Role In Perception Research Articles

Exploring perceptions of gender roles amongst sexually active adolescents in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Traditional gender and social norms reinforce asymmetrical power relations, increase the risk of experiencing gender-based violence and mediate poor engagement with sexual and reproductive health services. This study explored gender norms and expectations amongst cisgender adolescents in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A purposive sample of 29 adolescents aged 16-19 years old were enrolled as part of a longitudinal qualitative study. The current analysis reports on the first round of in-depth interviews, which focused on the role of men and women in their community. A theoretically informed thematic analysis identified three broad themes: 1) Adolescent interpretation and understanding of gender identity, 2) Gendered essentialism and Gender roles (two sub-themes: Young men: Power through providing, and Young women: The domestication process which highlighted that gender roles were defined by being the provider for men, and the successful fulfilment of traditional domestic behaviours amongst women), 3) Gender and fertility highlighted how participants highly valued fertility as affirming of manhood/womanhood. These norms reinforce gender roles that maintain asymmetrical power relations, carrying them over into adulthood. The subtle social pressure to prove fertility could have unintended consequences for driving teenage pregnancy. Structural, gender-based interventions emphasising positive gender-role development in early childhood are needed.

Understanding influences on entrepreneurship educator role identity

PurposeDespite the considerable increase in research on entrepreneurship education, few studies examine the role of entrepreneurship educators. Similarly, most frameworks from entrepreneurship education recognize the educator’s importance in facilitating instruction and assessment, but the factors influencing the educator role are not well understood. According to the identity theory, personal factors including self-efficacy, job satisfaction and personal values influence the perspective of self, significance and anticipations that an individual in this role associates with it, determining their planning and actions. The stronger the role identity the more likely entrepreneurship educators will be in effectively developing their entrepreneurial skills as well as the overall learning experience of their students. The objective of this study is to pinpoint the factors that affect entrepreneurial role identity.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon the identity theory, this study developed a theoretical framework and carried out an empirical investigation involving a survey of 289 entrepreneurship educators across the globe. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied to analyze and explore the factors that impact the identity of the educators in their role as entrepreneurship teachers.FindingsThe findings show that the role identity of entrepreneurship educators is significantly influenced by their self-efficacy, job satisfaction and personal values. Among these factors, self-efficacy and job satisfaction have the most significant impacts on how educators perceive their role. The implications of these results and directions for future research are also discussed.Originality/valueThe novelty of the current study is derived from its conceptualization of the antecedents of role perception among entrepreneurship educators. This study stands out as one of the earliest attempts to investigate the factors that shape an individual’s scene of self and professional identity as an entrepreneurship educator. The significance of comprehending the antecedents of role perception lies in the insights it can offer into how educators undertake and execute their role, and consequently, their effectiveness in teaching entrepreneurship.

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and parental cognitions: a meta-analysis.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adults interfere with parental functioning. Dysfunctional parental cognitions may play a role in this impairment. Despite the importance of parental cognitions on parents and children's outcomes, up to now, no systematic review or meta-analysis of these findings is available. To fill this gap, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and parental cognitions. We conducted searches in Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest from January 2000 to June 2023. Studies were included if they provided data on the relationship between parental ADHD symptoms and parental cognitions by means of a row correlational coefficient, or means and standard deviation were reported for each study group. A random-effects model was used. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Rosenthal's fail-safe N. Moderator analyses were conducted by means of subgroup analysis and meta-regression analyses. Fifteen published papers were included (N = 2851), and 51 effect sizes were analysed. The weighted mean effect size was small but significant (Fisher's Z = 0.186, k = 15, 95% CI [0.120 - 0.252], z = 5.539, p < 0.001), indicating that ADHD symptoms in adults are associated with more negative and less positive parental cognitions. The Fail-Safe N analysis suggested a robust effect. Tweedie's trim and fill results suggested that five studies were missing; after five missing studies had been imputed, the mean overall effect size dropped to 0.116 (0.080 - 0.152). There was significant heterogeneity among effect sizes. The methodology of the study was found to be a significant moderator. Meta-regression analyses revealed that the lower age of the parent and the child were related to more negative parental cognitions. Though the analysis might be inflated by publication bias, our results suggest a significant association between ADHD symptom level and dysfunctional parental cognitions. Biased negative perceptions of the parental role, the child and co-parenting may play a central mediator role between parental ADHD and parent and child outcomes. Given the familiar nature of ADHD, targeting dysfunctional parental cognitions in parent training programs is warranted. osf.io/pnur7.

