hopefully successful ventures. Therefore, by managing bankruptcy, the institutions are not only protecting the economy. Instead, they have become a tool of economic policy, devoted to the delicate issue of regulating a physiological event to the market while avoiding too much waste of resources. In a more positive perspective, managing insolvency and failure is also a mean to strengthen competitiveness and growth, making it possible to stimulate the market in reshuffling skills and resources into new activities. A deeper understanding can in turn contribute to the implementation of better and more efficient policies by integrating bankruptcy as a natural component of firm and market life.

The interplay of creativity, failure and learning in generating algebra problems

Typical mathematics instruction starts with a teacher explaining a worked example, followed by students’ practicing isomorphic problems. Because such instruction may not optimally help students notice the critical features of the concept, an alternative way is to have them generate their own examples across a range of contexts. One hundred and sixty four students participated in three algebra-learning studies, where they completed several worksheets, each targeting a specific algebraic manipulation principle. Each worksheet started with worked examples presenting the targeted principle, after which the students had to generate their own examples. Student-generated examples varied from being only superficially different from the worked-examples, to creative ones that differed on a structural level. Path analyses revealed significant indirect and direct effects of structural creativity. The indirect effect revealed that structural creativity was associated with a higher error rate, which, in turn, negatively influenced immediate learning. Interestingly, in spite of the indirect effect, and what was a relatively simple and short intervention embedded in a longer instructional program, the direct effect of structural creativity on delayed posttest outcomes was positive and significant. We situate our findings in the extant literature on the role of failure in mathematical creativity and learning.

Post-Operative Pain : Mechanisms and Management

Background: Proper postoperative pain management, which can be advanced using a multimodal approach, results in pain relief with minimal side effects. Newer recovery protocols, along with minimally invasive surgeries add to the better management of post-operative complication. Many factors play a role in failure of proper postoperative pain management, which mainly include insufficient education, fear of complications associated with analgesic drugs, poor pain assessment and inadequate staffing. Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE fromJanuary 1987 toMarch 2017. The following search terms were used: post-operative pain mechanism, post-operative pain management, non-opioid pain management Aim of the work: In this study we aimed to understand the mechanism and the management of post-operative pain, along with shining some light upon the recent advances. Conclusion: Various combinations and modalities of pain management exist, and their use depends largely on the case, the patients, and their perception of pain. Enhanced recovery protocols have significantly improved perioperative and postoperative pain management, making the decrease in opioids need a priority.

Vibration Analysis Techniques for Rotating Machinery and its effect on Bearing Faults

Area of application of rotating machinery in day to day life, and for industrial use in manufacturing and processes, nuclear power station, automobile, oil & gas refinery etc has increase tremendously with industries revolution. And for all these rotating machinery the faults induced, due to bearing faults play a major role in failure of machine subjected to fatigue and catastrophic failure is a big problem to solve. Under the various maintenance techniques, the condition monitoring vibration technique is widely used to accurate assessment of the health condition of the rotating machinery extensively. Vibration spectrum analysis for all these faults and particular to different vibration analysis technique can be studied. In this paper the bearing faults induced in rotating machinery is investigated experimentally using various vibration analysis techniques that are time, frequency and time-frequency domains. The input signal obtained from the rotating machinery with rolling element bearings that is ball bearing with inner and outer race defects in comparison with health bearings are analysed with respect to Fast Fourier FFT and Inverse fast Fourier transformation IFFT,and future the spectrogram are obtained. And this experimental investigation will lead to the accurate assessment of the failure of rotating machinery, with respect to bearing faults.

