Role Of Cooperation Research Articles

Does cooperative membership stabilize farm income volatility? Evidence from the pig sector in China

PurposeFarm income in the agricultural sector is susceptible to natural and market risks. A large body of literature has studied the effects of cooperative membership on household welfare, technical efficiency, productivity and production behavior, yet little has been known about the impact of cooperative membership on farm income volatility. This paper aims to fill this research gap by investigating the relationship between cooperative membership and farm income volatility of Chinese pig farmers and drawing policy implications.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the effect of cooperative membership on farm income volatility, using data from a two-round survey of pig farmers in China. The authors employ an endogenous switching regression model to address the selection bias issues associated with unobserved factors simultaneously affecting farmers' participation in agricultural cooperatives and income earning activities.FindingsUsing household panel from a two-round survey of 193 pig farmers in China, this analysis highlights two key findings: (1) agricultural cooperative membership has significant and positive effect on farm income stability and (2) the impact of cooperative membership on farm income stability varies with production scale.Originality/valueThis research makes two contributions to the literature. First, this study contributes to the scant literature exploring the relationship between agricultural cooperatives and farm income stability. Second, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that explores such relationship in a livestock sector. The pig sector in China and around the developing world has been increasingly challenged by multifaceted risks (e.g. price fluctuations, epidemic diseases, environmental regulations), and understanding the role of agricultural cooperatives in farm income stability of pig farmers is of great practical and policy significance.

Peran Pemerintah Dalam Meningkatkan Transaksi Dan Kerjasama Ekonomi

In connection with the development of the times, Indonesia is currently conducting international transactions and cooperation that aims to be able to prosper the community. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the government's role in international economic transactions and cooperation. The research was carried out in the form of descriptive qualitative by collecting data using literature and summarizing the results of theories or opinions that had been done previously. The results show that Indonesia has made progress in the economic sector which has made the country prosperous. In connection with the existence of bilateral transactions and cooperation, the government plays an active role in this cooperation, where the exports and imports that can be carried out by the government to establish this cooperation make all parties mutually beneficial. The government uses fiscal policy by imposing tariffs on every exported or imported goods. Keywords: role of government, transactions, international cooperation

Kolaborasi Interfungsional dan Kualitas Pelayanan Pusat Kontrol Operasi di Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai

The study aims to analyze the Airport Operation Control Center (AOCC) operational performance through interfunctional cooperation on the operational quality of I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport in Bali. The airport facilities and infrastructures are considered inadequate when they are compared to the growth rate of air traffic. Ideally, the study wants to find out the effect of Airport Operation Control Center’s performance on airport operational service quality and the mediating role of interfunctional cooperation on airport operational service quality. The sample of 49 stakeholders and AOCC users at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport in Bali was used as the saturated sampling method and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Smart PLS program. The results show that the operational performance has direct effect on interfunctional cooperation and airport operational service quality. Furthermore, the interfunctional cooperation is able to mediate the AOCC operational performance and the quality of airport operational services.

The stability of NPM1 oligomers regulated by acidic disordered regions controls the quality of liquid droplets.

The nucleolus is a membrane-less nuclear body that typically forms through the process of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) involving its components. NPM1 drives LLPS within the nucleolus and its oligomer formation and inter-oligomer interactions play a cooperative role in inducing LLPS. However, the molecular mechanism underlaying the regulation of liquid droplet quality formed by NPM1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the N-terminal and central acidic residues within the intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) of NPM1 contribute to attenuating oligomer stability, although differences in the oligomer stability were observed only under stringent conditions. Furthermore, the impact of the IDRs is augmented by an increase in net negative charges resulting from phosphorylation within the IDRs. Significantly, we observed an increase in fluidity of liquid droplets formed by NPM1 with decreased oligomer stability. These results indicate that the difference in oligomer stability only observed biochemically under stringent conditions has a significant impact on liquid droplet quality formed by NPM1. Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation of nucleolar dynamics during the cell cycle.