Role-theoretic discourse analysis of German security policy: a case of German parliamentary debate on the mission in Afghanistan.

This article combines linguistic discourse analysis with role theory to create a role-theoretic discourse analysis framework for German security policy. To illustrate this, we employ topos analysis on 30 plenary minutes of parliamentary debates regarding the International Security Assistance Force mission in Afghanistan, conducted by German Members of Parliament between 2001 and 2014. We interpret their perception of Germany's roles in light of key behavioral norms related to German security policy. The parliamentary discourse, shaped by topoi, sets the stage for decisions on German military operations abroad. The use of topoi is influenced by dominant thought patterns, particularly the perspective on Germany's role in security policy held by the political elite. Political decisions, in turn, reflect behavioral preferences guided by these viewpoints. Our research reveals how changes in German security policy are mirrored in the discourse. This discourse is structured around five categories of topoi for legitimizing or delegitimizing military operations abroad: necessity, obligation, self-interest, capability and preparedness, and solution. An evaluation of the use of topoi through the lens of role theory indicates that perceptions of Germany's role have evolved over time, encompassing roles such as a "civilian power," a "normal state," and an "agenda-setting role" in sync with its foreign military engagements.

‘I’m very interested in learning more’: What health care professionals in the Dying2Learn Massive Open Online Course think of the death doula role

The role of the death doula became apparent during the first Dying2Learn Massive Open Online Course in 2016. A death doula is a non-medical guide and advocate, who provides information and support for the dying and their family. The aim of this study was to understand Dying2Learn health care professionals’ perceptions of the death doula role. In week one of Dying2Learn, we asked whether the participants had an experience with a death doula and to share that experience. Of the n = 671 participants who responded to this activity, n = 317 identified as having a health care professional background, with these data extracted, analysed, and reported on. Nine themes were derived from the qualitative analysis: (1) not heard of the death doula role; (2) no experience with a death doula; (3) the role is beneficial; (4) has practiced as a death doula or has an interest in pursuing the role; (5) has heard of a death doula; (6) has had personal or professional experience with a death doula; (7) interested to learn more about the role; (8) the role overlaps with/is similar to those of other health/community roles and their own role incorporates death doula practices; (9) unsure about the role. Almost half of the respondents had not heard of the death doula role. Of those who had, those who work in hospice or specialist palliative care are more likely to have heard of the role and to want the role to be more well-known and to grow, acknowledging the potential in extra support for families when someone is dying. Some respondents had concerns, including the potential costs to the family of engaging a death doula and the fact that there was potential role overlap between death doulas and some health care professions.

Nurses' Role Perception and Knowledge about the Emergency Preparedness at Disasters

Nurses' Role Perception and Knowledge about the Emergency Preparedness at Disasters

Student Nurses' Perceptions of the Role of High-Fidelity Simulation in Developing Decision-Making Skills for Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Research Study.

The integration of high-fidelity simulation (HFS) in nursing education has increased, but its effect on students' clinical decision-making skills and their ability to transfer these skills to clinical practice remains unclear. This qualitative study aimed to explore nursing students' perceptions of simulation's role in developing decision-making skills for clinical practice. Twenty-three self-selected final-year nursing students participated in an HFS exercise in 2016. They engaged in "think-aloud" activities during the simulation, reviewed videos of their performance, and attended a structured debriefing session. Four to six weeks later, face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted to gather their views on the application of learning from simulation into practice. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Four themes emerged from the analysis: "enhancing clinical decision-making skills," "recognition of the types of clinical decision-making," "recognition of cognitive biases," and "transferability and integrating theory into practice." Simulation improved student self-awareness, decision-making skills, and recognition of cognitive biases applied in practice. Overall, students found that the simulation improved their ability to apply theoretical knowledge gained through simulation to practice. The students' perception of the authenticity of activities in relation to real-world scenarios played a crucial role in enhancing the transferability and application of acquired knowledge from simulation to clinical practice. The findings provide valuable insights into how simulation optimizes learning and decision-making skills, ultimately promoting effective care in clinical settings.

