Role Of Marriage Research Articles

Adult Children’s Marital Timing and Upward Intergenerational Financial Transfers: Variation across Gender, Race, and Ethnicity

Marriage is a key adult milestone yet is also considered a greedy institution that monopolizes resources, jeopardizing adult children’s financial transfers to aging parents. As the age at which marriage shifts later into adulthood, this study examines whether marriage still operates as a greedy institution, considering the role of marital timing on upward financial transfers to aging parents. Using data from Waves I–V of Add Health and Wave I of the Add Health Parent Questionnaire from 1994 to 2018, we examined whether timing of marriage (never, early, on time, and late) was associated with adult children’s upward financial transfers to their parents, accounting for variation across gender, race, and ethnicity. Adult children who never married were the largest group who gave upward financial transfers to their aging parents (33%). Results suggested that marriage or timing of marriage was a greedy institution among men, women, white, Hispanic, and Asian adults, but not Black adults, suggesting heterogeneity in the role of marriage on family support.

Social Change and Women’s Left Vote. The Role of Employment, Education, and Marriage in the Gender Vote Gap

Social Change and Women’s Left Vote. The Role of Employment, Education, and Marriage in the Gender Vote Gap

Exploring the impact of maternal marital status on child health: insights from the 2022 Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey.

The SDG 2.2 targets the end of all forms of malnutrition by 2030. Despite the efforts by the Tanzania government to attain this goal, over 30 percent of children under-five are stunted. This study explored the relationship between maternal marital status and child health outcomes in Tanzania using the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey data set of 2022. A multiple logistic regression was conducted with the binary outcome variable "Stunted," using predictors such as the mother's age and education level, the child's birth size, birth order, and gender, as well as other household characteristics. The study findings highlight a significant association between maternal marital status and child stuntedness. The mothers in a marriage relationship are 30% less likely to have stunted children (OR=0.70, 95%CI, 0.56-0.86) compared to the mothers outside the marriage relationship. Mothers with primary and secondary education or higher, show a lower likelihood of having stunted children (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.70-1.17) and (OR=0.68, 95%CI 0.44- 1.03) respectively compared to their uneducated counterparts. In other words, a mother being married or educated reduces the odds of her children being stunted. The probability of child stuntedness reduces as the wealth quintile of the household increases. This study contributes to the understanding of the factors influencing child health outcomes in Tanzania especially the role of marriage.

Perbedaan Kepuasan Pernikahan Ditinjau dari Peran dalam Pernikahan pada Individu yang Menikah Muda

The phenomenon of divorce in couples who marry young is considered related to marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction is both a husband and wife's subjective evaluation of marriage. One factor that affects marital satisfaction is the role in the marriage. This study used quantitative research methods with a comparative approach. This research aims to see differences in marital satisfaction in terms of roles in marriage in individuals who married young. Sampling using nonprobality sampling techniques with a total of 120 research respondents. Normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and obtained significance value (p)=0.000 (p<0.05). The homogeneity test uses the Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Levene Test) and obtained a significance value p=0.062 (p>0.05). The hypothesis test was carried out using the Mann-Whitney technique and obtained a significance value (p)=0.046 (p<0.05). The results of the study showed that there were differences in marital satisfaction in terms of the role of marriage in individuals who married young.

Exploration of Factors Influencing Early Marriage in Adolescents: A Literature Review

A phenomenon that often occurs in lower middle economic circles is early marriage. Early marriage can threaten the health and well-being of the couples involved. Not only does it affect health aspects, but it also impacts psychological, social and spiritual aspects. Mental instability in running a household can lead to divorce and domestic violence. This research aimed to explore which factors play a major role in early marriage, especially among adolescents. Using a systematic literature review with keyword “Teenagers AND early marriage AND Factor Influencing” which had a limit criteria of 2019-2024, using English and Indonesian Language, qualitative research design, and full txt. There were 2079 articles SAGE, Portal Garuda, Neliti, and Google Scholar databases and were re-screnned to obtain a total of 7 journals based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with PRISMA Flow 2020 guidelines. Early marriage is caused by external and internal factors. External factors include socio-economic factors, cultural norms, low level of education, poor parenting while internal factors include love, the desire to be accepted in society life, and new opportunities in life.