The Importance of ALCE's Role as a Political Actor Rather Than a Coordinator of Regional Space Activities

The Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) was formally created in 2020 with the ALCE Agreement signed by 19 countries from the region. ALCE can be considered a major step towards regional integration in the space sector, driven by its members' political willingness. Nevertheless, the integration process does not finish with the signature of the agreement; it's just the start. There are many levels of integration based on previous regional integration case studies such as Asia's Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO), African Space Agency (ASA), and most notably the most advanced European Union/European Space Agency (ESA) case. As ALCE is starting to construct a regional space ambition, the timing demands from its members how far in the integration process they want to go. From an intergovernmental organisation that only decides on cooperative technical space activities to a fullyintegrated organisation with its own regulatory framework enacting a regional space policy and a regional space programme.Based on the ALCE Agreement, the organisation seems to have only a cooperative role as an intermediary that fosters technical cooperation without political power. This article claims that instead ALCE should go further and seek progressively full integration by shaping a coherent regional space policy by providing the organisation with the political capacity to shape a regional space policy and space programme that addresses the needs of the region in the short-term future.The article presents, firstly, the political willingness of the two forerunners of the region, Mexico and Argentina, to shape regional integration and an overview of space activities in the region. Secondly, APSCO, ASA and Europe integration/ESA cases are introduced to understand levels of integration for ALCE. Thirdly, it is explained that ALCE's benefits of higher integration, notably spillovers and current regional space activities, will make sure Latin America catches up in the next phase of global space activity.

Legislative Responses to Terrorism: A Critical Review of Counterterrorism Measures

In the face of escalating global terrorism threats, nations worldwide have grappled with the imperative to enact and amend legislation aimed at preventing, detecting, and prosecuting acts of terrorism. This paper conducts a comprehensive and critical examination of legislative responses to terrorism, with a focus on their efficacy, implications for civil liberties, and broader societal impacts. The research begins by analysing the evolution of counterterrorism laws across diverse jurisdictions, emphasizing the shifting landscape of security concerns and the subsequent legal adjustments. It scrutinizes the core features of these legislative measures, including preventive detention, surveillance, intelligence gathering, and the definition of terrorism offenses. A critical analysis is employed to assess the balance between security imperatives and the protection of individual liberties, scrutinizing the potential for abuse, discrimination, and erosion of due process. Case studies from various countries illuminate the real-world consequences of counterterrorism legislation, shedding light on the impact on marginalized communities, legal frameworks, and international human rights standards. The paper also explores the effectiveness of oversight mechanisms, judicial review, and safeguards incorporated within these legislative frameworks to curb potential abuses and protect against overreach. Furthermore, the study considers the role of technology, intelligence-sharing agreements, and international cooperation in shaping legislative responses to terrorism. It aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges and successes in addressing the complex interplay between security concerns and the preservation of fundamental rights. This critical review seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on counterterrorism policy by offering insights into the multifaceted implications of legislative responses. The paper concludes with recommendations for fostering a balanced approach that upholds both security imperatives and the foundational principles of democracy.

Balancing Security and Liberty: Examining Contemporary Counterterrorism Laws

This paper delves into the intricate challenge of striking a delicate balance between national security imperatives and the protection of individual liberties in the context of contemporary counterterrorism laws. In the aftermath of global terrorist threats, governments worldwide have enacted a myriad of legislative measures aimed at preventing and combating acts of terrorism. However, the implementation of these measures often raises concerns about potential encroachments on civil liberties, privacy rights, and due process. The study critically examines the evolving landscape of counterterrorism laws, analyzing key legal frameworks and their impact on individual freedoms. It scrutinizes the delicate equilibrium required to effectively address security threats without sacrificing the fundamental rights and values that underpin democratic societies. Drawing on case studies from diverse jurisdictions, the research explores the implications of counterterrorism measures on marginalized communities, surveillance practices, and the rule of law. Furthermore, the paper assesses the effectiveness of oversight mechanisms and judicial review processes in mitigating the risks of abuse and overreach. It considers the role of technology, international cooperation, and intelligence sharing in contemporary counterterrorism efforts and evaluates their potential impact on individual privacy and human rights. In addition, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on counterterrorism policy by offering insights into the challenges of balancing security imperatives with the preservation of civil liberties. It advocates for a thoughtful and nuanced approach that fosters security without compromising the core values that define democratic societies.

