Role Of Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

Stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences of the executives and employees of Moscow Automobile Factory as a source on socio-psychological aspects of the history of its establishment (1915-1924)

This research is dedicated to stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences of the executives and employees of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev (AMO ZIL). The goal consists in determination of information capacity of stenographic transcription of reminiscences as a source for studying the socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises. The author examines the following aspects: reflection in stenographic transcriptions of the views of company’s executives and technician engineers upon the industrial process;  different aspects of economic culture of the company; socio-psychological image of employees and their relation to development of the company, local and nationwide sociopolitical processes, technological difficulties; perception of collective environment by the staff members; working and living conditions. In the course of study, the author applied socio-psychological and illustrative methods based on the comprehensive analysis of sources. As a result, the author determines high informational vale of stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences, demonstrate possibilities its implementation in studying socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises, namely economic culture, mentality of technical officers and staff members, atmosphere inside the collective, motivation and incentive system for employees, role of interpersonal relations in establishment and functionality of the company, views of executives and technician engineers on the industrial process, etc. Previously unstudied archival materials were introduced into the scientific discourse.

ДУХОВНО-ГЛИБИННА МЕТОДИЧНА ЕВРИСТИКА У ТВОРЧОСТІ В. СУХОМЛИНСЬКОГО

У статті розкривається виховна інноватика В. Сухомлинського, яка насамперед обумовлена неповторним і незміряним за своєю глибиною його духовним світом. Він мав у своєму серці духовно-перетворювальний імпульс, що зігрівав і орієнтував у духовну далину кожну дитину. Тому В. Сухомлинського неможливо повторити, його можна лише наслідувати, наближатися, та й цього достатньо, щоб бути успішним не лише вченим, а й практиком. Йдеться про виховання власною особистістю як виховання своєю святістю. Це ж найвища міра і ступінь духовного перетворення дитини як вихованця. Наголошується, що виховання власною особистістю як духовно-перетворювальна дія має складну і нині ще незвідану психологічну будову. Центральною категорію у цьому плані, за В. Сухомлинським, виступає «мудрість». Саме в контексті цієї категорії він піднімається до філософсько-етичних вершин, щоб спуститися до глибин духовного перетворення особистості.
 

Relationships between the acceptance of illness, quality of life and satisfaction with life in psoriasis.

IntroductionSince the skin plays a pivotal role in interpersonal relationships, a chronic dermatological condition (psoriasis), may have a profound effect on the psychological status of patients.AimTo analyse the effects of skin lesions on satisfaction with life, acceptance of illness and quality of life in psoriasis.Material and methodsThe study included psoriatics recruited at the Dermatology Outpatient Unit of the Regional Hospital in Lomza, Dermatology Outpatient Clinic in Siemiatycze and Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology Centre in Bialystok. The study patients were examined with a demographic survey prepared by the authors, as well as with three validated scales: AIS, SWLS and DLQI. A total of 263 questionnaire sets were handed out to the participants of the study; this pool included 200 questionnaires with complete data that were eventually included in the analysis.ResultsAcceptance of Illness Scale scores of the study participants ranged between 8 and 40 pts. Mean AIS scores for female and male psoriatics were similar, 23 and 25 pts, respectively. Based on the distribution of Satisfaction with Life Scale scores, 42 of the study patients presented with high levels of satisfaction with life, whereas 37 and 21 showed moderate and low satisfaction levels, respectively. Quality of life turned out to be the best among 20- to 30-year-old respondents as up to 74.19 of them had Dermatology Life Quality Index scores no greater than 10 pts.ConclusionsPsoriatics with higher levels of illness acceptance also presented with greater satisfaction with life.

Change in Objective Measure of Empathic Accuracy Following Social Cognitive Training.

Background: The capacity for empathy plays an important role in interpersonal relationships and social functioning, and impairments in empathy can have negative effects on social interactions and overall social adjustment. This suggests that empathy may be a critical target for intervention in individuals who struggle with social interactions, yet it is unclear if the skills required for empathy are malleable. This study investigates the efficacy of targeted social cognitive training for improving empathic skills.Methods: Forty-five individuals (mean age = 24) were included in this study. Twenty-four individuals were allocated to the active social cognition training group and 21 individuals were allocated to a computer games control condition. Subjects completed approximately 10.5 h of training over two weeks. Pre- and post- training, they completed measures of empathy and emotion recognition, including the Interpersonal Reactivity Inventory (IRI) and an empathic accuracy task. ANOVA and regression analyses tested changes in participants’ performance on the empathic accuracy task and scores on the IRI subscales were used to assess the effect of the social cognitive training.Results: Repeated measures ANOVA show that there is a significant group by timepoint interaction on the Empathic Accuracy task, with individuals who completed the social cognition training showing a significant improvement in performance following training. There were no significant changes for either group on any of the self-report IRI subscales. Individuals in the active training group show significant improvement on negative valence videos and a trend towards improvement on positive valence videos. In addition, individuals in social cognition active training group who reported higher intrinsic motivation demonstrated greater improvement on the Empathic Accuracy task.Conclusions: Individuals who completed a computerized social cognition training program demonstrated improved performance on a rater objective measure of empathic accuracy while individuals who completed a computer game control condition did not demonstrate any significant changes in their performance on the empathic accuracy task. These results suggest that targeted training in social cognition may increase empathic abilities, even in healthy individuals, and that this training may be beneficial to individuals with social cognitive deficits.