The Perspective of Gender and Islamic Law on Waithood Phenomenon in The Millennial Generation

The recommendation to get married is clearly explained in the naṣ shara', but in reality at this time many teenagers who are considered mature and ready to get married are reluctant to get married and prefer to delay being single. This phenomenon has recently become widespread and is used as a principle by many teenagers in various parts of the world to Indonesia and is known as waithood. In the context of millennial adolescents today, the reasons that become factors for choosing waithood are so diverse that it is interesting to study and review their correlation with Islamic studies and gender issues. This research is a library research with a normative-sociological approach by analyzing the phenomenon of the idea of waithood through gender studies and Islamic law. The results of this study indicate that there are many factors, concepts and goals of waithood carried out by millennial adolescents today that contradict Islamic principles which clearly recommend getting married immediately if you are able and there is a connection to gender issues in the case of women who prefer waithood to not getting married, as well as gender inequality which is being called for by the UN program Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which is not only on the issue of roles in marriage but even on many other factors so that the shift in the meaning of marriage and the decision to have children is no longer considered an obligation, but a choice that can be made by women

Islamic Law and Ethics: The Role and Obligations of Marriage for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

This article examines Islamic law and ethics used to analyze the position and ethics of persons with intellectual disabilities in marriage. They have the same right to marry without discrimination or stigma. Literary and descriptive methods were used in this study, as well as document comparison. The study found that Islamic scholars of various schools expressed their opinions about the marriages of people with intellectual disabilities and their legal responsibilities. Although the majority of madhhabs recognize that their marriages are valid, there are questions about their responsibilities after the marriage. This issue is addressed in several edicts of scholars; Some of them allow marriage if there is sexual attraction. However, the question of how they can take responsibility and consent in the context of sexuality is still the subject of discussion. To determine whether people with intellectual disabilities can fulfill their marital obligations, the concept of responsibility, both etymological and terminological, is discussed. Studies show that a person's ability to take responsibility is affected by their level of disability. This perspective discusses the impact of Islamic law and the daily lives of people with intellectual disabilities, such as the possibility of guardianship or representation in decisions about marriage and sexuality. According to this study, the personal responsibilities and rights of people with intellectual disabilities should be carefully considered.

Intersectionalities and im/mobilities in family and marriage: a comparative study of Germany and India

This article investigates comparative intersections of gender and family sociology internationally, with a specific focus on urban Germany and urban India. In particular, this research examines a central dynamic that informs family and marriage relations globally, and for this research context, in Germany and India: What are the nuanced ways of conceptualizing changing gender roles in marriage and in family in Germany and India? Bringing together a robust understanding of the theoretical frameworks of Intersectionality and of Mobility as large bodies of scholarship that examine geographic and symbolic power geometries, we adopt the lens of Intersectional Im/Mobilities to explore changing gender roles in family and marriage in Germany and India. We particularly focus on an intersectionality-based analysis of two primary themes that arise out of our primary and secondary data: (1) Women’s employment and impact on family life/work–life balance; and (2) Changing gender roles in marriage (through the lens of the division of household labor and aspects of agency and decision making), questions which influence and inflect complex intersectional realities.

Child Marriage In Niger: New Insights on Mental, Psychological and Other Indicators

This research paper discusses one of the most prevalent issue of Child Marriage in Niger and concretely analyses if there were any societal norms and expectations associated with child marriage. It further examines the various forms of violence in domestic spaces across different regions of Niger and most importantly, provides a detailed study of the impact of mental health on child marriage. These aspects were studied by using quantitative and qualitative measures mostly using an interview method and secondary sources. The secondary sources included various files, documents, articles and previous research done on certain aspects of child marriage. It was found in the research that the societal norms played a crucial role in early marriage, they strongly believed in the ideals of upholding family honor and securing an honorable position in the society. Further, sexual and economic violence secured the highest rates of abuse and it was associated with lack of awareness and poor economic status in the society respectively. When analyzed about mental health, it was seen that anxiety, depression and a poor psychological well being had a positive correlation with the age of marriage. To conclude, despite certain limitations that this paper poses, it calls for effective working and implementation of policies and programmes by international organizations - calling for an end to early marriage in Niger.

Exploring the Dynamics of Late Marriage: the Role of Education in Shaping Marital Timings

The study investigates how education influences the timings of marriage. Examining diverse socio - economic and cultural contexts it explores how factors like economic independence, shifting gender roles, personal aspirations affect individuals decision to delay marriage. The findings shed light on factors affecting the delaying marriage and educational role of late marriage and shaping marital timings.