Mothers as nation-building agents in Kazakhstan: the effect of neoliberalism

With one-third of the population being children, Kazakhstan is a young state that now has a life-turning moment. High share of children may be both a curse and an opportunity for the country to strive and flourish, and it depends highly on the interaction of the many actors that influence development of children. In Kazakhstan, traditional perception of gender roles in family led to the disbalanced and increased role of mothers in raising children, and, thus, making them the primary and the main agents of national code and values transmission. Simultaneously, global neoliberalization of all spheres of life led to the responsibilization of mothers not only for moral upbringing, but also for most of strategically important decisions that shape their future lives. Eventually, it is mothers who create and define the new citizens. In my study, I focused on 3 generations of mothers in 3 families to see the transforming perceptions of their role in nation-building processes, what values they believe necessary for developing in their children, how neoliberalism affected their engagement in the children’s lives, and whether social class has an influence on nation-building in Kazakhstan. The results showed that the perception of a mother’s role is changing through generations, and now raising children is considered totally a private matter. Mothers of the last generation are primary and only decision-makers about their kids – sometimes sharing this only with their husband. This may be beneficial for government in short terms, because such mothers don’t expect any support from state, but in the long run this may lead to the decreased sense of belonging to a country in their children.

Know Better, Do Better: Enhancing K-3 Students’ Early Literacy Skills Through Professional Training

Educational reform over the past several decades has consistently had the same goal, to close the achievement gap or large academic disparities that exist amongst students. Recently, national trends and revised English-Language Arts (ELA) standards across the United States have shifted to promoting foundational skills and science-aligned approaches which require PK-12 teachers to be prepared to integrate and provide scientifically based strategies to support students in learning how to read. These shifting landscapes have left district leaders evaluating current curriculums and seeking professional development opportunities that are more aligned with scientific findings and evidence-based practices. To better understand the outcomes or effects of the workshop, authors used a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The findings show that the early literacy workshop’s format and content significantly impacted teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of the important role that foundational skills play in developing skilled readers. As others look to develop professional training that mirrors the effectiveness of this one, they must thoughtfully consider the structure, application and the culture of the experience.

Development, Pilot, and Evaluation of a Qualitative Documentation Tool for Pharmacists to Share High Impact Patient Intervention Stories.

Background: Community pharmacists are often the most accessible member of the healthcare team to many patients and can play a key role in managing their chronic conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, through enhanced pharmacy services. Despite their accessibility, pharmacy services are often underutilized due, in part, to a lack of adequate reimbursement models that comprehensively encapsulate all elements of those pharmacy services. While routine documentation of services does collect certain qualitative data, they do not always indicate the nuance of the full scope of services with resulting robust impact and value of those services for the patient and healthcare system. Objective: To develop and pilot an online reporting tool for pharmacist documentation of high impact patient intervention "stories" that includes the nuances of care provision processes in outpatient pharmacy settings that promote positive outcomes. Methods: An online Patient Stories Reporting Tool (PRST) was developed to allow outpatient pharmacists to document details on distinct direct patient care encounters, or "stories", that they felt showcased their value. Documentation through PSRT included limited quantitative data and qualitative data with a focus on a free response narrative for the "story". In a pilot, the PSRT was distributed to 18 pharmacists across 16 practice sites from one partnering pharmacy organization. Qualitative data, the focus of the included analysis, was collected, assessed by project team members, and organized by intervention types. Results: Forty-seven stories involving 17 pharmacists across 13 practice sites from August 2021 to March 2023 were reported. Three types of key intervention stories were identified including General Patient Education (7 stories), Medication Optimization (20 stories), and Cost Reduction (20 stories). Given the nature and scope of this initial pilot, one story for each of the three most prevalent intervention types was identified as exemplifying the types of stories the tool can collect and are subsequently discussed in detail. Conclusions: The three selected stories help to characterize the services pharmacists provide, the critical components of pharmacist-patient interactions, and the value of sharing these stories utilizing tools such as the PSRT. Through these stories, the PSRT also begins to record the nuances of pharmacist interventions and the impact they can make in a patient's healthcare journey. Potential applications of the tool are multivarious including supporting improvements in the perception of pharmacists' roles on the healthcare team and justifying expansion of reimbursement models.