Living with dementia: the felt worth of support workers

AbstractConsidering the important role that paid support workers play in care of older people with dementia, it is vital that researchers and relevant organisations understand the factors that lead to them feeling valued for the work that they do, and the consequences of such valuing (or lack thereof). The current study employed semi-structured interviews to understand the individual experiences of 15 support workers based both in residential care homes and private homes. The General Inductive Approach was used to analyse the interview transcriptions and to develop a conceptual model that describes the conditions that lead to support workers feeling valued for the work that they do. This model consists of organisational or individual strategies, the context in which support work takes place, and various interactions, actions and intervening conditions that facilitate or prevent support workers feeling valued. A significant finding in this research was the role of interpersonal relationships and interactions which underlie all other aspects of the conceptual model developed here. By understanding the importance of how employers, families of older adults with dementia and peers interact with support workers, we may promote not only the quality of work that support workers deliver, but also the wellbeing of the support workers themselves.

The link between social interactions and trust recovery in customer–business relationships

AbstractTrust plays a crucial role in interpersonal relationships, including customer–company relationships, where the customer expects that a company will behave predictably in any particular situation. Companies do not always fulfill customers' expectations and thereby breach the trust relationship. To avoid negative consequences of this trust violation, companies may issue a formal apology as one possible path to regaining customer trust. In the same way, a previous social interaction, which can increase the customer's levels of oxytocin, can help to recover trust after service failures. In this study, three experiments were conducted as follows: the first manipulating a simulated social interaction with images; the second manipulating a physical social interaction, (i.e., a hug); and the third with exogenous oxytocin administration. The results showed that both physical interaction, (i.e., a hug) and simulated social interaction, (i.e., images of people interacting with each other) had a positive effect on customer trust recovery and provided support for oxytocin release as the underlying mechanism in this process. This research contributes to understanding of the link between social interactions and trust by elucidating the effects of both simulated and physical interactions on trust recovery.

Recognition of Emotion From Facial Expression for Autism Disorder

Facial expressions convey verbal indications that play an important role in interpersonal relationships. Despite the fact that people immediately perceive facial expressions for all intents and purposes, solid expression recognition by machine is still a challenge. From the point of view of automatic recognition, The facial expression may included the figurations of the facial parts and their spatial relationships or changes in the pigmentation of the face. The study of automatic facial recognition addresses issues relating to the static or dynamic qualities of such distortion or facial pigmentation. Use The Camera to capture the live images of autism people

МОРАЛЬНО-ЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ФІЛОСОФСЬКИХ ПОГЛЯДІВ НА КОРУПЦІЮ У ПОЛІТИЧНІЙ ТРАДИЦІЇ КИТАЮ

The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of moral and ethical views in Chinese philosophical thought on the corruption emergence, as well as the role of interpersonal relations in it; review the cultural background of corruption; consider the corruption of modern China from the point of view of Confucian traditional political culture. The study applies a complex of methods – analysis, synthesis, logical, historical-comparative, cultural, system-structural – to examine the state of the scientific coverage of the topic, the origin of corruption and its sacred factors with sociocultural factors. Based on the political and cultural origin of corruption’s clarification as a phenomenon and understanding of the modern China corruption from the point of view of Confucian traditional political culture, the author draws conclusions that the emergence of corruption is associated with specific sociocultural factors and causes that originate in interpersonal relations. Cultural genes deeply rooted in the political economy are called the primary source of corruption. At the same time, it is noted that the renewal of ideas in society is slow and does not have clear prospects for implementation; the formation of an environment of the rule of law requires a long process; overcoming corruption is an urgent task both in public life, and in the sphere of culture and science.

Role of Interpersonal Relationships in Mothers’ Foods Choice Decisions for Children Ages 1 < 5 Years in Rural Mexico (P10-051-19)

ObjectivesTo understand how mothers’ interpersonal relationships influence food choice decisions they make to feed children ages 1 to <5 years old in rural Mexico. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 46 mothers from 3 rural communities in Mexico in November and December 2016. Mothers were asked about their daily activities, their own knowledge about child feeding, the social ties from which they obtain information about child feeding, and local normative beliefs about food. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Thematic coding was used to identify the underlying values and meanings mothers ascribed to foods and the influential figures in their social circle to understand how interpersonal relationships influenced child feeding decisions. ResultsMost mothers had no formal employment and spent their day in activities such as upkeep of home, caring for their children, getting food, preparing meals, looking after their animals, and harvesting. Most mothers lived in multigenerational households or near relatives. Mothers’ knowledge about child feeding had a foundation in practices from their own mothers, being child caregivers to their siblings, employment as child caregivers in urban settings, and having older children. Mothers had prominent figures who influenced their decisions about child feeding. These figures were older women living in the household, other mothers within their social circle, health and social program personnel, children’s fathers, and children themselves. Mothers described specific foods and preparations locally acceptable to feed to children, noting that some beliefs and practices might conflict with others. In making decisions about what to feed their children, mothers appraised who their social ties were and their feeding practices. For example, mothers took in information from other mothers based on their perception of whether the child was well-fed, which included child appearance. ConclusionsMothers’ interpersonal relationships played an important role in their child feeding decisions. When designing a program to improve food choice, identifying and accounting for mothers’ key social ties regarding child feeding could enhance positive behavior change. Funding SourcesSPARC Graduate Research Grant from University of South Carolina.

