Role In Perception Research Articles

From Instagram to Society: The Impact of Social Media on Female Self-Sexualization

The proliferation of social media has facilitated extensive discussions on various social issues, with feminism being a particularly prominent topic of interest. Social platforms have not only provided individuals with the means to share their opinions on gender equality, but they have also, to some degree, fostered a greater comprehension and consciousness of feminism among the general population. Facilitated by internet communication, the evolution of societal perspectives has led to a transformation in our perception of gender roles, resulting in the increasing integration of feminism into mainstream discourse. This article examines the increasingly prevalent phenomenon of female self-sexualization in the context of social media in the United States. This study utilizes an extensive examination of existing literature to investigate the relationship between internalized gender discrimination, which is experienced through platforms like Instagram, and the male gaze. The investigation reveals that social media serves as a platform that mirrors and intensifies preexisting gender stereotypes, promoting women to conform to limited ideals of attractiveness and conduct.

How can I help? An archetype-based approach to community interpreters’ solidarity

Considering different archetypes —i.e., collective identity representations—helps to discern the multiple ways in which community and public service interpreters are compelled to be of help. I argue that archetypes are a useful analytical tool for interpreters: It allows them to name competing rationales for solidarity; it helps them identify underlying personal motivations that might otherwise remain unconscious; and it permits a conscious decision-making process for the search of ethical courses of action when faced with dilemmas. Conscious decision-making warrants coherent practice that aligns with high professional standards supporting the communicative autonomy of the parties to an interaction. In this article, I present both the model for this archetype-based approach to interpreters’ professional role as well as the analysis of three interpreters’ narrative accounts of their perceptions of role, solidarity, and the model proposed. This input from the field yields rich insights, illustrates the analytical power of the archetypes proposed, and suggests that an expansion of their list might be in order.

The Role of Interprofessional Education in Optimizing Laparoscopic Skills Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: This investigation evaluates the utility and benefits of integrating interprofessional education (IPE) into laparoscopic training, aiming to enrich medical education and skill acquisition methodologies. Methods: The study randomly allocated 36 participants of a 2023 laparoscopic training course into experimental and control groups, each comprising 18 individuals. The control group underwent traditional theory and practical training, whereas the experimental group additionally engaged in interdisciplinary instruction with nursing educators and participated in simulated laparoscopic surgery exercises. The effectiveness of this interdisciplinary approach was assessed by comparing laparoscopic theory and simulation performance, Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) scores in animal-based training, and course satisfaction between the groups. Moreover, the impact on interdisciplinary collaborative competencies was measured through pre- and post-training self-evaluations using the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS) in the experimental group. Results: The experimental group demonstrated superior performance in laparoscopic theory and simulation, as well as higher OSATS scores, compared with the control group. Satisfaction ratings regarding the skills practice mode, effects, and instructional quality were also significantly better in the experimental group (P < .05, P < .01). Furthermore, participants in the experimental group reported significant pre-to-post training enhancements in interprofessional communication, team collaboration, role perception, conflict management, and learning and feedback marked by statistically significant differences (P < .05, P < .01). Conclusion: The introduction of an IPE framework significantly boosts laparoscopic training efficiency and promotes team collaboration awareness. This model effectively bridges gaps between disciplines, illustrating substantial applicative value and expansion potential within medical education and skill training arenas.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Adolescents: Effect of Knowledge, Attitudes, Role Perceptions, and Barriers in Mental Health Care on Teachers' Responses.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) involves the deliberate harm of one's body without the intent to commit suicide and is particularly concerning among adolescents. Teachers play a critical role as gatekeepers in identifying and addressing self-harm, underscoring the importance of their knowledge and response strategies in this area. This study explored how teachers' knowledge, attitudes towards NSSI, perceived roles, and workplace barriers affect their responses to students exhibiting NSSI behaviors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 203 middle and high school teachers in Israel. Data were collected during July and August 2023 using six validated questionnaires. Higher levels of teacher knowledge, positive attitudes, and strong role perceptions correlated with more effective responses to NSSI, whereas increased workplace barriers tended to diminish response efficacy. Positive correlations emerged between role perception and both knowledge and attitudes, whereas negative correlations emerged between workplace barriers, attitudes, and role perceptions. Teaching experience moderated the impact of role perception and workplace barriers on responses. Significant differences were observed between regular and special education settings, although no differences were noted in referral rates or years of seniority. These findings suggest that enhancing teacher knowledge and attitudes towards NSSI, while addressing workplace barriers, can improve response efficacy in educational settings.

