Role Of Computer Technology Research Articles

Study on Modern Innovative Logistics Engineering Based on Computer Network

The modern logistics as the product of the modern scientific and technological progress is to promote the logistics industry toward efficient, fast, low-cost distribution system was further extended. Computers in logistics information management, providing a broad space for development, Article by describing the role of computer technology in the logistics, indicating that the two are interdependent and mutual restraint and mutual development of the relationship.

Design of Real-Time Document Control Based on Zigbee and Surface Electromyography (sEMG)

The human-computer interaction (HCI) is now playing a great role in computer technology. This study introduces an automatic document control technique which is based on the human hand waving movements. The recognition of hand movement is realized according to the surface electromyography (sEMG). A collector is set on the forearm. The sEMG signal is recorded and conveyed to a PC terminal by using wireless Zigbee. An automatic algorithm is developed in order to extract the characteristics of sEMG, recognize the waving movements, and transmit to document control command. The developed human-computer interaction technique can be used as a new gallery for teaching, as well as an assistant tool for disabled person.

Geoinformatics Study at the CTU in Prague

<p>At the CTU in Prague, there is a long tradition of master degree courses in geodesy, geodetic surveying and cartography. Taking into account the fast development of information technologies in recent decades, we decided to prepare a new study program that would combine computer science with a background of geodetic and cartographic know-how. Apart from other sources, our plans were inspired and influenced by the Review of Education Needs, a report prepared by Stig Enemark (Prague 1998), and by our experience from several Virtual Academy workshops.</p><p><br />We have decided to call this program “Geoinformatics” to emphasize the role of computer technologies in collecting, analyzing and exploiting information about our planet. Within this presentation we will explain the basic ideas behind our new study program and emphasize the features that distinguish it from classical geodetic or cartographic programs. We will mention the connection between our new study program and several geodetic and software projects running at our institute – software development for real-time GPS applications, cooperation with the Astronomical Institute, University of Berne, on the development of so-called Bernese GPS Software, the GNU project Gama for adjustment of geodetic networks, etc.</p>

Geoinformatics Study at the Czech Technical University in Prague

At the CTU in Prague, there is a long tradition of master degree courses in geodesy, geodetic surveying and cartography. Taking into account the fast development of information technologies in recent decades, we decided to prepare a new study program that would combine computer science with a background of geodetic and cartographic know-how. Apart from other sources, our plans were inspired and influenced by the Review of Education Needs, a report prepared by Stig Enemark (Prague 1998), and by our experience from several Virtual Academy workshops.We have decided to call this program „Geoinformatics“ to emphasize the role of computer technologies in collecting, analyzing and exploiting information about our planet. Within this presentation we will explain the basic ideas behind our new study program and emphasize the features that distinguish it from classical geodetic or cartographic programs. We will mention the connection between our new study program and several geodetic and software projects running at our institute - software development for real-time GPS applications, cooperation with the Astronomical Institute, University of Berne, on the development of so-called Bernese GPS Software, the GNU project Gama for adjustment of geodetic networks, etc.

The role of computer technology in applied computational chemical-physics

In this paper we would discuss the increasing role played by the past and upcoming silicon technology in solving real computational applications' cases in correlated scientific fields ranging from quantum chemistry, materials science, atomic and molecular physics and bio-chemistry. Although the wide range of computational applications of computer technology in this areas does not permit to have a full rationale of its present and future role, some basic features appear to be so clearly defined that an attempt to find common numerical behaviours become now feasible to be exploited. Several theoretical approaches have been developed in order to study the state of bound and unbound interactions among physical particles with the scope of having a feasible numerical path to the solution of the equations proposed. Apart from the evident scientific diversities among the cited computational fields, it is now becoming clear how they share common numerical devices, in terms of computer architectures, algorithms and low-level functions. This last fact, when coupled with the role of the numerical intensive technology provider who is committed to offer a computational solution to the needs of the scientific users on a common general-purpose computing platform, offers a unique way of analysis of the basic numeric requirements in this area. Some specific computational examples in classical and quantum mechanics of specific biochemistry and physics applications, will be reported in this paper and by the exposition of the basic elements of the theories involved, a discussion on the alternative to — and optimization of — the use of current parallel technologies will be opened. Whenever possible, a comparison between some numerical results obtained on general purpose mid-range parallel machines and forecasts from on silicon routines will be carried out in order to understand the viability of this solution to the (bio)chemical-physics computational community.

Role of computer technology in medical illustration.

