Role In Communication Networks Research Articles

Deciphering Toxic Pollutants Breakdown Potential in Microbial Community of Chumathang Hot Spring, Ladakh, India via Shotgun Metagenome Sequencing.

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have been in focus of research due to their massive contamination ofenvironment and bio-accumulation. Bioremediation and high-throughput research have gained momentum to curb the harmful effects of POPs. The present research has explored the microbial diversity of Chumathang Hot Spring, Ladakh, India, through Illumina metagenomic HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform and their potential to degrade persistent pollutants, especially xenobiotics. Taxonomic characterization based on raw metagenomic data illuminated the abundance of members of Pseudomonadota and Actinomyceota. The re-construction of the microbial genomes from assembled contigs and scaffolds using de novo assembler metaSPAdes and their further annotation through contig alignment with available reference genomes elucidated the landscape of the hot spring's microbes. The predominantly occupied key genera reported were Pannonibacter and Novosphingobium. Comparative genomic analysis established evolutionary relationships and functional diversities among hot spring microbial communities. The function annotation through MG-RAST has revealed their metabolic versatility of degrading a wide array of xenobiotic compounds, including caprolactam, dioxin, chlorobenzene, benzoate, and. Further, the hydroxylating dioxygenase (Saro_3901) was identified as a pivotal component in the aromatic degradation pathways, showcasing extensive metabolic interconnectivity. Interestingly, protein interaction network analysis identified hub genes like Saro_1233 (protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase alpha subunit), while Saro_3057 (amidase) was noted for its critical role in network communication and control. The resilience of thermal ecosystems, evidenced by robust enzymatic activity and degradation capability among organisms with < 95% genetic similarity, underscores their potential for industrial and bioremediation exploration, emphasizing the importance of preserving and studying biodiverse habitats.

A Harris Hawk Optimization with chaotic map based image encryption for multimedia application

Image security plays a vital role in communication networks. Despite advancements in encryption, securing protective image data remains a computationally challenging problem, requiring the use of a secure environment to secure data transmitted from the device through the network. Encryption is essential for safeguarding essential data against unauthorized access or malfunction, especially for images. The contribution of the proposed model is to provide an analytical hybrid Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) with a chaotic map approach which can be used to improve the overall performance of standard encryption techniques in image-based encrypted communication. Previously, the algorithm computes numerous chaotic Logistic map and an encrypted images, where the pending plain image calculates the session key for the map’s input parameters. Afterwards, encrypted images are presented as hawks and made to work well with HHO. The optimized ciphered image is expressed as a fitness function using correlation coefficients related to nearby pixels. When compared to existing algorithms, the proposed NPCR (99%), UACI (33%), and entropy (7.97) demonstrate superior performance. The proposed hybrid approach outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of security while preserving image quality.

Design of security management model for communication networks in digital cultural consumption under Metaverse – The case of mobile game

Under Metaverse, security management of communication networks in digital cultural consumption has attracted more and more attention. As we know, security risks of communication networks caused by non-human factors are becoming weaker and weaker due to technology optimization. Meanwhile, players play significant and increasing role in communication networks. Taking mobile games as an example, this paper designed and applied the security management model to improve security management of communication networks in digital cultural consumption under Metaverse. The results show that: (1) The physiological, psychological, pathological, pharmacological, physical and psychosocial factors exert tremendous influence on communication networks. The psychosocial factors are more prominent. (2) There is security threshold in communication networks. It means that the security state can be entered if security threshold is crossed. This paper designs security threshold as the III level (5.5 ≤ P < 6.5). (3) This paper proposes 3E rules (That is, engineering, education, enforcement). It is beneficial to deal with security risks in communication networks. (4) After two security evaluations, the result is G2 = 6.70 > G1 = 5.01. This confirms the effectiveness of the security management model.