Gender Equality in Vietnam Labour Law: A Critique Toward Sustainable Development

Labor law is traditionally viewed as a crucial mechanism for advancing gender equality in the workplace by providing a framework to eliminate sex-based discrimination and enhance women’s participation in the workforce. As nations strive to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the significance of such laws is amplified, with gender equality not only a key indicator but also an enabler for other SDGs. This study demonstrates that, despite recent reforms in Vietnam's labour law reducing barriers to female employment, pervasive gender inequality persists, fuelled by enduring employment stereotypes that often depict women as victims. To develop a sustainable workforce, Vietnam's labor laws and policies should implement strategies to dismantle these stereotypes. This research suggests transitioning from the traditional approach of female protection to involving men in domestic roles. A strategy targeting men is expected to promote gender equality in the Vietnamese workforce by altering employer perceptions of female employees' maternal roles. From the perspective of masculinity theory, the potential of paternity bonuses is significant; they can enhance women’s career opportunities by alleviating domestic burdens and broadening acceptable roles for men.

Exploring the Role of Community Pharmacists in Pain Management: Enablers and Challenges.

Pain is a common complaint, and the consumption of analgesics is prevalent. Community pharmacists, as primary contact points for patients, can play a crucial role in guiding patients toward rational pharmacotherapy or alternative pain management strategies. However, there are no specific educational curricula or standard guidelines to support this role, and the perception of this potential role is not well known. We conducted an anonymous online questionnaire among community pharmacists in Norway to assess their knowledge, perspectives, and willingness to engage in pain care. The survey also explored potential facilitators and barriers, and the use of any current guidelines. Seventy-one community pharmacists participated from various regions in Norway. Findings revealed that community pharmacists felt knowledgeable and willing to engage in pain management but anticipated barriers such as time constraints and a lack of standard guidelines. Participants also highlighted the need for better collaboration with other healthcare professionals and continuous professional development to enhance their role. To optimize the role of community pharmacists in pain management, therefore, integrating them into multidisciplinary healthcare teams, minimizing barriers, and providing continuous education and standard guidelines seem essential. This approach can empower community pharmacists and improve pain management outcomes.

The importance of family nurses' participation in the local program of cardiological prevention in Wroclaw

Abstract In Poland, cardiac prevention programs minimize the nurse's role in health education related the patient's lifestyle change. Following the experience of Swedish primary health care, the Health Department of the City Hall in Wrocław was the first local government to launch a long-term, ten-year preventive cardiology program in 1998. Aim of the study To present the participation of family nurses in the implementation of population intervention program in cardiological prevention among the inhabitants of Wrocław. Material and method The general practitioners from Wrocław and a group of 100 family nurses participated in the preventative program. The overall goal of the program was to assess risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Each patient was provided with education by the nurse. To conduct the nursing visit, a procedure was used that took into account the structure criteria and the a unified procedure criteria. The nurses analyzed the norms of laboratory test results, blood pressure, heart rate, weight, height, fiber and fat intake, and calculated BMI and WHR. The nurses used a health profile. If a patient was considered a person from a higher risk group, they provided referred the patient to a general practitioner. Conclusions In local prevention program, residents were motivated to modify health behaviors through nursing diagnosis and assessment. The close place of residence and direct contact with the patient made it possible to provide health education focused on first-degree prevention. However, patient health education requires organization, time and communication skills, which is why it is so important to prepare staff to implement preventive programs and finance them from local funds. The new role of a health educator becomes an opportunity to change the perception of the traditional role of nursing.