Effect of composition of coke deposited in delayed coker furnace tubes on on-line spalling

Delayed coking is one of the most widely used residue upgradation process in crude oil refining where vacuum residue is thermally cracked and converted into distillates and petroleum coke. During heating of vacuum residue in coker furnace, coke is continuously deposited in furnace tubes which is removed at regular intervals by one of the three methods namely (i) pigging, (ii) steam air decoking or (iii) online spalling (OLS). OLS is one of the preferred methods of coke removal from coker furnace tubes. We have noticed very effective as well as “not so effective” OLS in a commercial delayed coker furnace. In present article, the changes in composition and properties of furnace coke during effective and ineffective OLS were systematically analyzed by various analytical tools such as Dilatometer, TGA, HRSEM, SEM-EDX and XRD. Based on these analyses, it was found that inorganic deposits such as iron sulphides and tube metal corrosion products play a major role in failure of OLS. Higher total acid number (TAN) of vacuum residue may be promoting the formation of iron sulfide deposits in furnace tube.

Codelivery of doxorubicin and MDR1-siRNA by mesoporous silica nanoparticles-polymerpolyethylenimine to improve oral squamous carcinoma treatment.

Oral cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that is the seventh most frequent cancer and the ninth most frequent cause of death globally. About 90% of oral cancer is of squamous cell carcinoma type. Surgery and radiation with and without chemotherapy are the major treatments for oral cancer. Better advanced treatment is still needed. Multidrug resistance plays an important role in failure of oral cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we tried to fabricate a novel nanoparticle that could carry both MDR1-siRNA to block MDR1 expression and doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy drug, into cancer cells in order to directly kill the cells with little or no effect of multidrug resistance. Results showed that mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) can be modified by cationic polymerpolyethylenimine (PEI) to obtain positive charges on the surface, which could enable the MSNP to carry MDR1-siRNA and DOX. The transfection efficiency assays demonstrated that the MSNP-PEI-DOX/ MDR1-siRNA was efficiently transfected into KBV cells in vitro. KBV cells transfected with MSNP-PEI-DOX/MDR1-siRNA could effectively decrease gene expression of MDR1 (~70% increase after 72 hours posttreatment) and induce the apoptosis of KBV cells (24.27% after 48 hours posttreatment) in vitro. Importantly, MSNP-PEI-DOX/MDR1-siRNA dramatically reduced the tumor size (81.64% decrease after 28 days posttreatment) and slowed down tumor growth rate compared to the control group in vivo (P<0.05). In the aggregate, newly synthesized MSNP-PEI-DOX/MDR1-siRNA improves cancer chemotherapy effect in terms of treating multidrug-resistant cancer compared to DOX only, clearly demonstrating that MSNP-PEI-DOX/MDR1-siRNA has potential therapeutic application for multidrug-resistant cancer in the future.

Inhibition activity of Lactobacilli supernatant against fungal-bacterial multispecies biofilms on silicone

Fungal-bacterial multispecies biofilms play a major role in failure of medical silicone devices, such as voice prostheses in laryngectomiy. In this study, we determined the effect of Lactobacilli supernatant (cell free) on mixed biofilm formation of fungi and bacteria on silicone in vitro. Lactobacilli supernatant inhibited the adhesion (90 min) of mixed fungi and bacteria species with an efficiency of >90%. Mixed biofilm formation and the metabolic activity of the biofilms were inhibited by 72.23% and 58.36% by Lactobacilli supernatant. The examination using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that Lactobacilli supernatant inhibited the growth of mixed biofilm and damaged the cells. Moreover, Lactobacilli supernatant also inhibited Candida yeast–to-hyphal transition. Therefore, Lactobacilli supernatant may serve as a possible antibiofilm agent to limit biofilm formation on voice prostheses.

Do internal markets influence bank failures?

ABSTRACTEmpirical studies analysing the determinants of bank failures ignore the role of bank holding company affiliation in these failures. In this article, we propose a new approach of estimating affiliated banks’ failures that incorporates holding companies’ role in failures. Our logit regression results show that the holding company’s features, especially internal flows, mattered on failures more than those of the banks during the sub-prime mortgage crisis.

The effect of HT-2 toxin on ovarian steroidogenesis and its response to IGF-I, leptin and ghrelin in rabbits.