Temporary alteration of neuronal network communication is a protective response to redox imbalance that requires GPI-anchored prion protein

Cellular prion protein (PrPC) protects neurons against oxidative stress damage. This role is lost upon its misfolding into insoluble prions in prion diseases, and correlated with cytoskeletal breakdown and neurophysiological deficits. Here we used mouse neuronal models to assess how PrPC protects the neuronal cytoskeleton, and its role in network communication, from oxidative stress damage. Oxidative stress was induced extrinsically by potassium superoxide (KO2) or intrinsically by Mito-Paraquat (MtPQ), targeting the mitochondria. In mouse neural lineage cells, KO2 was damaging to the cytoskeleton, with cells lacking PrPC (PrP-/-) damaged more than wild-type (WT) cells. In hippocampal slices, KO2 acutely inhibited neuronal communication in WT controls without damaging the cytoskeleton. This inhibition was not observed in PrP-/- slices. Neuronal communication and the cytoskeleton of PrP-/- slices became progressively disrupted and degenerated post-recovery, whereas the dysfunction in WT slices recovered in 5 days. This suggests that the acute inhibition of neuronal activity in WT slices in response to KO2 was a neuroprotective role of PrPC, which PrP-/- slices lacked. Heterozygous expression of PrPC was sufficient for this neuroprotection. Further, hippocampal slices from mice expressing PrPC without its GPI anchor (PrPGPI-/-) displayed acute inhibition of neuronal activity by KO2. However, they failed to restore normal activity and cytoskeletal formation post-recovery. This suggests that PrPC facilitates the depressive response to KO2 and its GPI anchoring is required to restore KO2-induced damages. Immuno spin-trapping showed increased radicals formed on the filamentous actin of PrP-/- and PrPGPI-/- slices, but not WT and PrP+/- slices, post-recovery suggesting ongoing dysregulation of redox balance in the slices lacking GPI-anchored PrPC. The MtPQ treatment of hippocampal slices temporarily inhibited neuronal communication independent of PrPC expression. Overall, GPI-anchored PrPC alters synapses and neurotransmission to protect and repair the neuronal cytoskeleton, and neuronal communication, from extrinsically induced oxidative stress damages.

“Bharat Singh’s Stuffed Otter”: discovery in 1818 of Ailurus fulgens, the Himalayan red panda

Thomas Hardwicke’s use of a Nepali vernacular name “Wah” for Ailurus fulgens (red panda, also known as the lesser panda or red bear-cat) in his 1821 report to the Linnean Society of London, and its eventual publication in 1827, has enabled a connection to be made between a mysterious “stuffed otter” found in a Kathmandu bazaar in 1818 and an illustration from Hardwicke’s natural history collection held at the Linnean Society of London. The “stuffed otter” was referred to in letters from Edward Gardner of the British Residency in Kathmandu to Nathaniel Wallich in the Calcutta Botanic Garden. These reveal the seminal role played by Bharat Singh in the realization that this animal was unusual and in his procuring further specimens and ecological information about it from traders in Nepal. Singh was one of Wallich’s plant collectors stationed in Kathmandu and was probably also the source of red panda specimens sent to Paris by Alfred Duvaucel. Duvuacel’s specimens were used by Frédéric Cuvier as the basis of the first scientific description of the species in 1825, which predated that of Hardwicke by two years. The importance of indigenous knowledge in scientific discovery in the Indian subcontinent and role of communication networks are demonstrated. Hidden stories such as these can be uncovered by close scrutiny of archival sources, in this case predominately the Wallich Correspondence at the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden and the Hardwicke material at the Linnean Society of London, and make a significant contribution to the decolonization of collections held in the West.

Public Opinion Manipulation on Social Media: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Bots during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Social media is not only an essential platform for the dissemination of public health-related information, but also an important channel for people to communicate during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, social bots can interfere with the social media topics that humans follow. We analyzed and visualized Twitter data during the prevalence of the Wuhan lab leak theory and discovered that 29% of the accounts participating in the discussion were social bots. We found evidence that social bots play an essential mediating role in communication networks. Although human accounts have a more direct influence on the information diffusion network, social bots have a more indirect influence. Unverified social bot accounts retweet more, and through multiple levels of diffusion, humans are vulnerable to messages manipulated by bots, driving the spread of unverified messages across social media. These findings show that limiting the use of social bots might be an effective method to minimize the spread of conspiracy theories and hate speech online.