Recent improvements of computer technology have resulted in a new approach to medical illustration and the scientific research process. The purpose of this manuscript is to define the current state of the art and to review paths of progress. Using examples, we compared the process of time-intensive hand-rendered art with current art created using new computer technology. Specific emphasis was made on the newest technologies and how high-quality lower cost medical art can now be created. These newly available tools and illustration methods have resulted in a new approach to research, creation, and reproduction of medical art.

Interview With Joyce VanTasssel-Baska

Paula Olszewski-Kubilius: Joyce, you have been working in the field of gifted education for over 25 years. In your opinion, what have been the most significant changes that have occurred during that time? Joyce Van Tassel-Baska: One of the most significant changes has been the talent search programs, both in terms of the mechanism to identify highly gifted students via the Scholastic Aptitude Test and the variety of intervention models that have sprung up in order to serve those students once they have been identified. I would put the talent search in the context of a larger phenomenon that I have seen in the past 25 years: the role of external agencies in providing for gifted and talented learners. These agencies include universities and other special organizations that offer programs and services to families. I think that the greatest developments in the field actually have occurred through these alternative programmatic approaches, not through basic school-based education for the gifted. The second area that I think I would be remiss not to mention is the role of computer technology in what can be offered and provided to gifted and talented students. I think the Stanford EPGY project is indicative of that. But, I also think that the different by-mail programs that have sprung up also are indicative of what can be done through alternative technologies. PO: Can you comment further on your statement that external agencies have had a more profound effect than school-based efforts on providing services for gifted student? JV: That fact is both heartening and depressing at the same time. When I first came into gifted education, it was the grassroots efforts offered in local school districts that we all focused on primarily. That golden age effort that began in the early '70s was quickly derailed by the middle '80s because of schools' concerns about elitism and because of the lack of follow-through funding that would have allowed deeper program development and expansion efforts at local levels. During the middle '80s, agencies other than local schools were very wise to see a need and try to fill it. PO: Do you feel that there has been an area of research that's been most effective in influencing the field of gifted education? JV: I would say that the talent search-based research efforts have had the most profound influences on both policy and practice in the field. I would say that the research done on participants in the talent search programs has been the only systematic research agenda that has really been assiduously pursued in gifted education. It has been pursued by multiple individuals at multiple universities with particular foresight, and all of it is focused on tracking the precocious development of children. There is no other program like talent search with such a solid research base to back up its practices and procedures. PO: Is there any hope for school-based programs for gifted students? JV: I am quite pessimistic about this, yet I think that there is always hope for school-based programs. There will always be islands of excellence--schools that are excellent and outstanding programs within schools--but I think that they will remain islands, unfortunately. I think that such schools will be schools that are less subject to fads and trends, more impervious to influences from the broader social context. There are not a lot of school districts that meet those criteria, but there are some. I also think that it is only in those kinds of places that gifted education will be treated seriously and allowed to develop deeply. PO: What do we do better now in the field of gifted education than we did 25 years ago? JV: Oh, I think we do everything better than we did 25 years ago--when we do it. PO: But the problem is that we are not doing it as much as we were doing it then? JV: The problem is that we are not doing systematically what we are capable of doing. …

Performance of a Computer-Based Troubleshooting Task in the Banking Industry: Examining the Effects of Age, Task Experience, and Cognitive Abilities

This study examined age differences in performance of a simulated real-world computer task per- formed by accounts balancing operators in the banking industry. The task involved using Windows-based software to troubleshoot customer checking accounts that were out of balance. One hundred and five participants from 3 age groups, younger (20-39), middle-aged (40-59), and older (60-75), performed the task over a 3-day period. In addition to measures of task performance, measures of prior computer experience, job knowledge, and cognitive abilities were also collected. The results indicated that the younger participants balanced a significantly greater number of transactions than the middle-aged and older participants and that the performance of the middle-aged participants was significantly better than the older participants but only on the 3rd work day. Significant differences between younger and older participants were also observed for transaction completion times and rates of improvement. Predictor models developed for each of the 3 work days indicated that visuo-motor skills were an important factor in performance. Separate regression models computed for each age group on each of the days suggested that there were different patterns of predictors for the different age groups with increased exposure to the task. Overall, task performance results related to age, experience, and cognitive abilities are discussed in terms of the cognitive demands of the task, the role of computer technology, and differences in cognitive abilities and job knowledge.

Improving health care by understanding patient preferences: the role of computer technology.