Mobility of older people in public spaces from agender perspective

For older people, asufficient mobility offer is an essential prerequisite for participation in social life and abetter quality of life. The goal should be self-determined everyday mobility that enables asatisfying and healthy life. Mobility depends on diverse individual abilities and needs. On the other hand, social structures as well as regulatory and spatial framework conditions limit the realisation of mobility services and their transport infrastructure. These framework conditions are characterised by the perception of social roles, the availability of resources and gender-specific attributions. For example, care and caring work is predominantly the responsibility of women in the age group of 50years plus. The availability of transport infrastructure is geared towards goals that are characterised by the needs of gainful employment and not the goals of care work. Conversely, the availability of flexible means of transport, such as cars, also decreases for women in old age for economic reasons. For this reason, mobility planning should take greater account of specific needs, such as orientation towards care objectives, counselling, and health services and place agreater focus on the local area. For elderly people, especially women, security needs are often an important factor in the decision to become mobile or to forego mobility. This includes perceived subjective safety, accessibility and protection from weather conditions such as slippery surfaces or exposure to excessive heat. If these basic principles are taken into account, more people can be guaranteed self-determined participation in social life.

영유아 아버지의 성역할인식, 우울, 전문적 도움추구태도, 일-양육 갈등 간의 구조적 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship between gender role perception, depression, and attitudes toward seeking professional help that affect fathers' work-parenting conflict. Methods Test was conducted to measure variables related to work-parenting conflict on 313 fathers of infants and toddlers living in the metropolitan area. The causal relationship between variables was verified using the structural equation model, and phantom variable analysis was performed to verify specific indirect effects. Results It was found that the lower the awareness of the gender role of father, the higher the depression, which lowers the father's attitude toward professional help and ultimately increases the father's work-parenting conflict. Conclusions It is necessary to develop parent education and various social support services through understanding the impact of fathers' gender role awareness, depression, and professional help-seeking attitude on work-parenting conflict.

Pharmacist roles in the medication use Process: Qualitative analysis of stakeholder perceptions

BackgroundPharmacist roles in the Medication Use Process (MUP) have advanced along with new healthcare delivery models and interprofessional collaborative practice. It is unclear whether stakeholder perceptions of pharmacist roles have evolved simultaneously. ObjectivesExamine patient, pharmacist, and physician perceptions of pharmacist roles in the MUP. MethodsThis institutional review board-approved study used a cross-sectional design with Qualtrics panels of patients, pharmacists, and physicians. Role Theory was used as a framework to develop 12-item surveys to study pharmacist role perceptions in the MUP: prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Content analysis was performed on the responses to open-ended questions. ResultsFrom 1004 patients, a total of 7217 comments were obtained on 9 questions (740-1004 comments), resulting in an average of 802 comments per question or 0.8 comments per question per respondent (CQR). Similarly, 1620 comments from 205 pharmacists on 11 questions (121-205 comments) averaged 0.72 CQR; and 1561 comments from 200 physicians on 11 questions (136-200 comments) equated to 0.74 CQR. Content analysis revealed recurring themes across the stakeholders: “pharmacists,” “physicians,” “insurance,” “technology,” “collaboration,” “time,” “communication,” and “patient’s responsibility.” Some role congruence was seen regarding pharmacist roles by all 3 stakeholders; noting pharmacist roles in improving all steps of the MUP, except transcribing. Pharmacists highlighted professional challenges such as staffing issues, burnout, and competing demands; which were not acknowledged by patients and physicians indicating the need to increase awareness. ConclusionThis study showed increased visibility and awareness of pharmacist roles in the MUP by all stakeholders, compared to previous research showing pharmacist roles limited to dispensing. Known barriers to pharmacy practice such as lack of provider status and reimbursement were not reported by any of the stakeholders in this study. There is a need to continuously inform stakeholders about pharmacists’ expanding roles in the MUP through advocacy and marketing.

Perceptions and detection of AI use in manuscript preparation for academic journals.