Examining the Impact of Gender Differences on Language Expression: A Sociolinguistic Perspective

This study explores the impact of gender differences on language expression from a sociolinguistic perspective. Focusing on undergraduate and master’s degree students in China aged between 19 and 25, the research employs a questionnaire and sample analysis methodology to investigate three aspects: frequency of emotional expression, communication style, and topic choice. Results indicate no significant gender differences in frequency and style of verbal expression, with minor differences observed only in topic preferences related to political and economic subjects. These findings suggest that gender does not have a substantial influence on language expression, highlighting a potential cognitive bias in the perception of gender roles in language usage.

A Comparative Study of Aristotle’s Philosophy and Manusmriti on Woman

This paper aims to perform a comparative study of the philosophies of Aristotle and the laws enshrined in the Manusmriti. This comparative study examines Aristotle's philosophical perspectives on women as delineated in his works, particularly "Politics" and "Nicomachean Ethics," juxtaposed with the portrayal of women in the Manusmriti, an ancient Hindu legal text. This study aims to illuminate the divergent conceptions of women's roles, capabilities, and societal status in ancient philosophical and legal frameworks by analyzing these two distinct yet influential sources from different cultural and historical contexts. By navigating the complexities of interpreting ancient texts within their historical and cultural contexts, this comparative study aims to contribute to ongoing discourses on gender equity, social change, and the intersections of philosophy and law in shaping perceptions of women's roles and status in antiquity and beyond.

The Lived Experiences of Alternative Learning System Teachers in English Literacy Instruction

This study explores the challenges that Alternative Learning System (ALS) teachers face in English literacy instruction and the coping strategies they employ to overcome these hurdles. Given the crucial role of English literacy, this study aims to delve into the lived experiences of ALS teachers, who are pivotal in the knowledge transfer process. Employing a phenomenological approach within qualitative research, the study draws on in-depth, in-person interviews with five ALS teachers to gather rich, experiential data. The thematic analysis of the interview transcripts reveals that ALS teachers' roles encompass physical demands, mental fortitude, emotional investment, and social engagement. The themes that emerge as challenges in teaching the Communication Skills strand in English include high demands on teachers' resilience, diversity of students, limited instructional materials, limited instructional time, and negative public perception of teachers' roles and the program. Despite these challenges, ALS teachers develop coping strategies, including cultivating resilience to manage the demands of teaching the strand and maintaining a positive outlook. This study concludes that while ALS teachers face significant obstacles in managing the learning strand, their effective use of specific coping strategies ensures that each learner receives appropriately leveled instruction. Based on the findings, the researcher proposes a training program that can improve ALS teachers' pedagogical approaches to enhance further their capabilities in making a difference in the field of education through ALS and, most importantly, in the lives of their learners.

Parental factors affecting their participation in decision-making for neonates with life-threatening conditions: A qualitative study Parents' participation in decision-making.

Parents and healthcare professionals make decisions for neonates with life-threatening conditions (LTCs). Parents may be inadequately included. Limited studies have evaluated influential factors. We aimed to explore parental factors affecting parents' participation in decision-making (DM) for neonates with LTCs. A qualitative study was conducted in four level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Tehran, and twenty-two in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted in 2019. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach. During the coding process, participants' words were condensed into meaning units, and 297 open-coded were extracted and then grouped into thirteen subcategories based on similarities and differences. This process was repeated until four main categories were identified. Main categories and subcategories include "parental capabilities" (level of health literacy, emotional state, paradoxical feelings, and perception of the situation), "a sense of parental self-efficacy" (perception of parental role, awareness of self-abilities, and willingness to accept the parental role), "convictions" (religious beliefs and cultural values), and "living conditions" (job balance, household management and caring for siblings, and commuting) were found. Although factors were parental, professionals who care for neonates with LTCs should be trained in family-centered care (FCC) principles to involve parents in DM. Nurses should be aware of parents' abilities and inform them of their rights. Parents' presentation at the bedside prevents their marginalization, reduces feelings of guilt, and helps them understand their baby's behavior and surrounding reality. A formal neonatal palliative care (NPC) program can encourage open communication between professionals and parents. A multidisciplinary team should consider parents' needs and values.