Development of Mutualism Settlement Along the Railway Towards a Sustainable City

The existence and development contribution of a village influences a sustainable city. Sidorukun Village is in the Gresik sub-district, Gresik district is dominated by settlements and industrial areas. In the middle of the village there is Indro Station as a Local Train (Railway) station. Since the 1980s, this train line has stopped operating and will be active again in 2016 for containers and in 2021 as a passenger train line. The shift in the function of this station has an impact on the local environment, especially the settlements around the station. On the other hand, the condition of the village was not ready for empowerment to welcome the bustling station activities. Among them, business facilities for parking and small trade that have not been well organized, and there is no passenger waiting area. This study aims to determine the basic, supporting and settlement aspects of settlements adjoining the station socially and economically in a sustainable aspect. So that there are proposals for settlement concept designs that support station activities through the role of active cooperation between the community and parties involved in the development of sustainable cities. Literature studies and field observations are used to find solutions to this problem. In addition, field observations in case studies were carried out through a SWOT analysis. The result is a sustainable settlement concept with community participation, which is integrated through station support facilities managed by the surrounding community such as stalls, minibus stops for waiting, and parking lots through sustainable optimization of commercial land productivity.

The English Translation Methods of Chinese Characteristic Vocabulary in the Report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Since China’s commitment to reform, opening up, and modern socialist construction, it has made remarkable achievements in various aspects such as politics, economy, and culture that have impressed the world. Western countries are also more willing to listen to and understand China’s development achievements, and recognize and support China’s international standing. Chinese leaders’ dialogues or foreign policy documents related to political activities are the main source of information about China’s development for foreign countries. Among them, the report of the 20th CPC National Congress is the summary report of the CPC every five years, covering a wide range of political, economic, social and cultural fields, and has an extremely important political status. Therefore, the English translation method of words with Chinese characteristics in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a very important issue, as these words play an important role in international communication and cooperation. When translating these words, we need to consider their special cultural background, historical origins, and semantic connotations to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the translation.

Influence of a Non-ionic Surfactant on the Release of Rhodamine B from Poly(vinyl) Alcohol/Polyoxalate/Span-80 Composite Nanofibers Prepared by Emulsion Electrospinning

Controlling drug release using a nanocomposite method is crucial; however, burst release must be avoided in order to obtain effective controllable drug release. In this study, poly(vinyl) alcohol/polyoxalate/Span-80 (PVA/ POX/ Span-80) composite nanofibers loaded with Rhodamine B were produced using emulsion electrospinning. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cooperative roles of POX and Span-80 on nanofibrous scaffold stability and drug release regulation by monitoring Rhodamine B release performance from electrospun composite nanofibers. The microstructure and hydrophilic properties of the emulsion electrospun nanofibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, and swelling tests. According to the results, increasing the POX content had a significant effect on the size of nanofibers. The water contact angles increased as the POX content increased. The release of Rhodamine B was governed by a two-stage diffusion mechanism that was greatly influenced by PVA/POX ratios and Span-80. To compare release behavior, non-emulsion electrospun nanofibers without Span-80 were prepared as control samples. Emulsion nanofibers were found to release at a slower rate than non-emulsion nanofibers. The in vitro release profiles revealed that Rhodamine B was released from emulsion electrospun fibers in a sustainable manner and that no initial burst release was observed. These findings imply that emulsion electrospun nanofibers can potentially be used to deliver drugs, nutraceuticals, and fragrances in a prolonged manner

Adoption of green supply chain management in developing countries: role of consumer cooperation, eco-design, and green marketing.