The rapid advances in Generative AI tools have produced both excitement and worry about how AI will impact academic writing. However, little is known about what norms are emerging around AI use in manuscript preparation or how these norms might be enforced. We address both gaps in the literature by conducting a survey of 271 academics about whether it is necessary to report ChatGPT use in manuscript preparation and by running GPT-modified abstracts from 2,716 published papers through a leading AI detection software to see if these detectors can detect different AI uses in manuscript preparation. We find that most academics do not think that using ChatGPT to fix grammar needs to be reported, but detection software did not always draw this distinction, as abstracts for which GPT was used to fix grammar were often flagged as having a high chance of being written by AI. We also find disagreements among academics on whether more substantial use of ChatGPT to rewrite text needs to be reported, and these differences were related to perceptions of ethics, academic role, and English language background. Finally, we found little difference in their perceptions about reporting ChatGPT and research assistant help, but significant differences in reporting perceptions between these sources of assistance and paid proofreading and other AI assistant tools (Grammarly and Word). Our results suggest that there might be challenges in getting authors to report AI use in manuscript preparation because (i) there is not uniform agreement about what uses of AI should be reported and (ii) journals might have trouble enforcing nuanced reporting requirements using AI detection tools.

Reconceptualising the role of direct support staff for adults with intellectual disabilities by introducing the holistic support model

ABSTRACT Background: This study aims to introduce direct support staff (DSS) working with adults with intellectual disabilities to the Holistic Support Model (HSM) and assess its influence on their perceptions of their professional role. The HSM, grounded in humanistic principles, guides the support process, prioritising autonomy and meaningful living. Method: Using participatory action research, this study used survey data, qualitative analysis of group meetings, and interviews, to assess changes in DSSs' role perceptions after undergoing in-service training on the HSM. Results: DSS exhibited a shift towards a humanistic perspective, gaining clarity on their roles, which reduced frustration. Doubts persist among DSS regarding the applicability of the HSM to all adults with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: The studies underscore the positive impact of the HSM on DSS, highlighting its potential to enhance DSS practice. It recommends researching the experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities with the HSM.

Doctors',Patients' and Physician Associates' Perceptions of the Physician Associate Role in the Emergency Department.

The Emergency Department (ED) has seen increased patient attendance and difficultymeeting demands. New healthcare professions such as Physician Associates (PAs) are being utilised to complement the existing medical workforce. Despite the growth of their professions in the United Kingdom, little evidence is available about the perceptions of their roles. This study aims to provide evidence of doctors', PAs' and patients'perceptions of the PA role in the UK ED. A mixed methods approach consisted of the following: 1. An online exploratory survey of ED doctors at one English EDover 1 month (February-March 2022). 2. Post consultation semi-structured patient questionnaires over 2 weeks (April 2022). 3. Semi-structured virtual interviews with ED consultants across thefour regions of theUnited Kingdom (3 months in 2022). 4. Semi-structured virtual interviews with ED PAs across thefour regions of theUnited Kingdom(3 months in 2022). The analysis methods that were used includedfrequency counts and percentages from closed questions, andhybrid thematic analysis of free text and interview transcripts. Four ED consultants and four ED PAs across the United Kingdom were interviewed. Twenty-eight ED doctors participated in the online survey. Fifty-seven patients completed the post consultation questionnaire. Four main themes (PAs being fit for purpose; patient recognition of PAs, PAs providing continuity of care, and future PAs and regulation) were deduced as per the General Medical Council, Good Medical Practice domains (knowledge, skillsand development; patients, partnership and communication; colleagues, culture and safety; and trust and professionalism). Other subthemes were induced via hybrid thematic analysis. In this study, doctors and patients had mixed comments about the role of PAs. Most of them were positive as doctor participants perceived PAs to be knowledgeable, highly skilled, with mostly good communication skills, team players, providing continuity of care and overall being fit for purpose. However, some doctor participants commented negatively about PAsfor providing little quality healthcare and being inexperienced. There was a desire for career progression amongthe PA participants and a need to work to their full potential. Although the clinicians of this study displayed a clear understanding of the PA role in the ED,a high frequency of surveyed patients mistook PAs for doctors. It was suggested that future PAs could complete a postqualification programme in emergency medicine, combine roles, be paid on an alternative scaleand be formally regulated. In this study, mixed views were expressed by ED consultants, ED junior doctorsand patients regarding the role of the PA in the ED. Stakeholders can use the information presented to develop a better understanding of the perceptions of the PA role within the UK ED. The Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) group, led by Healthwatch, made significant contributions to the study's design by providing valuable feedback on the information sheets and consent forms utilised. The patients' responses helped guide the study's direction and shape its future work. As part of the dissemination activities, the study findings was shared with both the PPIE team and Healthwatch media production team.

