Post-Operative Pain : Mechanisms and Management

Abstract

Background: Proper postoperative pain management, which can be advanced using a multimodal approach, results in pain relief with minimal side effects. Newer recovery protocols, along with minimally invasive surgeries add to the better management of post-operative complication. Many factors play a role in failure of proper postoperative pain management, which mainly include insufficient education, fear of complications associated with analgesic drugs, poor pain assessment and inadequate staffing. Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE fromJanuary 1987 toMarch 2017. The following search terms were used: post-operative pain mechanism, post-operative pain management, non-opioid pain management Aim of the work: In this study we aimed to understand the mechanism and the management of post-operative pain, along with shining some light upon the recent advances. Conclusion: Various combinations and modalities of pain management exist, and their use depends largely on the case, the patients, and their perception of pain. Enhanced recovery protocols have significantly improved perioperative and postoperative pain management, making the decrease in opioids need a priority.