Love after lockup: examining the role of marriage, social status, and financial stress among formerly incarcerated individuals

BackgroundUpon reintegration into society, formerly incarcerated individuals (FIIs) experience chronic financial stress due to prolonged unemployment, strained social relationships, and financial obligations. This study examined whether marriage and perceived social status can mitigate financial stress, which is deleterious to the well-being of FIIs. We also assessed whether sociodemographic factors influenced financial stress across marital status. We used cross-sectional data from 588 FIIs, collected in the 2023 Survey of Racism and Public Health. The financial stress outcome (Cronbach’s α\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{\\alpha }$$\\end{document} = 0.86) comprised of five constructs: psychological distress, financial anxiety, job insecurity, life satisfaction, and financial well-being. Independent variables included marital and social status, age, race/ethnicity, gender identity, educational attainment, employment status, and number of dependents. Multivariable models tested whether financial stress levels differed by marital and perceived social status (individual and interaction effects). Stratified multivariable models assessed whether social status and sociodemographic associations varied by marital status.ResultsWe found that being married/living with a partner (M/LWP, b = -5.2) or having higher social status (b = -2.4) were protective against financial stress. Additionally, the social status effect was more protective among divorced, separated, or widowed participants (b = -2.5) compared to never married (NM, b = -2.2) and M/LWP (b = -1.7) participants. Lower financial stress correlated with Black race and older age, with the age effect being more pronounced among M/LWP participants (b = -9.7) compared to NM participants (b = -7.3). Higher financial stress was associated with woman gender identity (overall sample b = 2.9, NM sample b = 5.1), higher education (M/LWP sample b = 4.4), and having two or more dependents (overall sample b = 2.3, M/LWP sample b = 3.4).ConclusionsWe provide novel insights into the interrelationship between marriage, perceived social status, and financial stress among FIIs. Our findings indicate the need for policies and programs which may target the family unit, and not only the individual, to help alleviate the financial burden of FIIs. Finally, programs that offer legal aid to assist in expungement or sealing of criminal records or those offering opportunities for community volunteer work in exchange for vouchers specific to legal debt among FIIs could serve to reduce financial stress and improve social standing.

СЛАБЫЕ СЕМЕЙНЫЕ СВЯЗИ КАК ОДНА ИЗ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТ СОВЕРШЕНИЯ ОСУЖДЕННЫМИ, ОТБЫВАЮЩИМИ НАКАЗАНИЯ БЕЗ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ ОТ ОБЩЕСТВА, ПОВТОРНЫХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ

The article examines such negative trends in modern society as weak family ties, the withering of traditional family values, and the decline in the role of marriage, which act as determinants of repeated crimes committed by convicts serving sentences without isolation from society. A number of preventive measures of different levels are proposed. There are general social preventive measures aimed at solving the problems of the institution of the family, as well as special criminological measures to combat the causes of repeated crimes among convicts of the studied category who have problems in family relations. It is concluded that strong family ties can have a positive preventive effect on repeat crimes among convicts, reducing their level.

Child Marriage and Cardiovascular Risk: An Application of the Non-laboratory Framingham Risk Score.

Child marriage, defined as marriage before the age of 18 years, is a precocious transition from adolescence to adulthood, which may take a long-term toll on health. This study aims to assess whether child marriage was associated with added risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in a nationally representative sample of Indian adults. Applying the non-laboratory-based Framingham algorithm to data on 336,953 women aged 30-49 years and 49,617 men aged 30-54 years, we estimated individual's predicted heart age (PHA). Comparing the PHA with chronological age (CA), we categorized individuals in four groups: (i) low PHA: PHA < CA, (ii) equal PHA: PHA = CA (reference category), (iii) high PHA: PHA > CA by at most 4 years, and (iv) very high PHA: PHA > CA by 5 + years. We estimated multivariable multinomial logistic regressions to obtain relative risks of respective categories for the child marriage indicator. We found that women who were married in childhood had 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.10) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.16-1.27) times higher adjusted risks of having high and very high PHA, respectively, compared to women who were married as adults. For men, no differential risks were found between those who were married as children and as adults. These results were generally robust across various socioeconomic sub-groups. These findings add to the relatively new and evolving strand of literature that examines the role of child marriage on later life chronic health outcomes and provide important insights for public health policies aimed at improving women's health and wellbeing.