This study investigates the influence of consumer cooperation, eco-design, and green marketing on the adoption of green supply chain management in developing countries. The mediating role of innovation in this relationship is also examined. A survey method was employed, using a questionnaire adapted from previous studies. The sample comprised 250 respondents who were employees of small and medium size and multinational manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. Smart partial least squares (PLS) are currently being used for data analysis, while PLS-structural equation modeling is being employed to assess measurement and structural models. The findings reveal that consumer cooperation, eco-design, and green marketing significantly affect innovation. Furthermore, innovation acts as a mediator between these variables and the adoption of green supply chain management. This study identifies green supply chain management practices that have the potential to enhance organizational performance and motivate companies to implement strategic and operational changes, leading to significant economic, social, and environmental impacts. The research holds significant importance for emerging economies and green supply chain adoption considering the constraints at both organizational and government levels. It provides a framework for a synergistic combination of asset-based elements, innovation, and green supply chain management, benefiting small and medium size organization, multinational corporations, and the supply chain sector in achieving sustainable development goals. The implications of this study extend to supervisors and managers in the corporate world, assisting them in making informed decisions. By expanding the existing literature on the consumer cooperation, eco-design, and green marketing model to include green supply chain management, this study contributes to the field. However, it should be noted that the findings and recommendations may be influenced by contextual factors, and therefore, future research should explore other countries to identify regional and specific sectors, enabling a broader perspective and comparisons as well as green related aspects and performances.

Peran Kerjasama Organisasi Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan Di MTs YLPI Ibaadurrahman

This study aims to analyze the role of school organizational cooperation in improving the quality of education at MTs YLPI Ibaadurrahman. School organizational cooperation has a significant role in creating a quality and competitive educational environment. Through close cooperation between all relevant parties, including school leaders, teachers, students and parents, various initiatives and programs can be implemented effectively. This research uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through interviews, observations, and document analysis related to school organizational cooperation at MTs YLPI Ibaadurrahman. The collected data were analyzed thematically to identify the role and impact of school organizational cooperation on the quality of education. The results showed that school organizational cooperation at MTs YLPI Ibaadurrahman has an important role in improving the quality of education. Through synergistic cooperation, school organizations can carry out various activities, such as curriculum development, teacher training, student coaching, and procurement of adequate educational resources. This cooperation also includes collaboration with parents in supporting home learning and optimizing their role as educational partners. In the context of MTs YLPI Ibaadurrahman, the cooperation of school organizations has had a positive impact on the quality of education. This can be seen from the increase in student academic achievement, increased student participation in extracurricular activities, and increased parental satisfaction with the learning process. In addition, this collaboration also contributes to creating an inclusive, harmonious and supportive school climate. In conclusion, school organizational cooperation has an important role in improving the quality of education at MTs YLPI Ibaadurrahman. With close cooperation between school leaders, teachers, students and parents, various programs and initiatives can be carried out effectively, thus creating a quality and competitive educational environment. It is recommended that this collaboration continue to be improved and implemented on an ongoing basis to optimize the quality of education and produce quality graduates.

Resolving the mechanisms underlying epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of the lateral plate mesoderm.

Formation of the vertebrate limb buds begins with a localized epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the somatic lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). While the processes that drive proliferation and outgrowth of the limb mesenchyme are well established, the fundamental mechanisms that precede this process and initiate EMT are less understood. In this review, we outline putative drivers of EMT of the LPM, drawing from analyses across a range of vertebrates and developmental models. We detail the expression patterns of key EMT transcriptional regulators in the somatic LPM of the presumptive limb fields, and their potential role in producing a mesenchymal cell fate. These include a putative cooperative role between the EMT inducers PRRX1 and TWIST1, supported by evidence in zebrafish and chicken models but unconfirmed data from mice. As such, additional functional data are required to definitively determine the mechanisms that initiate and drive EMT of the somatic LPM, a critical transition preceding formation of the limb bud mesenchyme.