Large Dispersion Silicon Bragg Grating for Full-Field 40-GBd QPSK Phase Retrieval Receiver

Optical devices that introduce and compensate for dispersion serve an important role in communication networks, photonic signal processing, and nonlinear optics. In this article, we demonstrate a silicon photonic Bragg grating which simultaneously achieves a large dispersion and wide bandwidth. We measure the grating to have a dispersion of −146 ps/nm over a 171 GHz bandwidth, representing the highest demonstrated grating dispersion over this wide bandwidth in a standard thickness silicon photonics process. Additionally, we show a significant reduction of group delay ripple by tuning the grating using an integrated phase shifter array to address fabrication variations. We further use the silicon grating as a dispersive element in a direct-detection phase retrieval receiver for 40 GBd quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals and achieve a bit error rate (BER) below the 20% forward error correction (FEC) threshold. These results establish the potential for scalable silicon photonic circuits leveraging large dispersion for optical communication and other applications.

Research on Virtual Interactive Animation Design System Based on Deep Learning.

With the rapid development of computer network technology, the advantages of virtual reality technology in the field of instant messaging are becoming more and more significant. Virtual reality technology plays an important role in communication networks, including enhanced resource utilization, device redundancy, immersion, interactivity, conceptualization, and holography. In this paper, we use the basic theory of Restricted Boltzmann Machine to establish a semisupervised spatio-temporal feature model through the animation capture data style recognition problem. The bottom layer can be pretrained with a large amount of unlabeled data to enhance the model's feature perception capability of animation data, and then train the high-level supervised model with the labeled data to finally obtain the model parameters that can be used for the recognition task. The layer-by-layer training method makes the model have good parallelism, that is, when the layer-by-layer training method makes the model well parallelized, that is, when the bottom features cannot effectively represent the animation features, such as overfitting or underfitting, only the bottom model needs to be retrained, while the top model parameters can be kept unchanged. Simulation experiments show that the design assistance time of this paper's scheme for animation is reduced by 10 minutes compared to baseline.

Novel multilayer SISO shift register architecture in QCA technology and its usage in communications

SummaryThe QCA technology is a promising emerging technology at nano‐scale for replacing CMOS technology. Shift register has a vital role in communication networks and digital electronic circuits that are the main components of integrated circuits and memory. In this study, novel and efficient delay circuit (pseudo‐D‐Latch) is designed. Then, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐bit SISO QCA shift register architectures are developed and evaluated in single layer, 3‐layer and 5‐layer using the designed delay circuit. The designed architectures are evaluated using QCADesigner‐E tool version 2.2. The results demonstrate that the pseudo‐D‐Latch circuit contains 17 cells and 0.01 μm2 area. The 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐bit single layer SISO QCA shift register architecture contains 63 (0.05 μm2), 85 (0.66 μm2), and 107 (0.08 μm2) cells (area), respectively. The 3‐ and 4‐bit 3‐layer SISO QCA shift register architecture contains 63 (0.03 μm2) and 84 (0.03 μm2) cells (area), respectively. The 3‐ and 5‐bit 5‐layer SISO QCA shift register architecture contains 62 (0.02 μm2) and 105 (0.032 μm2) cells (area), respectively. These results show that the designed QCA architectures provide improvements compared with other SISO QCA architectures.

Investigation of physical resilience of bazaar of Kashan against earthquake (with emphasis on the role of communication networks and open space)

Investigation of physical resilience of bazaar of Kashan against earthquake (with emphasis on the role of communication networks and open space)

Modified device key generation algorithm and A* algorithm to optimize the security measures based on trust value in device-to-device communications

Security plays a vital role in communication networks. Since the nodes are mobile in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), they are vulnerable to different types of attacks. Because of its mobility nature, any node can enter the network at any time based on the coverage of the network. No centralized mechanism is found to verify or authenticate the nodes that are arriving/leaving the network. An algorithm is proposed for secure communication between source and destination based on the QoS parameters is called modified device key generation algorithm (MDKGA). This algorithm elects an agent node based on the QoS parameters. Agent node is responsible for secure key generation and distribution of keys among the nodes. The neighboring node selection is based on trust value which acts as a heuristic function to select the node using A* algorithm. Various performance metrics are also analyzed. Comparison study has been carried out between the protocols of MANET.

