Influence Of Role Models Research Articles

Biomedical science students’ intended graduate destinations

Undergraduate students enrolled in generalist degrees, such as biomedical science, have diverse potential graduate pathways that they may choose to pursue. The aims of this study were to evaluate the intended graduate destinations of students, the reasons they chose to study science and the perceived value of the skills they are acquiring for their intended profession. The participants were second year biomedical science students at the University of Queensland. Their responses to open-ended questions regarding their intentions, choices and perceptions were subjected to thematic analysis. Three-quarters of students mentioned one intended profession, with the remainder mentioning two or more. Overall, they identified 53 different intended graduate destinations in the fields of medicine (69%), research (34%), the science industry (14%) and allied health (8%). As reasons for studying science, students commonly reported their interest in science, the influence of role models and enjoyment or academic success in prior study. Many students, particularly those intent on pursuing medicine, said they planned to use science as a pathway to a postgraduate degree. Importantly, all students perceived that the skills they were acquiring in their degree were highly applicable to their future intended professions.

Role Models in Language Learning: Results of a Large-Scale International Survey

Abstract Role models can exert considerable influence in shaping individuals’ values, attitudes, and beliefs. A large body of work in the social sciences has investigated the influence of celebrity role models, and in the context of education, several disciplines have a rich research history in this area (e.g. medical education). However, in the context of second language acquisition, research centred on role models has largely remained on the periphery. This study presents a large-scale international survey investigating the role models of English language learners. With data collected from 8,472 participants, analysis investigated whether these learners had English language role models, who the role models were and what characteristics learners valued in them, and investigated systematic variation among subgroups. Results showed that 68 per cent of respondents reported having an English language role model, and four key role model dimensions emerged: overall command of English, paralinguistic features, personal attributes and accent/variety of English. We argue that role modelling may be a highly influential component of the psychological context of second-language acquisition, and conclude by highlighting several valuable areas for future research.

Exploring nursing students' use of the Fundamentals of Care framework in case-based work.

To explore how nursing students perceive and use the conceptual Fundamentals of Care framework in case-based work in nursing education and furthermore to describe influencing factors on perceptions and use of the framework. The Fundamentals of Care framework has been integrated in core courses in two Schools of Nursing in Region North Denmark in response to studies reporting that nursing students and newly graduated nurses lack the knowledge, skills and competencies to meet the challenges of delivering fundamental care in clinical practice. An integration of the framework in case-based work in nursing education has not previously been studied. The study design was focused ethnography. Data were collected using participant observations, focus group interviews and individual interviews. Four groups of four to five nursing students participating in case-based work sessions and three faculty members from two Schools of Nursing were included. The study adhered to COREQ. The results show an uncertainty among the students about how to understand and use the conceptual framework in case-based work. The uncertainties derive from diversities in faculty members' perceptions and curricular planning among others. However, the framework appears to support the students' learning about what nursing is and requires. The study indicates that integrating Fundamentals of Care framework in case-based work may be one way of teaching nursing students the complexities of integrated fundamental nursing care. However, there is a need to consider how to support students in articulating Fundamentals of Care, and to draw attention to the influence of role models and curricular planning. The study provides knowledge relevant when customising future educational interventions regarding the integration of Fundamentals of Care in nursing education and may provide valuable knowledge of evaluation strategies.

Improving Self-Control: The Influence of Role Models on Intertemporal Choices.

The ability to delay rewards is one of the most useful qualities one may wish to develop. People who possess this quality achieve more successful careers, display better interpersonal skills and are less vulnerable to psychopathology, obesity or addictions. In the present online studies, we investigated the extent to which delay-of-reward behaviors in female participants can be improved by observing others mastering it. We developed an intertemporal choice (IC) paradigm in which participants had to make fictitious choices between sooner smaller rewards and later bigger ones (e.g., $150 in 1 week vs. $170 in 4 weeks). In Study 1 (N = 186), we found that participants who delayed more had higher socioeconomic statuses and were less likely to procrastinate, smoke or develop obesity. In Study 2 (N = 178), we exposed female participants to a role model who, faced with ICs, chose most of the time the delayed option. Results showed that, although participants were only asked to memorize the model’s decisions, they tended to choose the delayed option more often after than before exposure to the model. In Study 3 (N = 148), we found that the direction of the influence depended on the model’s behavior: our female participants delayed more after having seen a high delay than a low delay model. In Study 4 (N = 370), we confirmed the effect of modeling on ICs in comparison to a control condition and showed that this effect was still significant 3 months after exposure to the model. Altogether, these results speak in favor of a high efficacy of modeling to develop self-control in women.