If nurses, physicians, and health care planners knew more about patients' health-related preferences, care would most likely be cheaper, more effective, and closer to the individuals' desires. In order for patient preferences to be effectively used in the delivery of health care, it is important that patients be able to formulate and express preferences, that these judgments be made known to the clinician at the time of care, and that these statements meaningfully inform care activities. Decision theory and health informatics offer promising strategies for eliciting subjective values and making them accessible in a clinical encounter in a manner that drives health choices. Computer-based elicitation and reporting tools are proving acceptable to patients and clinicians alike. It is time for the informatics community to turn their attention toward building computer-based applications that support clinicians in the complex cognitive process of integrating patient preferences with scientific knowledge, clinical practice guidelines, and the realities of contemporary health care.

Using Computers to Evaluate Claims at the United Nations Compensation Commission

UNTIL VERY recently it was said that lawyers and the legal profession were falling behind other fields in the use of computer technology. The profession was facing a serious problem in this regard which had not received sufficient attention, and it was only a matter of time before widespread computer illiteracy among lawyers would do harm to their law practices and to the profession.1 These predictions have proven to be wrong. Particularly since 1990, the profession collectively has accelerated the pace of technological change to integrate computers into support functions for numerous aspects of law practice.2 Most lawyers today believe that technology has improved the quality of their work, leading not only to improvements in turnaround time and service, but also to increases in profitability.3 The recent establishment of an on-line alternate dispute resolution pilot program is yet another aspect of the expanding use of computers.4 This article addresses the role of computer technology in a slightly different legal context, at the UN Compensation Commission (the ‘UNCC’), the arbitral claims facility established in 1991 in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. While the use of computers at the UNCC was contemplated from the outset, the widespread reliance on technology has surpassed – necessarily – all initial expectations. The UNCC has worked very hard to develop a system for reviewing more than 1.3 million claims using an impressive technological base for tracking and processing the claims. It uses sophisticated computer databases and uniquely designed programs for registration, tracking, grouping and analyzing the claims, including development of processing criteria; statistical modelling and regression analysis; matching verification evidence to the claims; selection of sample claims; extrapolating sampling results; duplicate and cross-category claims checking; and the calculation and reporting of compensation. The focus here is particularly on …

Teacher and Librarian Partnering to Integrate Computer Technology in the Classroom

This article examines the role of computer technology in developing information literacy skills in elementary and secondary classrooms. Four essential stages of the research process are highlighted, including choosing a topic, accessing information, thinking critically about information, and presenting research findings. For each of these stages, the opportunities afforded through the use of computer technology are explored, as are some concerns arising from computer use. Suggestions for increasing the benefits of computer technology for both teachers and librarians are provided. By planning together and supporting each other, teachers and librarians can more affectively assist students to use the computer technology beneficially for enhancing the research process and learning important information literacy schools.

A Social Interactionist Perspective on Computer Implementation

Abstract The rapid increase in the availability of information technology to planning agencies has raised important questions about the likely effects of these systems on planning practice. Much of this debate has centred around geographic information systems (GIS); yet, for planning practitioners attempting to apply and to derive benefits from this technology, the literature undoubtedly has limitations. This discussion argues that the pivotal relationship is that between the computing technology and its organizational context. This relationship is explored by demonstrating how differing assumptions alter one's understanding of the underlying processes and thus influence expectations about the ease of implementation and the role of computer technology in planning. These differences in assumptions are summarized in three perspectives on implementation: technological determinism, managerial rationalism, and social interactionism. The discussion concludes by examining the implications of the social interactionist perspective for effective computer implementation.

