Impacts of Early Marriage on Fertility Outcomes in Nigeria

Abstract

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and projected to be the 3rd in the World by 2050. Despite measures to control the country’s population over the years, the total fertility rate has remained high. Fertility rate is associated with various factors but there is limited evidence on the role of early marriage as a predictor or barrier to fertility outcome. This study determined the association between early marriage and fertility outcome in Nigeria. This study is based on secondary data analysis of the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with sample that comprised of married women aged 20-24 years old. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The multivariate regression analysis revealed higher likely of women in early marriage to have childbirth in the first year of marriage (OR=2.26, 95%CI=1.96-2.61); and number of children ever born (OR=4.24, 95% CI=3.40-5.27) but lower odd of repeated childbirth in less than twenty-four months (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.52-0.83) and ever use of contraceptive (OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.45-0.61). However, the adjusted odd ratio only showed significant association between early marriage and number of children ever born (AOR=10.28, 95%CI=2.57-41.13). The nuanced analysis indicates that marriage at any age below 18 had higher effect on fertility than marriage at 18 and above. Early marriage predisposes married women to higher fertility and women with lower age of marriage have likelihood of higher fertility. Improving access of girls to education and contraceptives will delay the timing of pregnancy and childbirth. Keywords: Child marriage, Childbirth, Contraceptive, Early marriage, Fertility, Nigeria.