Learning from Role Models in Early-Stage Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Processual Analysis

Role models have received substantial attention in the field of entrepreneurship. While much of researchers’ interest has been on the influence of role models on the decision to engage entrepreneur...

Determinants of Mathematics-Related Career Choice Among Senior Secondary School Students in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

This study was designed to identify the determinants of mathematics-related career choice among senior secondary school students in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. It explicitly focused on parents influence, academic ability, peer group influence, influence of various teaching methods employed in teaching mathematics, students’ interest, gender differences and role models influences as basic determinants of mathematics-related career choice. A survey research design was employed for the study, with the researcher developed Students Career Determinant Questionnaire – SCDQ (Cronbach Alpha Coefficient = 0.82) administered to a sample of 125 senior secondary school students who want to major in mathematics-related careers. These students were drawn randomly from five different secondary schools chosen via stratified random sampling in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. Analysis of the data obtained from the SCDQ revealed that parents have a huge influence on senior secondary school students’ choice of career even if the careers of such parents may not be mathematics inclined and the parents may not insist or suggest that their students major in mathematics related careers. The study also revealed that career choice determinants such as students’ academic ability (cluster mean score = 2.73), peer group influences (cluster mean score = 2.69), various teaching methods employed in schools (cluster mean score = 3.05), students interest (cluster mean score = 2.89), gender differences (cluster mean score = 2.64) and role model influences (cluster mean score = 2.68), all have positive high influences on mathematics related career choice decisions of students. The results indicated that the various teaching methods employed in schools have the highest influence on mathematics-related career choice among senior secondary school students with a cluster mean of 3.05. Based on these findings it was recommended that mathematics teachers should endeavour to employ modern teaching methods in their classroom lessons to ensure attainment of mathematics related-career goals among these secondary school students.

Which Role Model Is More Effective in Entrepreneurship Education? An Investigation of Storytelling on Individual's Entrepreneurial Intention.

Entrepreneurial stories, such as the breathtaking experience of Steve Jobs, are often adopted as an effective teaching instrument to promote individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions in entrepreneurship education. Prior research highlights the role model’s influence and the positive effect of entrepreneurial stories, which is taken for granted in many circumstances. Since most research has treated storytelling in teaching as an undifferentiated whole, few researchers have teased out the distinctive effect of different types of entrepreneurial stories, namely that between successful stories and failure stories, and between idol stories and peer stories. To deepen our knowledge about how distinctive entrepreneurial stories affect entrepreneurial intentions, we conducted two experimental studies on 150 undergraduate students in entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs). Results show that, through the intermediary variable of entrepreneurial passion, both successful stories and failure stories positively influence entrepreneurial intentions as educators presumed, but successful role model stories have a greater impact than failure stories. While idol stories, rather than peer stories, are more inclined to arouse individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, we find that individuals with low entrepreneurial self-efficacy are less affected by the storytelling process.

The Perceived Influence of Role Models and Early Career Development in Native and Migrant Youth

Role models provide youth with valuable information on how to pursue their career goals. However, whether the presence of role models is related to career development beyond social support has not been sufficiently addressed. We investigated how perceived role model influence and social support were related to goal engagement among 191 students and to work engagement among 500 apprentices, and whether these effects were mediated by occupational self-efficacy. We further examined differences between native and migrant youth. Data were analyzed using multigroup structural equation modeling. Our results suggested that engagement was related to role model influence beyond its relationship with social support among students and apprentices. However, this relationship was not found for migrant students. There were no significant indirect effects of role model influence on engagement via self-efficacy among students and apprentices. Our results suggest that role models should be acknowledged as a distinct facilitator of adolescents’ work-related engagement.