Impacts of Early Marriage on Fertility Outcomes in Nigeria

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and projected to be the 3rd in the World by 2050. Despite measures to control the country’s population over the years, the total fertility rate has remained high. Fertility rate is associated with various factors but there is limited evidence on the role of early marriage as a predictor or barrier to fertility outcome. This study determined the association between early marriage and fertility outcome in Nigeria. This study is based on secondary data analysis of the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with sample that comprised of married women aged 20-24 years old. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The multivariate regression analysis revealed higher likely of women in early marriage to have childbirth in the first year of marriage (OR=2.26, 95%CI=1.96-2.61); and number of children ever born (OR=4.24, 95% CI=3.40-5.27) but lower odd of repeated childbirth in less than twenty-four months (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.52-0.83) and ever use of contraceptive (OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.45-0.61). However, the adjusted odd ratio only showed significant association between early marriage and number of children ever born (AOR=10.28, 95%CI=2.57-41.13). The nuanced analysis indicates that marriage at any age below 18 had higher effect on fertility than marriage at 18 and above. Early marriage predisposes married women to higher fertility and women with lower age of marriage have likelihood of higher fertility. Improving access of girls to education and contraceptives will delay the timing of pregnancy and childbirth. Keywords: Child marriage, Childbirth, Contraceptive, Early marriage, Fertility, Nigeria.

Pernikahan Anak Usia Dini dan Konstruksi Identitas Gender: Analisis Teori Peter L. Berger (Studi di Desa Pandansari Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang)

Early marriage often becomes a prevalent culture in rural areas. This is primarily attributed to a lack of knowledge and the inability to meet the family's livelihood needs. The underlying basis for early marriages is how the community supports their underage children to engage in matrimony. An exploration of the meaning of early marriage and the family's role in early marriages is a novel aspect to present. This research aims to describe how early marriages are interpreted on both a national and international scale. Unlike other studies that tend to focus on external aspects of marriage, this research views marriage within the context of gender identity construction. The data collection method employed in this research is the interpretative understanding constructivist approach with a phenomenological framework. It adopts an approach of interpretative understanding analysis. The results indicate three key factors related to early marriages in rural areas: (1) Arranged marriages are a supportive factor for early marriages, (2) Social support, particularly the role of the family head, plays a crucial role in early marriages due to the prevailing tradition of arranged marriages within the community, and (3) The education levels within the community and among adolescents remain insufficient in terms of understanding the consequences of early marriages. The conclusion drawn from this research is that the socio-cultural norms present in the community can be used as one of the approaches to reduce the prevalence of early marriages. Formal education emerges as a primary area that has been overlooked by both adolescents and parents, thus aiding in reducing early marriages in rural areas.

Not before Twenty-Five: Contesting Marriage and Looking for the Good Life in Contemporary Urban China

This article explores how women of different class backgrounds contest the imperative to enter heteronormative marriage in urban China. While the state and the market propose marriage as the only path to the good life, these women describe it as a risky enterprise and an unequal partnership. The social pressure they face highlights the continuing exclusionary role of marriage in present-day Chinese society, as their stand challenges the state-sponsored narrative of “leftover woman.” These women see their unmarried status not as a sacrifice or loss, but rather as a strategy for preserving their autonomy, well-being, and relationships with their own kin and friends. Accordingly, they come across as desiring subjects, though not as uncivil individualists or affectively precarious. The women's affective choices privilege bonds that exceed the patrilineal family and the conjugal couple. Although this preference may jeopardize their social respectability and limit their prospects for upward mobility, it allows them to explore different avenues to the good life.

Exploring Women’s Lived Experiences of Early Marriage in Rural Indonesia

Early marriage is still a global concern, and Indonesia ranks second behind Cambodia in the number of early marriages within the ASEAN region. Despite the spread of technology and the influence of Western media, some Indonesian families, especially those who live in rural areas, continue to practice early marriage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the reasons behind early marriage based on the perspective of Indonesian women who were married before the age of 18. Based on a phenomenological approach, thirty women, ages 18-45, from the Madurese community in Situbondo, East Java participated in the study. Results showed that young Madurese women decided to get married for love and companionship, as well as for economic benefits and protecting the family’s honor. Participants also believed that cultural norms and values related to marriage, sexual purity, and gender expectations play a role in early marriage. Suggestions for future studies and community interventions are discussed.