Соціальні мережі й архівні практики

The purpose of the article is to explore the content, functions, model of Internet communication based on social networks, the main directions and prospects of relevant archival practices in Ukraine. The research methodology is based on modern basic scientifi c approaches of interdisciplinary, sociocommunicative, system content and a set of general scientifi c methods, including methods of deduction, induction, modelling, abstraction, structural-system analysis, synthesis, comparative studies, etc. The general tendencies of development of network communication are investigated, its features, functions, role of social networks in a life of professional corporation, establishments on an example of profi les of archival institutions of Ukraine and abroad are defi ned, their content is analyzed, strong and weak points are pointed out, other kinds of application of information and communication technologies are offered in order to modernize the archival industry. At the same time, they used comparative, generalizing, structuralsystem methods. The object-subject sphere of research led to the application of a socio-communicative approach, which made it possible to present the archive as a complex information system. The scientifi c novelty of the study lies in the actualization of the latest trend in archival practice – communication based on social networks. Priority social networks have been identifi ed, the content of profi les has been analyzed, quantitative indicators of user audiences of accounts of archival institutions of Ukraine and foreign countries have been compared, the main types and forms of work of managers with visitors, readers of personal records have been clarifi ed. Conclusions. By «network communication» we mean a hub of data translators through Internet channels, which are characterized by high capabilities of information fl ows and the ability to accumulate huge amounts of information and its intensive exchange for the widest audience of users united by the communication platform. The main functions of network communication are information and communication. Its specifi city is the ability of the recipient to be at the same time a communicator. An important role in network communication belongs to the manager of social networks and the result is determined by the correct targeting of the audience, successful contact with users and the content that should be useful and interesting for them. Advertising, public relations, branding, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, and other marketing technologies can become a priority for archival institutions in the areas of communication mediated by social networks. We do not consider the issue of the presence of archival institutions in social networks to be the main one, but today it is relevant and needs attention.

Key Technology Analysis of Malicious Code Emergency Response in Computer Communication Network Security

Modern computers and network technologies are constantly improving. The role of communication networks in people's learning, work, and life is also increasingly important. However, there are still many security risks in computer communication networks. Malicious code is one of the main factors that threaten its stability and security. This paper studies the key technologies of malicious code emergency response in computer communication network security, and provides a useful reference for computer communication network security defense.

Effects of Subsoil Characteristics on the Earthquake Loading of Steel Lattice Telecommunication Towers in the South Asia

Self-supporting lattice towers, which are having quite a few unique structural features, play a vital role in communication networks. Ensuring structural stability of these giant structures under all possible natural and human threats are vital as failures of such structures may cause a catastrophic human &amp; property damages. Further, possible communication outages caused by failure of tower/towers in disaster situation are a critical as it may hamper rescue and other emergency operations. This was experienced by South and South East Asian countries during 2004 Tsunami. Hence, need of mitigating these situations have been highlighted by various reports. Therefore, ensuring structural integrity of self-supporting lattice towers under seismic forces is an essential and timely need. This paper discusses a seismic performance of four leg and three leg lattice towers under Response Spectrum analysis under different sub soil conditions. Results of seismic analyseshas also been compared with wind analyses results.

An Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Network Based on Free Space Optical Communication

The hierarchical distributed network topology combined with traditional wireless routing algorithm is adopted and improved by through introducing energy model of FSO sensor network to study the method of extend network nodes life in special occasion. The OEEMRP protocol (Optical Efficient Energy Multi-Path Routing Protocol) is also proposed. The protocol also can save the node energy and improve the network survival time. In the simulation, we compare and analyze performance difference of death node number and residual energy in LEACH and OEEMRP algorithm. The result shows that improved routing algorithm can make network node more intensive, and in the condition of large network size, the performance will be improved significantly. In a word, it has significant role in network communication.