Environmental and Personal Contexts as Predictors of Students’ Drive to Pursue Librarianship

Identifying the factors influencing students' intentions to enroll in specific courses is crucial for developing effective strategies to attract prospective students. Career decision-making often poses challenges for potential college students. This research focuses on assessing Grade 12 students' perceptions of a career in librarianship, examining both environmental and personal factors and their motivation to pursue such a career. The study employs a descriptive-correlational methodology using a standardized questionnaire to collect data from 205 Grade 12 students at Saint Michael College of Caraga. Results indicate that environmental and personal factors significantly influence students' desire to enter the field of librarianship. Regression analysis revealed that the perception of the librarian's role and students' self-efficacy are strong predictors of their inclination toward this profession. This suggests that students' self-assessment of their abilities and how they manage situations with the skills they possess play a crucial role in their career decisions. Educational institutions should create targeted marketing campaigns to highlight the benefits and opportunities in librarianship, aligning with students' goals and the factors influencing their career choices. To boost enrollment, librarians and associations must employ effective promotional strategies. Additionally, recognizing library and information science as a priority by the Commission on Higher Education emphasizes the critical need for expanding the librarian workforce through strategic outreach and education.

The Orthopaedic NP Workforce: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey.

Although a growing number of nurse practitioners (NPs) are practicing in orthopaedics, little is known about the workforce. The aim of this study was to estimate the size of the orthopaedic NP workforce, compare it with the workforce of primary care NPs, and investigate the interaction effect specialty NP practice and physician relationships have on NP role perception. We selected licensed, practicing orthopaedic and primary care NPs from the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses and compared demographics, education, experience, functional autonomy, and job outcomes. Nationally, 2,796 NPs described their specialty as orthopaedics. Compared with primary care NPs, they spent 27% more time on care coordination, were half as likely to have their own patient panel, and were most likely to say that their NP education was fully utilized when in a collaborative relationship with physicians. Differences between orthopaedic and primary care NPs may call for reform of Consensus Model that currently places specialty practice outside its regulatory network.

Analysis of Vocational Choice Satisfactions and Factors Affecting Vocational Choices of University Students in According to Some Independent Variables

The general purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting university students’ vocational choices and their satisfaction with their vocational choices in terms of gender and economic situation perception variables. In line with this general purpose, firstly, the affecting factors of the vocational choices of university students were determined, and then the satisfaction of university students with their vocational choices was examined. Following these determinations, the factors affecting vocational choice for male and female students and whether vocational satisfaction differs in terms of the economic situation perceived by male and female students were investigated. This research, which aims to determine the factors affecting university students’ vocational choices and their satisfaction with their vocational choices, is in a comparative type of relational screening model. The scanning model is used to detect a situation, individual or object that occurred in the past or is still ongoing, in its own conditions and as it exists. In determining the sample size, the number criterion corresponding to five times the number of items in the survey was taken as the basis. Since the number of items in the scale is 25, the sample must be at least 125. This research was conducted in 2014 with 692 university students in Anadolu University, Hacettepe University, Selçuk University and Yalova University. Data were collected with the “Vocational Choice Survey” (VCS) developed by the researchers based on literature review. VCS consists of 25 open and closed-ended questions covering vocational choice characteristics. SPSS 21 statistical package program was used to analyze the data collected from the students. Frequency distribution and Chi-Square Test were used to analyze the data. Research findings reveal that the most important factor affecting university students’ vocational choices is the employment opportunities of the department they study in. Apart from this, it is seen that the suitability of the department of study with their personality, the university entrance score obtained, the desire to meet the demands of the family and the increase in demand for the department of study are also effective factors in the vocational choices of university students. The research results show that the university students included in the research have high levels of vocational satisfaction. In addition, the results of the research reveal that university students’ perceptions of their economic situation are not a factor affecting their vocational choices and satisfaction, but gender is an important variable affecting the vocational choices and satisfaction of university students. Based on these research findings, it can be recommended to make reforms in the education system that will increase male students’ satisfaction in their professional choices and transform their social role perceptions.