Role of marriage, motherhood, son preference on adolescent girls' and young women's empowerment: Evidence from a panel study in India.

Marriage is a key determinant of health and well-being of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in India. It is a key life event in which girls move to their marital households, often co-residing with their in-laws and begin childbearing. The change in the normative environment in conjunction with cultural norms surrounding son preference influences women's overall life course. However, there is scant research about the association between these life transitions and changes in empowerment among AGYW in India. Using two waves of data from prospective cohort panel dataset that followed unmarried (6,065 observations in each wave) and married AGYW (3,941 observations from each wave) over a three-year period from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, we examined how marriage, childbearing, and having a son is associated with changes in AGYW's empowerment, especially considering whether AGYW marry into patrilocal households (household with in-laws) as an effect modifier. Empowerment indicators included freedom of movement or mobility, decision-making power, access to economic using Kabeer's framework as our theoretical approach. Marriage was associated with lower freedom of movement with a pronounced effect on those who co-resided with their in-laws. Marriage was associated with greater decision-making power for AGYW who did not co-reside with the in-laws. Motherhood was positively correlated with greater freedom of movement, marginally higher intrahousehold decision-making power, and better access to economic resources. No statistically significant evidence that having at least one son compared to having daughters only (or no daughters) conferred additional changes in girls' freedom of movement, intrahousehold decision-making power, and access to economic resources. Findings highlight the importance of understanding the vulnerabilities of being newly married in adolescence and emphasize the need for having interventions that target newly married AGYW along with mothers-in-law to empower them.

The Study of Paralympic Athlete Malathi Holla’s Authorized Biography: A Different Spirit

The predicament of women with disability is very disheartening. They face triple discrimination because of their disability, social stigma and gender issues. Human rights violation is seen in the denial of sex and reproduction. Their social and economic participation is resisted. The traditional roles of marriage and child bearing are denied. In this context, the study of Paralympic athlete Malathi Holla’s authorised biography “A Different Spirit” gains paramount importance in addressing the challenges of women with special challenges. Malathi Holla narrates her struggle to battle the marginalization which reduce the opportunities for the disabled to contribute productively to the household and the community. Attitudinal barriers as well as physical barriers such as lack of adequate or appropriate transportation, physical inaccessibility, and lack of training for Paralympic athlete resulted in reducing the opportunities in social participation. This paper addresses the trials and tribulations of Malathi Holla which unravel the aspects of socio-cultural construct and the struggle for identity of disabled women athlete. The paper also gives a brief introduction about the field of disability and its relationship with the different models of disability. Disabilities need to be accommodated and accepted. The WHO definition of this concept summarizes the most common understanding of the social model: Disability is not an attribute of an individual, but created by the social environment. Hence the management of the problem requires social action, and it is the collective responsibility of society at large to make the changes necessary for full participation of people with disabilities in all areas of social life. (WHO 2001, 28)

On the priority of V.S. Gruzdev in the experiment on in vitro fertilization

Among the many methods of teaching students, special attention is drawn to becoming a specialist through the implementation of scientific research. V.S.Gruzdev, having mastered under the guidance of Professor V.A.Manassein the first skills of scientific research, widely used them in his development as an obstetrician-gynecologist. Later he formed his own scientific school, which still exists today. One of his early works was the study of artificial insemination in mammals. This research, ahead of its time, marked the beginning of the study of in vitro fertilization. He revealed an important regularity in the development of a fertilized egg when it is planted in the oviduct. Other contemporary embryologists also spoke about this feature, mentioning that V.S.Gruzdev became the first scientist who described it. It is important that Viktorin Sergeevich proposed a plan to resolve the problem of infertile marriage, through his experiments as a result of his research, followers were able to significantly increase the number of pregnancies that occurred as a result of the treatment of obstruction of the fallopian tubes and identify problems associated with the pathology of spermatogenesis in men, and their role in an infertile marriage. Professor P.V.Manenkov, being a student and follower of V.S.Gruzdev, continued the work of his teacher and was also able to further participate in the development of a bill draft on heteronomous conception.