Treiber, Hubert (2021). Die „rückwärtsgewandte Expertenreform“ – Eine verwaltungswissenschaftliche Studie zur Großen Strafrechtsreform der 1950er Jahre. Halle an der Saale: Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg. 169 Seiten. ISBN: 978-3-86977-244-8.

The empirical study applies cluster analyses to records of the commission on criminal justice reform. By analysing discrepancies in the individual voting behaviour of the commission members, the study identifies distinct clusters which coincide with the commission members’ professional background: While the commission members with a scientific background hardly ever form a homogenous group, commission members who practice law e. g. as judges or who are public servants show a more consistent behaviour. This is attributed to the distinct role perceptions within the respective profession. Overall, the commission members represented mostly conservative values, leading to a criminal justice reform with strong reference to previous drafts. With this in mind, the book furthermore analyses rhetorical strategies used within the legal profession to obscure a person’s involvement in the Nazi-Regime.

Gender promotion gaps across business units in a multiunit organization: Supply‐ and demand‐side drivers

AbstractDrawing on gender role and gender queuing theories, we employ a multi‐stage process model to investigate demand‐ and supply‐side drivers of gender promotion gaps and to explore variations in these gaps across different business units within an organization. Analyzing 9 years of personnel records from a multiunit European bank, we find that the gender promotion gap is influenced by both supply‐side and demand‐side factors. Specifically, women are less likely than men to express a motivation to change to a new job or move to a different unit within the bank. Those who do express such motivation are as likely as men to be reassigned to new roles, but their moves are less likely to constitute promotions than are men's moves. Furthermore, gender promotion gaps vary significantly within the organization itself. Business units with the most significant gaps are in regions that have fewer available organizational positions to move into, diminishing women's motivation to seek such moves, and have jobs with numerous incumbents, decreasing women's chances to get a new job or secure a promotion upon doing so. This study extends gender role theory by creating a unified theoretical model that incorporates both employee and employer gender role perceptions as drivers of promotions. It contributes to gender queuing theory by demonstrating the theory's relevance to promotion outcomes.

Referral Efficiency for Veterans with Osteoarthritis: A Quality Improvement Project.

Management of osteoarthritis, a common disease among veterans, includes referrals to orthopedic specialists. This requires an effective referral system. The aim of this study was to evaluate a quality improvement project addressing inefficiencies in the osteoarthritis referral process between primary care providers and orthopedic specialists. A pre- and post-intervention evaluation using medical record review and provider surveys was conducted to measure the process improvement of a primary care to orthopedic referral template. There was a 3.5% increase in the referral acceptance rate following the intervention. In addition, primary care providers perceived that role clarity and perception on making referrals had significantly improved. The largest perceived improved change among orthopedic specialists was in communication. A simple process change, such as improving the referral template, can help with communication, data transfer, and referral acceptance rates between primary care providers and orthopedic specialists. This in turn will benefit the large population of veterans needing orthopedic referrals for management of osteoarthritis.

Persepsi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Profesi Apoteker terhadap Peran Tenaga Kesehatan

Pharmacist Professional Education students are one of the health workers who will collaborate with other health workers. The perception and understanding of the role of each health professional influences health-professional collaboration. Interprofessional Education is one strategy to provide learning and experience for students so that they can collaborate early on and understand the roles of other health workers in an effort to collaborate effectively when practicing later. This study aimed to identify students' perceptions of health workers' role in their profession and other health professions. This research is descriptive and observational with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were active Pharmacist Professional Study Program FMIPA ULM Batch X students, with 40 respondents. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire distributed online via Google Forms. The research data were subsequently descriptively analysed, tabulated, and presented as a percentage. The results showed that 40 respondents, 80% women, 80% of respondents did not have work experience, and 60% of respondents had family members who worked as health workers. Respondents' perceptions of the role of health workers showed that 97.5% (39) of respondents had the perception that pharmacists had a role as a source of drug information. The perception that doctors, nurses, and pharmacists share the same role in monitoring the response of patients receiving intravenous therapy and making dose adjustments was 75% (30), attending regular community health council meetings was 77.5% (31), and documenting professional activities in patients' medical records was 72.5% (29). Pharmacist education students have different perceptions of the role of health workers and believe that there is a collaboration between health workers in certain activities.