Geopolitics of Renewable Energy: Shaping the Global Power Landscape

This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the geopolitical implications of the global transition towards renewable energy. It scrutinizes the traditional energy landscape, emphasizing how fossil fuel resources have historically shaped geopolitical power structures. The key drivers of the shift towards renewables, such as climate change, economic viability, and energy security, are elaborated. The paper identifies emerging leaders in the renewable sector, namely, China and the European Union, and discusses how their strategic positioning could reshape global power dynamics. It examines the potential challenges associated with this energy transition and strategies to mitigate these challenges, emphasizing the role of international cooperation. The paper concludes that the renewable energy revolution marks a significant shift in global geopolitics. This research underscores the deep interconnection between energy and power, emphasizing its enduring relevance in this renewable future.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Role Playing dan Jigsaw terhadap Hasil Belajar Ips Ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar

This research aims to determine the difference in the influence of the cooperative learning model Role Playing & Jigsaw methode on Social Science Major (IPS) learning result, differences in the influence of students who have high, middle, and low learning motivation on IPS learning result, and is there any interaction between learning models and learning motivation of students on Social Science Major (IPS) learning result. This research used 2*3 factorial design. Sampling is taken by purposive sampling technique. Sample of this research is student of SDIP Al Madinah Nogosari 5th grade and SDIP Al Madinah Cepogo 5th grade. The two population samples were then tested for prerequisite analysis through the normality test with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the homogeneity test with Levene's test, and the balance test with the independent sample t-test. The research was continued by identifying the learning motivation of the students in the sample through a questionnaire instrument that had been tested for validity and reliability, and validated by experts. The questionnaire was made with a Likert scale of 1-4 with the results of the identification of learning motivation. Learning outcomes are obtained with test instruments that have been tested for validity, reliability, difficulty, and discriminating power, and validated by experts. Hypothesis testing was carried out using a two-way ANOVA and further testing using the Scheffe’s method using the SPSS Statistic 26 application. The results of the research showed; 1) There are no difference in the influence of the Role Playing learning model & Jigsaw on Social Science Major (IPS) learning result.; 2) There are differences in the influence of students who have high learning motivation, middle learning motivation, and low learning motivation on IPS learning result.; 3) There are no interaction of learning models and learning motivatin of students on IPS learning result.

Integration of information and communication technology in emergency medical services: The Chungbuk Smart Emergency Service Project

Background: The lack of healthcare providers and financial resources in medically vulnerable areas results in reduced access to timely emergency care, leading to higher mortality rates. Utilizing information and communication technology (ICT) in the emergency medical services (EMS) system can potentially reduce health disparities and supplement the shortage of medical personnel. This study introduces the Chungbuk Smart Emergency Medical Service Project to improve EMS in Chungbuk province using ICT.Current Concepts: To improve regional EMS, the Chungbuk EMS Collaboration Committee initiated an ICT-EMS project that incorporates an algorithm-based patient triage system and real-time hospital selection for patient transfers. This initiative is funded by the Smart City Challenge project, which fosters a more comprehensive EMS system by promoting collaboration among local government agencies, local hospitals, and fire headquarters. The system allows the sharing of patients’ information from the notification stage through hospital transfer, thus ensuring efficient treatment and seamless communication between paramedics and health care providers.Discussion and Conclusion: Effective use of ICT for information sharing and coordination during EMS, from ambulance dispatch to hospital treatment, is essential for improving regional EMS. Clear communication, cooperation, and well-defined roles are necessary for the efficient use of ICT by emergency healthcare providers. Making healthcare providers understand the purpose of ICT equipment is crucial for its successful implementation. Verification of the effectiveness of ICT-based EMS improvement projects will lead to their global expansion, besides benefitting domestic EMS.