Guest editorial: Toward a technology for science assessment

As we move toward the twenty-first century, computer technology continues to make inroads into every aspect of modern life. Computer microchips are revolutionizing the information processing capabilities of everything that runs on electricity. While computers are gaining wide acceptance in science education as innovative computer-based teaching and learning tools are developed and implemented, their role in educational assessment is clearly the next frontier. While computers have been making their way in education, performance assessment has also come to the fore as a major component of science education reform. Calls for hands-on and process-oriented science education have led to challenges to the existing product-oriented testing measures (which enjoy a virtual monopoly over educational testing). Along with calls for process-based and hands-on science come increasing demands on educators and educational researchers to devise suitable hands-on and processoriented assessment procedures to match the new curriculum objectives. However, administering and scoring nontraditional tests, especially at the national level, are not easy tasks. In this regard, computer technology may provide the needed platform for developing and administering science assessment. How computer technology might be used in science assessment is the primary focus of this special issue. The writing of this volume has brought together members of the educational research community, the science instructional community, the science curriculum development community, and test developers in science from the Educational Testing Service. The articles presented here not only provide a review of the trends and issues in computer-based science assessment, but also challenge us to think critically about the role of computer technology in assessment more generally. The employment of computers in assessment offers hopes and risks. One issue is whether computerbased testing can deliver the kind of validity and reliability test-makers and test-takers have come to expect. Another issue is whether computer-based assessment can be made to correspond to well-established theories of learning, that is, whether they will provide not just an efficient means of testing but an interactive information processing environment as well. Most of the contributors to this volume agree that, while promising, considerable research and development is needed before we can make full use of computer technology for large-scale performance assessment in science. Still, one is tempted to dream that once we have deeper insights into how the mind works and how performance is related to cognitive processes, we can improve process-based assessment tasks that the computer will take over. In time, a more profound understanding of human-computer interactions may lead to the development of an exemplary technology suitable for large-scale performance assessment in science. If such a dream technology emerges, students will benefit cognitively and affectively, and the rewards of science learning will be more meaningful for them and for their instructors.

Implementing “real science” through microcomputers and telecommunications in project-based elementary classrooms

This is a study of an ongoing collaborative project in which science education faculty and upper elementary school teachers investigate the potential of a project-based, technologyrich, environmentally oriented approach to science education in an urban school serving a racially diverse population. Major conclusions based on the experience of participants in this study include: (1) teachers describe their instructional roles in terms highly consistent with student-centered, project-based, experiential learning; (2) teachers believe that what makes science “real” for students is the feeling that they are working on a truly current problem that is also being investigated by others outside their classroom. This is achieved by KidsNet, a microcomputer- and telecommunications-mediated curriculum, in a way that would not be possible without this technology; (3) teachers describe the actual and possible role of computer technology in terms which, while insightful and generally positive, are not clearly related to its flexible use in project-based learning; and (4) while teachers recognize meaningful connections between “off-line” science activities and the use of computer and telecommunications technologies, their students often do not.

Computers in Defence: An Assessment

Computer technology has revolutionised weapons system and hardware during the last decade 'miracle chip' has had impact in all areas of battlefield. The recent Gulf War has amply demonstrated the important role of computer technology in warfare. The best of the high technology was used during the 45 days of air battle followed by 100 hours of ground offensive. Computer and communication formed the heart of every weapon system from Tomahawk, SLAM, Scud, Patriot missile to night vision of tanks and Stealth fighters. This paper discuss the salient features of computer technology used by the US for this truly hi-tech war. the hi-tech weapon systems using computers for achieving surgical precision have been highlighted. The Indian scenario and the important lessons learnt by the use of high technology, primarily based on computers for future wars, have been presented for their applicability in the Indian context.

Specialization V. Socialization: Will information technology affect the outcome?

AbstractIn this paper, the role of computer technology in the specialization/socialization conflict is examined. It is contended that, to a large extent, computers can relieve people from a number of highly specialized tasks, but, on the other hand, they may also be having quite profound effects on the nature of socialization. The paper goes on to consider what the implications of these changes for society might be, and to what extent they are desirable.

HyperCard: teaching technology for successful learning

A brief review of the effectiveness of instructional media is presented, with reference to mastery learning and the effects of illustrations. This is related to the need for instructional media to incorporate both of these essential elements if they are to succeed in enhancing the level of student performance. The role of computer technology, and in particular the authoring system HyperCard, in achieving this is discussed. An experimental program, HyperHeart, is used to illustrate the potential of such a system in biology.

Role of computer technology in developing countries

(1987). Role of computer technology in developing countries. Information Technology for Development: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 43-58.

Contributions and Limitations in the Use of Computers in Counselor Training

This article examines the role of computer technology in counselor preparation. Three aspects of counselor training—acquisition of facts and theory, development of specific skills, and personal and professional development—are discussed in terms of the potential contributions and limitations of computers in training efforts.

COMPUTER-BASED EDUCATION (CBE)

Abstract The article examines the role of computer technology in the educational process and discusses some of the major reasons for the slow evolution of Computer-Based Education (CBE). It also describes the functions CBE technology can perform indeiiveringandsupporting the learningprocess. It goes on to describe several major challenges which education faces and suggests some ways in which CBE may be able to meet and resolve these challenges. Three barriers to the widespread use of CBE are presented, and specific responsibilities are laid out for education, government, and business in their interdependent roles in support of high-quality education. The article closes by noting that the use of CBE technology in education is not a question of whether it should be used but rather how soon it is destined to become the traditional education of tomorrow.