TEACHING HISTORY IN HIGH SCHOOL AS A WAY TO BUILD A COMPLEX OF SELF-IDENTIFICATIONS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study examines the role of history education in shaping the complex self-identifications of high school students, highlighting its significance in the broader context of democratic education principles and human rights. Recognizing the transformative power of history education, the research investigates how historical narratives and teaching methodologies influence students’ identity formation and their perception of societal roles. Through a mixed-methods approach, involving surveys and observations from 300 high school students across ten schools in the Dnipropetrovsk region, this study explores the interplay between historical education and student self-identity, focusing on the integration of multiple perspectives, critical thinking, and ethical reflection in the curriculum. The findings reveal that exposure to diverse historical viewpoints not only enhances students' understanding of history but also actively supports their personal and social identity development. Critical engagement with historical content, especially involving ethical dilemmas and social injustices, encourages deep reflection and aids in forming a nuanced personal and social identity. Moreover, the study addresses the challenges posed by global educational dynamics and the media, which often contrast with the objectives of historical education, suggesting that an enriched historical curriculum can serve as a counterbalance to external influences. The research underscores the need for history educators to adopt inclusive and reflective pedagogical strategies that foster a critical understanding of history while supporting complex identity formation among students. By doing so, history education not only contributes to the academic development of students but also plays a crucial role in preparing them for active and informed citizenship in a democratic society. The study’s recommendations advocate for continuous teacher development and curricular adjustments to better meet the diverse needs of students, ensuring that history education remains a pivotal element of modern educational systems.

Examining Gender Roles in the Anganwadi of Rachna Nagar, Bhopal: A Sociocultural Perspective

The research delves into the exploration of gender roles within the Anganwadi community of Rachna Nagar, Bhopal, aiming to illuminate prevailing norms influencing decision-making, domestic responsibilities, and career choices. Gender roles, deeply entrenched in societal expectations, shape power dynamics and individuals` experiences within communities. The study, employing a mixed-methods approach, examines the influence of education attainment on gender roles to provide nuanced insights into gender dynamics within this specific context. Findings reveal entrenched traditional gender stereotypes, evidenced by the predominant male authority in decision-making within households and the unequal distribution of domestic responsibilities. Moreover, perceptions regarding education and career opportunities underscore gender biases, with males often favored over females. Despite advancements, disparities persist, with women expected to prioritize family well-being over their own careers. The study also highlights disparities in skill development opportunities and the celebration of achievements, reflecting deep-seated gender biases. Education attainment significantly influences perceptions of gender roles, with higher education associated with greater autonomy. However, cultural expectations and societal norms continue to perpetuate traditional gender stereotypes, hindering gender equality. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to challenge these norms, promote gender equality, and empower individuals to make choices based on abilities rather than societal expectations dictated by gender. By addressing systemic inequalities, communities can foster a more inclusive and equitable society where individuals of all genders have the opportunity to thrive.

Enhancing Women's Capacity in Funeral Management: A Community Service Study in Lima Puluh Kota Regency

This community service aims to enhance the capacity of women in managing funeral rites in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra. Through a series of training sessions conducted in six locations, this program is designed to empower women to be more confident and skilled in performing funeral management tasks according to Islamic law. The methods include lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on practice, enabling participants to understand and practically apply the necessary skills. The results of the community service show a significant improvement in the participants' technical skills and confidence, as well as a positive change in women's active participation in religious activities within the community. Additionally, this training successfully shifted societal perceptions of women's roles, recognizing them as capable and important in funeral management. In conclusion, this program not only contributes to women's empowerment but also to the development of a more inclusive and empowered community. The program has the potential to be replicated in other regions with similar cultural contexts, thereby broadening its impact on women's empowerment and community capacity building.