Distributed Large-Scale Co-Simulation for IoT-Aided Smart Grid Control

An important goal of smart grid is to leverage modern digital communication infrastructure to help control power systems more effectively. As more and more Internet of Things (IoT) devices with measurement and/or control capability are designed and deployed for a more stable and efficient power system, the role of communication network has become more important. To evaluate the performance of control algorithms for inter-dependent power grid and communication network, a test bed that could simulate inter-dependent power grid and communication network is desirable. In this paper, we demonstrate the design and implementation of a novel co-simulator, which would effectively evaluate IoT-aided algorithms for scheduling the jobs of electrical appliances. There are three major features of our co-simulator: 1) large-scale test is achieved by distributed modules that are designed based on a Turing-indistinguishable approach; 2) remote servers or test devices are controlled by local graphical user interface (we only need to configure the simulator on a local server); 3) a software virtual network approach is employed to emulate real networks, which significantly reduces the cost of real-world test beds. To evaluate our co-simulator, two energy consumption scheduling algorithms are implemented. Experimental results show that our co-simulator could effectively evaluate these methods. Thus our co-simulator is a powerful tool for utility companies and policy makers to commission novel IoT devices or methods in future smart grid infrastructure.

Role of Communication Networks in the Formation of Shared Leadership and Team Performance

Shared leadership is a type of team leadership structure through which multiple team members perform team leadership functions in their pursuit of team goals. In the current study, we develop a mul...

Review of Security Research on Address Resolution Protocols

Address resolution protocols (ARPs includes ARP, NDP, SEND, etc.) play an important role in network communication; the security of the ARPs is the premise and guarantee of network security. ARPs consists of three phases: acquisition of the mapping of the target address; duplicate address detection; data structure maintenance. In this paper, we analyze the existing ARPs according to these three phases, analyze security threats and the corresponding attack methods; classify and describe the existing studies on ARPs security. Our analysis shows that the main factors that restrict the development of ARPs are the contradiction between efficiency and cost and the lack of theoretical support in protocol design. Finally, the development of ARPs is prospected.

Resting-state oscillatory dynamics in sensorimotor cortex in benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes and typical brain development.

Benign Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes (BECTS) is a common childhood epilepsy associated with deficits in several neurocognitive domains. Neurophysiological studies in BECTS often focus on centro-temporal spikes, but these correlate poorly with morphology and cognitive impairments. To better understand the neural profile of BECTS, we studied background brain oscillations, thought to be integrally involved in neural network communication, in sensorimotor areas. We used independent component analysis of temporally correlated sources on magnetoencephalography recordings to assess sensorimotor resting-state network activity in BECTS patients and typically developing controls. We also investigated the variability of oscillatory characteristics within focal primary motor cortex (M1), localized with a separate finger abduction task. We hypothesized that background oscillations would differ between patients and controls in the sensorimotor network but not elsewhere, especially in the beta band (13-30 Hz) because of its role in network communication and motor processing. The results support our hypothesis: in the sensorimotor network, patients had a greater variability in oscillatory amplitude compared to controls, whereas there was no difference in the visual network. Network measures did not correlate with age. The coefficient of variation of resting M1 peak frequency correlated negatively with age in the beta band only, and was greater than average for a number of patients. Our results point toward a "disorganized" functional sensorimotor network in BECTS, supporting a neurodevelopmental delay in sensorimotor cortex. Our findings further suggest that investigating the variability of oscillatory peak frequency may be a useful tool to investigate deficits of disorganization in neurodevelopmental disorders.

The organisation of the elderly connectome

Investigations of the human connectome have elucidated core features of adult structural networks, particularly the crucial role of hub-regions. However, little is known regarding network organisation of the healthy elderly connectome, a crucial prelude to the systematic study of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, whole-brain probabilistic tractography was performed on high-angular diffusion-weighted images acquired from 115 healthy elderly subjects (age 76–94years; 65 females). Structural networks were reconstructed between 512 cortical and subcortical brain regions. We sought to investigate the architectural features of hub-regions, as well as left–right asymmetries, and sexual dimorphisms. We observed that the topology of hub-regions is consistent with a young adult population, and previously published adult connectomic data. More importantly, the architectural features of hub connections reflect their ongoing vital role in network communication. We also found substantial sexual dimorphisms, with females exhibiting stronger inter-hemispheric connections between cingulate and prefrontal cortices. Lastly, we demonstrate intriguing left-lateralized subnetworks consistent with the neural circuitry specialised for language and executive functions, whilst rightward subnetworks were dominant in visual and visuospatial streams. These findings provide insights into healthy brain ageing and provide a benchmark for the study of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).