T-2 toxin and its metabolite HT-2 toxin are one of the most toxic mycotoxins of type A-trichothecenes, which are produced mainly by Fusarium species. Therefore, study of Fusarium toxins T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin is an essential issue because they could also play role in failures of reproductive functions as well as endocrine system of domestic animals. Assessment of the effect of A-trichothecene mycotoxin HT-2 toxin alone or combined with insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), leptin and ghrelin on estradiol secretion by rabbit ovarian fragments in vitro was done. Rabbit ovarian fragments were incubated without (control group) or with HT-2 toxin, or its combinations with IGF-I, leptin and ghrelin at various concentrations for 24 h. Secretion of 17beta-estradiol was determined by ELISA. Firstly, HT-2 toxin at the doses 10 and 100 ng.ml(-1), but not at 1 ng.ml(-1) decreased 17beta-estradiol secretion by ovarian fragments. Secondly, 17beta-estradiol secretion was not affected by HT-2 toxin exposure combined with growth factor IGF-I, metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin. In conclusion, HT-2 toxin has potent direct dose-dependent effects on ovarian steroidogenesis in rabbits. These direct effects of HT-2 mycotoxin on ovarian steroidogenesis could impact negatively on the reproductive performance of rabbits.

Mindful Failure Cycle in High Reliability Organizations:The Role of Failure in Achieving Success

This article theorizes that, in contrast to established High Reliability Organization (HRO) theory that claims high performance results from a ‘preoccupation with failure’, HROs perform reliably be...

Social influences on student perceptions of failure in learning design processes: instructional implications

ABSTRACTWhile the Silicon Valley aphorism would encourage all involved in design to ‘fail early so that one can succeed earlier’, such a concept may be hard to translate to classroom instructional strategies, especially due to the negative connotations of failure in school settings. Failures in design serve a somewhat distinct purpose from failures in schooling; however, for learners, this distinction is hard to distinguish, and the subjective experiencing of these forms can be highly similar. In this paper, we discuss the role of failure in learning, especially in the design process. We examine the ethnographic case study of a grade nine class involved in a design instruction course, and find that while students were aware of the positive attributes of failure, they had difficulty embracing failure as a classroom activity, and take risks to accomplish projects. We trace these perceptions to the social messaging around failure that these students experience, and discuss some implications these findings may have for failure, risk aversion, and ultimately, schools as sites for educating innovativeness in societies.

Abstract 635: Role of Micro RNA-21 in Venous Neointimal Hyperplasia (VNH): Implications in Targeting MiR-21 For VNH Treatment

The exact molecular mechanisms involved in hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure caused by venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) are not clear. It has been observed that there is an accumulation of extracellular matrix and up regulation of pro-fibrotic genes accompanied with presence of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells in the stenotic veins. Previous studies have demonstrated that adventitial and medial fibroblasts have a pivotal role(s) in VNH formation. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) contributes to fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and dysregulation of miR-21 plays a pathological role in failure of coronary artery bypass grafts. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of miR-21 in VNH associated with AVF. We assessed miR-21 expression using qRT-PCR in the outflow veins of AVFs compared to control (contralateral jugular veins) veins in the C57BL/6J mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). MiR-21 expression was upregulated accompanied with down regulation of miR-21 target genes; PPAR-α, PTEN and TIMP-3. In addition, gene expression of fibroblast specific protein (FSP) -1, TGF (transforming growth factor) -β1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -9, collagen-I, and IV were significantly increased at day 7 after AVF creation. Immunohistochemistry revealed that there was a significant increase in proliferating cell index (Ki-67) and fibroblast index (FSP-1) in the outflow veins of AVFs. Hypoxia has been shown to increase fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and this is predicted to be an early step in VNH formation. Therefore we assessed miR-21 expression in hypoxic (1%O 2 ) mouse pulmonary vein fibroblasts compared to normoxic cells in vitro and it was found that miR-21and TGF-β1 significantly elevated with down regulation of miR-21 target genes PTEN and TIMP-3. Furthermore, miR-21 knockdown in hypoxic fibroblasts attenuated TGF-β1 expression with a significant upregulation of genes targeted by miR-21 compared to controls. Together these results indicate that upregulation of miR-21 expression may result in fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation resulting in VNH formation.