Risk factors and molecular epidemiology of canine rabies in Beijing

Rabies is a serious public health problem in Asia and Africa. Approximately 99% of cases result from a bite by an infected dog. The high rabies risk countries are generally characterized by rapid urbanization; however, the prevalence and risk factors for rabies in urban dogs in developing countries remain unclear. Beijing, the capital of China, has been undergoing rapid urbanization, and implemented compulsory rabies immunization for dogs on October 1, 2014. We evaluated the effects of this immunization policy and investigated the dynamics and determinants of the spread of dog rabies virus (RABV) in Beijing. Between 2013 and 2018, the positive rate of rabies in biting dogs declined significantly; 79.6% of these were stray dogs. Reconstructed spatiotemporal diffusion for RABV presents a more central distribution within Beijing and a surrounding dissemination of virus lineage toward suburban areas, indicating that rabies is self-sustaining in Beijing. Continuous RABV phylogeographic reconstructions and logistic regression analysis of rabies cases revealed that rabies tended to remain in commercial areas, high-rise residences, demolition areas, and high-GDP, high-population and high-accessibility areas. Demolition areas, where many residents have abandoned their pets, are recognized as high-risk areas for rabies. Our findings reveal that the implementation of the immunization policy in Beijing has been effective in prevention and control of canine rabies, and because the prevalence of canine rabies results from multiple factors, emphasize the important role of multi-sectoral cooperation in rabies prevention and control.

ZNAČAJ DIGITALIZACIJE I DIGITALNIH BIBLIOTEKA U VRIJEME PANDEMIJE COVID-19 NA PRIMJERU GAZI HUSREV-BEGOVE BIBLIOTEKE U SARAJEVU / THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITIZATION AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES AT THE TIME OF THE PANDEMIC COVID-19 IN THE EXAMPLE OF GAZI HUSREV-BEY LIBRARY IN SARAJEVO

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the importance of digital libraries for pupils, students, professors, librarians and researchers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic and frequent closures of cultural, information and heritage institutions. In 2017, the Gazi Husrev-bey Library established digital library, and its importance and importance of other digital libraries and repositories from around the world was best seen in the extraordinary conditions in which libraries were forced to continue their operations. In all of this, it is extremely important to mention the role of librarians and information experts, thanks to whom the educational processes and access to the necessary literature could be successfully continued. The importance of digitization is even greater if you take into account its role for international cooperation and the development of good relations between related institutions, especially in the Balkans. The aim of the paper is to present the importance of digital libraries, so that more users would learn about their existence, and at the same time encourage other institutions to start this type of activity. The analytical method will lead to basic conclusions related to the use and expediency of digital libraries, taking into account the forced closure of library buildings and the transition to digital or digitized content in all information and heritage institutions around the world through the example of Gazi Husrev-bey's library in Sarajevo.

Geo-Strategic Significance of Wakhan Corridor for Pakistan

The Wakhan Corridor, a tiny strip of land in Afghanistan's northeastern area, is vital to Pakistan's geostrategic and economic interests. This research investigates the corridor's numerous dimensions and their consequences for Pakistan's interests. The Wakhan Corridor offers Pakistan a critical geostrategic buffer zone between itself and Central Asia. Because of its location, Pakistan can efficiently handle its border with Afghanistan while still maintaining strategic depth in the region. The corridor acts as a physical barrier, preventing conflicts and instability from spreading into Pakistan's territory. Furthermore, it provides Pakistan with a potential gateway to Central Asian markets, improving connectivity and trade opportunities in the region. The Wakhan Corridor plays a vital role in regional stability and cooperation. Economically, the Wakhan Corridor has enormous potential for Pakistan's energy and trade sectors. The region is thought to be rich in natural resources, such as hydrocarbon deposits, minerals, and precious stones.

Transborder cooperation for the development of sustainable cities and communities in the Tijuana - San Diego border region. Review of institutions

The United Nations states that more than half of the world's population lives in cities and the number is expected to increase to 60% by 2030. A metropolitan area that has experienced an accelerated population increase is the Tijuana - San Diego region. These cities are considered twin cities due to their high interaction, joint development and interdependence. This region has a population of more than five million inhabitants, therefore the use of resources and urban needs increase with it. Sustainable development is presented as the best option to face the use of resources in a balanced way without compromising the capacity of future generations. This work has the objective of analyzing the role of transborder cooperation as a fundamental tool for the institutions that are responsible for the sustainable development of cities and communities in the Tijuana - San Diego region, through the binational activity of the institutions in the creation and implementation of urban planning instruments in the region. With the use of the qualitative method of longitudinal character. A classification of urban planning instruments in the region is made from the year 2015 and if they comply with the sustainable and binational approach.