Unsettling pathways: how some settlers come to seek reconciliation with Indigenous peoples

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the pathways taken by some settlers toward engaging in activities whose stated aims include reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. Drawing on in-depth, one-on-one interviews with forty non-Indigenous Canadians who attended at least one Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada event each, we analyze how participants came to be involved in the TRC, and how they came to care about Indigenous issues generally. Guided by a synthesis of Paulette Regan’s [Unsettling the Settler Within: Indian Residential Schools, Truth Telling, and Reconciliation in Canada (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010)] pedagogical framework for ‘unsettling the settler within’ and Mark Warren’s [Fire in the Heart: How White Activists Embrace Racial Justice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010)] theory of the ‘seminal experiences’ that lead some white Americans to pursue racial justice, our data analysis reveals six facilitating conditions commonly encountered by settler Canadians on their ways to seeking reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. These conditions include: unsettling lessons on residential schools and other colonial policies and practices, meaningful relationships with Indigenous persons, witnessing social injustice in Canada or abroad, prior social justice activism, personal experiences of marginalization, and the influence of role models. Participants also reported several common challenges, which, depending on how they are managed, may inhibit or promote deepened commitment to reconciliation activism. Theoretical and practical implications are explored.

Perceptions of water and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption habits among teens, parents and teachers in the rural south-western USA.

The present research aimed to describe perceptions and behaviours around the consumption of water and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) by youths. A formative, qualitative study which conducted four focus groups. Transcripts were analysed and themes related to reasons youths drink SSB and water, and conversely do not drink SSB and water, were analysed to reveal thematic clusters around sensory factors, environment and policy, access, marketing and role model influences, and health risks. A rural, tri-ethnic community in New Mexico, USA.ParticipantsMiddle- and high-school students, parents and teachers. Although youths and adults were aware of the health risks of soda, they did not translate this information to other SSB, including sports drinks and sweetened tea. Moreover, their perceptions of risks of dyes outweighed their concern with sugar. Youths and adults were aware of water's health benefits, but they focused on short-term benefits. Youths and adults perceived water as unappealing. Adults were also concerned with water safety and access. This formative research has implications for decreasing SSB consumption and simultaneously increasing water intake among youths in rural communities. Addressing unique access and safety concerns related to water in rural communities, as well as increasing awareness of the risks of all types of SSB, can work together in a positive feedback loop to change perceptions and behaviours with long-term health consequences. Specific policy suggestions include strengthening school policies to restrict all types of SSB and water promotion efforts that address access, safety and health benefits.

Pengaruh Role Model dan Religiusitas Terhadap Perilaku Antikorupsi pada Mahasiswa Organisatoris di Jawa Timur

<p>Indonesia is ranked in 117 out of 175 from the most corrupt countries in the world. The corruption phenomenon can be analyzed from the individual micro elements. In a person's life, there are people considered as a role model / anti-corruption figures. Considering that one could not control his desire, he tends to justify any way for his pleasure. It might be said that self-control is closely related to religiosity. In fact, corruption not only happens in official governors, but also in university students. It is ironic when we compare it with the ideal expectations of the community toward students as the future generation. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of role models and religiosity toward anti-corruption behavior. Quota Sampling is used to collect the data ( 440 students from nine universities in East Java) and moderated regression analysis (MRA) is utilised to analyze them. The result shows that the religiosity variable can not moderate independence and dependence variables. Nevertheless, role models have a significant effect to predict anti-corruption behavior by 12.7%. Of four role model figures, teacher/lecturer figure has the largest contribution by 12,7% toward anti-corruption behavior. Unfortunately, this figure is considered having low anti-corruption behaviour by their student. The result of this research would be recommendation for the government to find the right agent to prevent and intervene corruption behavior and for the students to choose the right figure in fostering anti-corruption behaviour.</p>

Does Exposure to Counterstereotypical Role Models Influence Girls' and Women's Gender Stereotypes and Career Choices? A Review of Social Psychological Research.