Bone Quality and Quantity and Dental Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in implant failure rates, marginal bone loss, and postoperative infection for implants inserted in bone with different qualities and quantities according to the classification of Lekholm and Zarb. An electronic search was undertaken in January 2015 for randomized and nonrandomized human clinical studies. A total of 94 publications were included. When bone sites of different qualities were considered, the results suggested the following comparative implant failure rates: 1 > 2, 1 > 3, 3 > 2, 4 > 1, 4 > 2, and 4 > 3. Sensitivity analyses suggested that when implants inserted in bone qualities 1 and 2 and 1 and 3 were compared, oxidized and sandblasted/acid-etched surfaces showed a decrease in significant difference in failures compared with turned implants. The same is not true for failure of implants inserted in bone quality 4 compared to failure of implants in all other bone qualities. When bone sites of different quantities were considered, the following comparative implant failure rates were observed: A > B, A > C, A < D, B < C, B < D, C < D, E > A, E > B, E > C, E > D. Due to insufficient information, meta-analyses for the outcomes postoperative infection and marginal bone loss were not performed. Sites with poorer bone quality and lack of bone volume may statistically affect implant failure rates. Implant surfaces may play a role in failure of implants in different bone qualities.

Catastrophic Varus Collapse of the Tibia in Obese Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundMechanical complications have been underemphasized in reports on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in obese patients. Noticing an increased prevalence of varus collapse of the tibia in obese total knee patients, we sought to determine if variability in proximal tibial cancellous bone strength played a role in failure. We attempted to define a cancellous threshold above which alternative methods of fixation should be used. MethodsOne thousand one hundred six revision TKAs from 2004-2014 identified 35 patients with varus collapse of the tibia, defined as a change in component position of >10°. Variables analyzed included weight, alignment, component size, and proximal tibial bone stress. Postoperative alignment was compared with prerevision alignment. To calculate tibial stress the following formula was used: mass (kg) × acceleration of gravity (9.8 m/s2)/tibial surface area (mm2) = pascals or N/M2. ResultsTwenty-nine of 35 patients weighed >200 lbs, whereas 17 of 35 patients weighed >250 lbs (range 130-354 lbs). Average body mass index was 40.5 kg/m2 (range 24-61 kg/m2). Twenty-seven of 35 failed tibial components were in the lower half of the manufacturer's tibial size offering. Postsurgical alignment averaged 4.9° valgus (range 2° varus-7° valgus) and collapsed an average of 14.9° (range 10°-22°) before revision. Proximal tibial bone stress averaged 334,324 Pascals (range 188,524-601,416). Twenty-five of 35 patients had proximal tibial bone stress >300,000 Pascals. ConclusionDespite good initial primary TKA alignment, we report catastrophic varus collapse of tibial components in obese patients with small tibial components. When a cancellous threshold of 300,000 Pascals is exceeded, strong consideration should be given to either optimizing the patient's weight or using a longer tibial stem to dissipate forces on proximal tibia.

Effect of Geometric Discontinuity on Stress Concentration Factor of Al6061T6 Alloy under Bending Load

Geometric discontinuity plays a vital role in failure of mechanical members. Grooved or cracked components cannot be replaced immediately, the reason being their high cost and restrictions offered by practical operational features. Such circumstances lead to the requirement of assessing the reliability of grooved or cracked specimen. The objective of present work is to determine relatively safest geometric discontinuity which provides higher reliability under the action of bending loads. Uniform cylindrical specimens of different geometric discontinuities were machined in such a way that all specimens have approximately same cross sectional area at the groove geometry. The specimens were subjected to bending load with a loading rate of 0.5 mm/min on Universal Testing Machine. The maximum stress and stress concentration factor (SCF) for each specimen are calculated and the failure behavior is analyzed. The results show that, the elliptical grooved specimen deform plastically with SCF of 1.4 absorbing a large magnitude of energy whereas the V-groove specimen with SCF of 1.73 failed in a brittle manner with relatively negligible deflection.