임상 간호사의 연명의료중단에 대한 태도와 역할 인식이 간호 소진에 미치는 영향

Exploring the relationship between clinical nurses' attitudes and role perceptions regarding the suspension of life-sustaining treatment and nursing burnout, a descriptive survey involved 199 nurses at E University Medical Center in Seoul. Data included attitudes toward life sustaining treatment suspension, role perception, and nursing burnout, collected online and analyzed through SPSS 28.0. Findings revealed a significant negative correlation between nursing burnout and attitudes toward suspension (r=-.269, p&lt;.001) and role perception concerning life-sustaining treatment suspension (r=-.200, p=.005). Regression analysis highlighted attitudes toward life-sustaining treatment suspension (β=-.190, p&lt;.01) and gender (female) (β=.220, p&lt;.001) as factors impacting nursing burnout, explaining 11.7% of the variance (F=9.75, p&lt;.001). To address nursing burnout in this context, establishing clear nursing roles in decision-making and implementing systematic education is crucial. Develop intervention programs to enhance coping strategies for nursing burnout.

예비교사의 특수교육학개론 수강 경험 및 통합교육 실행을 위한 지원 방안 탐색

The purpose of this study is to explore both the experiences of prospective teachers who&#x0D; have taken an ‘introduction to special education’ course, and support methods for implementing&#x0D; inclusive education, thereby providing implications for high-quality inclusive education. For the&#x0D; research, a series of semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with nine students from&#x0D; H University in Chungcheong Province who met the participant selection criteria and agreed to&#x0D; participate. The interview content was analyzed using a constant comparative method. As a result&#x0D; of qualitative analysis, three main themes—‘Enhancement of Disability Awareness and Broadening of&#x0D; Interest’, ‘Perception of Role as Implementers of Inclusive Education’ and ‘Demands for Implementing&#x0D; Inclusive Education’—as well as seven sub-themes emerged. Participants reported a positive change&#x0D; in their perception of individuals with disabilities through the ‘introduction to special education’&#x0D; course, developed an interest in various issues related to disabilities, and recognized their role as&#x0D; implementers of inclusive education. Furthermore, they suggested various approaches for an&#x0D; effective implementation of inclusive education. The conclusion and recommendations discussed&#x0D; strategies for achieving higher-quality inclusive education. The significance of this study lies in the&#x0D; in-depth exploration of the experiences of prospective teachers who completed the ‘introduction to&#x0D; special education’ course to search for support methods for implementing inclusive education.

A comparison of the perceived importance and performance of midwives' roles between midwives and nurses in Korea: a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to identify the perceptions, importance, and performance of midwives' roles among midwives and nurses in Korea. A descriptive correlational design was employed. Data were collected from 164 nurses and 79 midwives from April 1 to June 25, 2021. Midwives enrolled in the Korean Midwifery Association and nurses and midwives from two hospitals each Daegu and Gyeonggi Province in Korea were invited to participate. The independent t-test, chi-square test, the Welch-Aspin test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for analysis. The midwives' role perception score (3.47±1.46) was lower than that of nurses (3.95±0.85), and the midwives' role performance score (2.98±0.83) was also lower than that of nurses (3.34±0.89). Significant differences were observed between midwives and nurses in their perception and performance of roles related to prenatal management, childbirth management, management of psychological changes, postpartum management, and newborn care. Higher role perception and performance among midwives were linked to the management of psychological changes and women's health, indicating potential areas for future development. The study results suggest directions for developing new roles for midwives. It is necessary to find a way to expand the field of midwives in public health by benchmarking the roles of midwives in various countries.