Gender roles are formed in early childhood and continue to influence behavior through adolescence and adulthood, including the choice of academic majors and careers. In many countries, men are underrepresented in communal roles in health care, elementary education, and domestic functions (HEED fields, Croft et al., 2015), whereas women are underrepresented in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) fields (Beede et al., 2011) and top leadership positions (Leopold et al., 2016). Theories focusing on the development of gender roles suggest that across the lifespan people perceive certain roles to be more or less appropriate for their gender (e.g., Gender Schema Theory, Martin and Halverson, 1981; Social Role Theory, Eagly and Wood, 2011). Specifically, researchers have postulated that observing same-sex role models triggers learning processes whereby observers internalize gender-stereotypical knowledge of roles and act accordingly, which results in gender-congruent aspirations and behavior. It seems reasonable that if observing men and women in gender congruent roles fosters gender-congruent aspirations and behavior, then frequently observing gender-incongruent role models (e.g., male kindergarten teachers or female scientists and leaders) should reduce gender stereotyping and promote gender-counterstereotypical aspirations and behavior. In many countries, governments and societal decision-makers have formed initiatives based on the idea that exposure to gender-counterstereotypical role models influences aspirations and career choices among children, adolescents, and young adults. The present review gives an overview of research-based interventions involving observing or interacting with counterstereotypical role models, particularly focusing on outcomes for girls and women. Extending earlier reviews, we summarize laboratory-based and field-based studies and then critically discuss and integrate the findings in order to provide an overall picture of how counterstereotypical role models shape observers’ occupational aspirations and academic choices in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. We conclude by outlining suggestions for future research and briefly discussing implications for future interventions.

‘The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled’: The influence of positive role models on the development and retention of female maxillofacial surgeons-in-training in the UK and the impact of lifestyle factors

‘The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled’: The influence of positive role models on the development and retention of female maxillofacial surgeons-in-training in the UK and the impact of lifestyle factors

Demographic and Practice Characteristics of Physicians Who Care for Medically Underserved People: A National Survey.

Few national studies have examined the influence of role models as a potential predictor for caring for medically underserved (MUS) patients. This study tested associations between previous physician role model exposure and caring for MUS populations, as well as examines the practice environments of these physicians. Between October and December 2011, we mailed a confidential questionnaire to a representative sample of 2000 US physicians from various specialties. The primary criterion variable was "Is your patient population considered medically underserved?" We assessed demographic and other personal characteristics (calling, spirituality, and reporting a familial role model). We also asked about their practice characteristics, including a validated measure that assessed whether their work environment was considered chaotic/hectic or calm. The survey response rate was 64.5% (1289/2000). Female physicians and African American physicians were more likely to report working in MUS settings (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 1.32, confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.76 and OR 2.65, CI 1.28-5.46, respectively). Physicians with high spirituality (OR 1.69, CI 1.02-2.79) and who reported familial role model exposure (OR 1.91, CI 1.11-3.30) also were associated with working with MUS populations. Physicians who worked in academic medical centers (OR 1.93, CI 1.45-2.56) and in chaotic work environments (OR 3.25, CI 1.64-6.44) also were more likely to report working with MUS patients. Familial role models may be influencing physicians to work with MUS patients, but the quality of their current work environments raises concerns about the long-term retention of physicians in MUS settings.

The role of inspiring role models in enhancing entrepreneurial intention

Although current research highlights the importance of prior exposure to entrepreneurial role models in the decision to start and pursue entrepreneurial careers, the mechanism through which role models strengthen entrepreneurial intentions has not been fully understood. Against this background, the current paper investigates the influence of role models, entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial self-efficacies using a sample of 423 University students in Poland. Through a novel fuzzy-set analysis method, three distinct combinations of the variables under study are found to be most effective for strengthening entrepreneurial intention among university students. By implication, these findings task entrepreneurship educators to concurrently foster the three dimensions in the process of nurturing entrepreneurial careers within their student body.

PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN USAHA MANDIRI MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL

This study aims to determine the decision of students to have independent business STIE Malangkucecwara Malang in terms of internal and external factors. The type of research is descriptive. The sample of this research is 54 students from class of 2013-2015. The results of the study prove that the majority of sex students have independent business in STIE Malangkucecwara Malang is a woman. Internal factors students have independent business based on risk-taking, internal locus of control, self-generated motivation, the need for freedom, and creative ideas. External factors that encourage students to have independent business are: the influence of role models, family and friends support, opportunities, life satisfaction, and education. The results of this study are supported by previous researches: Indarti, Nurul and Rokhima Rostiani (2008), Yulia, Wasa and Dwi Endah Kusrini (2010), Zulkifli (2011), Ifham, Ahmad and Avin Helmi (2011), and Chasbiansari, Dyas (2007).