Effect of Standoff Distance on Solid Particle Erosion Wear Behavior of Chill Cast Aluminum – Boron Carbide Composites

In recent days aluminum matrix composites are widely used in structural engineering components subjected to erosion which plays a major role in failure of the component. In the current experimental investigation, studies have been made on the solid particle erosion wear behavior of chill cast aluminum boron carbide composites. The fabrication of the composite material was carried out by stir casting technique using an induction furnace. Mold materials such as stainless steel, cast iron and copper were used as end chills. The erosion wear behavior of the developed chill cast composites was evaluated at room temperature using air jet erosion test rig according to ASTM G76 standards. The erodent material used was silica sand of 312 microns. The erodent feed rate was maintained at 2.25 g/min at a pressure of 1.4 bars at a constant velocity of 30 m/sec. The tests were carried out for different standoff distance with an angle of impingement of 45° for a testing period of 5 minutes. The characterization of the worn surfaces was carried out using scanning electron microscope to study the material removal mechanism. The study reveals that the solid particle erosive weight loss of the chill cast composite materials decreases with the increase in the standoff distance for a given impingement angle and testing period. The result also indicates that the weight loss was least for the composites cast using copper chill.

“Failure Is a Major Component of Learning Anything”: The Role of Failure in the Development of STEM Professionals

The term failure typically evokes negative connotations in educational settings and is likely to be accompanied by negative emotional states, low sense of confidence, and lack of persistence. These negative emotional and behavioral states may factor into an individual not pursuing a degree or career in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM). This is of particular concern considering the low number of women and underrepresented minorities pursing and working in a STEM field. Utilizing interview data with professionals across STEM, we sought to understand the role failure played in the persistence of individuals who enter and pursue paths toward STEM-related careers. Findings highlighted how participants’ experiences with failure (1) shaped their outlooks or views of failure, (2) shaped their trajectories within STEM, and (3) provided them with additional skills or qualities. A few differences based on participants’ sex, field, and highest degree also manifested in our analysis. We expect the results from this study to add research-based results to the current conversation around whether experiences with failure should be part of formal and informal educational settings and standards-based practices.

Failed Cartilaginous Grafts in the Eyelid: A Retrospective Clinicopathological Analysis of 5 Cases.

To analyze the clinical and histopathologic features of 5 failed autologous cartilaginous grafts to the lower eyelids and to analyze the reasons for these failures. In this retrospective case series, the data collected included patient ages, reasons for and duration of cartilaginous graft implants, sources of cartilaginous grafts, and clinical and histopathologic findings at time of graft removal using hematoxylin and eosin, elastic, Alcian blue, and Masson trichrome staining for analysis of tissue alterations. Five cartilaginous, posterior lamellar lower eyelid grafts were complicated by eyelid thickening or retraction, graft extrusion, and entropion. Histopathologic findings included segmentation of the original single implant, stripped of its perichondrium, due to "kerfing," sometimes with overlapping of the segments and scar formation between the segments. In place of the perichondrium that had been removed during the preparation the graft implants, a fibrous pseudoperichondrial capsule had formed. Pyknotic nuclei in varying degrees were typically found in the center of the grafts, despite a high degree of preservation of the extracellular matrix (collagenous, elastic, and proteoglycan components). No evidence of inflammation, cartilaginous vascularization, or necrosis was identified in any graft. Despite minimal reactive processes, kerfing (partial thickness cuts made in the graft to increase its pliancy) may be partially responsible for graft migration, deformation, and surgical failure. The consequences were graft fragmentation and overlapping of the multiple fragments. Graft migration can be exacerbated if a posterior lamellar graft is used to correct an anterior lamellar deficiency. Interference with the overall architectural integrity of the graft and its extracellular matrix appears to play no role in failure, despite removal of the perichondrium. Mild to moderate degrees of chondrocytic dropout in the absence of necrosis and inflammation are probably attributable to the thick and coarsely textured collagen of the fibrous pseudoperichondrial capsule that may impede diffusion of nutrients into the center of the graft.