From the Sleeping Princess to the World-Saving Daughter of the Chief: Examining Young Children’s Perceptions of ‘Old’ versus ‘New’ Disney Princess Characters

Both popular and academic discourse has noted progressive change in the gender role portrayals of much-loved Disney princess characters. However, at present, little is known about children’s recognition of such changes, or of their interpretation of princesses’ gendered behavior. This study therefore asked 131 8–9-year-old UK children to attribute various feminine and masculine characteristics to ‘princesses’ both before and after watching an ‘old’ (Sleeping Beauty) versus ‘new’ (Moana) Disney princess movie. Post-movie they were also asked to attribute these characteristics to the princess characters (Aurora and Moana respectively) and were assessed on their labelling of thirteen popular female characters as ‘princesses’. Results showed that whilst children recognized the largely feminine versus androgynous gendered profiles of Aurora versus Moana respectively, viewing a ‘newer’ Disney movie did not change their perception of ‘princesses’ more broadly. Moreover, a large proportion of children did not identify Moana as a princess at all. Results therefore simultaneously complicate and enhance the current discussion regarding the influence of gender role models, particularly those within the Disney franchise, on the development of gender knowledge and identity in young children.

“I Want to Be Like You!”: The Influence of Role Models on Entrepreneurial Intention

Explaining individual’s entrepreneurial intention is a central element in entrepreneurship research. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that role models have an indirect effect on students’ entrepreneurial intention. We draw on a sample of 266 individuals and apply structural equation modeling. Our results show that role models have a positive and significant influence on entrepreneurial intention via the antecedents described in the theory of planned behavior, the entrepreneurial event model, and the integrated version of these models. With our study, we aim to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the path through which role models influence entrepreneurial intention.

The Influence of local entrepreneurial environment and role models in motivating youths to create a new enterprise

Governments in almost all countries provide incentives to promote entrepreneurship generally andto establish new enterprises particularly. Creating new enterprises has also been an important goal inregional development policies of a country. However, what makes a person establish an enterprise stillremains the most important question. This study investigates the issue among final-year students infour different secondary schools from western Norway. The results show that local entrepreneurialenvironment and role models are important factors to contribute to and/or correlated with youngpeople’s desire to create a new enterprise. In addition to extending the prior results, our study supportsthe previous findings regarding the importance of social capital and desire for independence. Itshould, however, especially be noted that leadership ambitions was an important correlate underlyingestablishment of an enterprise among youths. Therefore, this study recommends including activitiesthat build up social capital, desire for autonomy, and leadership ambitions in education in order tomotivate youths to found an enterprise.
 Keywords: New enterprise; Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial intentions; Role models; Localentrepreneurial environment

Gender/Sex as a Social Determinant of Cardiovascular Risk.

The social gradient for cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset and outcomes is well established. The American Heart Association's Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes of Cardiovascular Disease Scientific Statement advocates looking beyond breakthroughs in biological science toward a social determinants approach that focuses on socioeconomic position, race and ethnicity, social support, culture and access to medical care, and residential environments to curb the burden of CVD going forward. Indeed, the benefits of this approach are likely to be far reaching, enhancing the positive effects of advances in CVD related to prevention and treatment while reducing health inequities that contribute to CVD onset and outcomes. It is disappointing that the role of gender has been largely neglected despite being a critical determinant of cardiovascular health. It is clear that trajectories and outcomes of CVD differ by biological sex, yet the tendency for sex and gender to be conflated has contributed to the idea that both are constant or fixed with little room for intervention. Rather, as distinct from biological sex, gender is socially produced. Overlaid on biological sex, gender is a broad term that shapes and interacts with one's cognition to guide norms, roles, behaviors, and social relations. It is a fluid construct that varies across time, place, and life stage. Gender can interact with biological sex and, indeed, other social determinants, such as ethnicity and socioeconomic position, to shape cardiovascular health from conception, through early life when health behaviors and risk factors are shaped, into adolescence and adulthood. This article will illustrate how gender shapes the early adoption of health behaviors in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood by focusing on physical activity, drinking, and smoking behaviors (including the influence of role modeling). We will also discuss the role of gender in psychosocial stress with a focus on trauma from life events (childhood assault and intimate partner violence) and work, home, and financial stresses. We conclude by exploring potential biological pathways, with a focus on autonomic functioning, which may underpin gender as a social determinant of cardiovascular health. Finally, we discuss implications for cardiovascular treatment and awareness campaigns and consider whether gender equality strategies could reduce the burden of CVD for men and women at the population level.