Is body appreciation a mechanism of depression and anxiety? An investigation of the 3-Dimensional Body Appreciation Mapping (3D-BAM) intervention

Body appreciation is related to numerous mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety. This pilot study investigated the effects of an intervention, 3-Dimensional Body Appreciation Mapping (3D-BAM), developed to improve body image, depression, and anxiety by using 3D scanning technology to train participants to focus on ways they appreciate their bodies. Eighty-nine emerging adult women (Mage = 20.64) participated in the intervention and completed body image and mental health measures at baseline, pre/post-intervention, and 3-month follow up. For the intervention, participants digitally “painted” body parts of their personalized 3D avatar that they believed lived up to the cultural image of women, and that they appreciated for their appearance, utility, and role in interpersonal relationships. Following the intervention, participants reported increased body appreciation over time. Depression and anxiety decreased, but the reduction cannot be attributed to the intervention. However, body appreciation had a significant negative effect on depression and anxiety. These preliminary findings illustrate how utilizing 3D scanning technology to focus on body appreciation can improve body image among emerging adult women and reduce pathology.

Everyday (Imagined) Talk: An Exploration of Everyday Conversational Topics and Imagined Interaction Features

Imagined interactions (IIs), a cognitive process generating mental imagery of conversations, play an important role in interpersonal relationships. This study investigates the frequency of everyday...

A matter of perspective – the role of interpersonal relationships in supply chain risk management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to, first, explore the role of interpersonal relationships between buying and supplying firms in the management of supply chain disruptions (SCDs). Interpersonal connections are proposed as “social lubricants” that can advance the knowledge about conventional interorganizational antecedents of firm resilience. Differentiating between high- and low-complexity manufacturing industries, the study then looks into how managers from these industry clusters can leverage the efficacy of these relationships through the appropriate use of interorganizational governance mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling is conducted with data collected from 229 manufacturing firms in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Industry clusters are formed via a Q-sort exercise.FindingsResults support the assumption of a socially embedded, interpersonal dimension in buyer-supplier relationships that impact organizational-level resilience. It is suggested that investments in interpersonal skills and interpersonal complementarity are significant antecedents of both relational and re-deployable firm resilience. Surprisingly, no support was found for a positive impact of interpersonal information sharing on firm resilience, challenging findings from previous studies on an interorganizational level. Interorganizational governance and industry affiliation each have moderating effects on the performance of the resilience efficacy of interpersonal relationship antecedents, suggesting the existence of an important managerial lever.Originality/valueIntegrating the supply chain and behavioral science literature, this study is the first to investigate the interplay of interpersonal and organizational antecedents and their efficacy in the management of SCDs.

Atitude empática em estudantes de odontologia da Universidade Corporation Rafael Núñez na cidade de Cartagena

Introdução: empatia refere-se a um aspecto da personalidade que desempenha um papel importante em relacionamentos interpessoais, facilitando relação dentista-paciente comunicação e competição, essa interação adequada tenderá a melhorar a qualidade do atendimento odontológico oferecido. O objetivo foi descrever o grau de atitude empática que os alunos têm de Graduação em Odontologia na cidade de Cartagena, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: estudo exploratório e transversal, a amostra foi composta por 326 estudantes do 1o ao 5o ano. Foi utilizada escala de médico Empathy Jefferson versão «S» —eemj— (2), psicometricamente validados para medir a empatia. Para a análise dos resultados do teste foi aplicado Shapiro-Wilk normalidade médias foram comparadas usando um análise de variância (Anova) bifatorial Modelo III com a interação de primeira ordem. Com um nível de signi cância de p &lt;0,05. Resultados: a con abilidade foi satisfatória (0,72). Os escores obtidos no JSPE variou de um mínimo de 54 e um máximo de 130 pontos para as mulheres e um mínimo de 55 e um máximo de 126 para os homens, as médias de empatia globais foi baixa 85,2 ± de, os resultados não foram signi cativos (p = 0,185) para o fator de nível académico e sexo (p = 0,25). Discussão: os resultados obtidos sobre os níveis de estudantes de medicina dentária orientação de empatia, em geral foram baixos. Em relação aos estudantes estudos na América do Norte, México e Chile. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo suportam a conclusão de que apesar de existirem diferenças estatisticamente signi cativas nos níveis de cursos de orientação de empatia examinados diminuiu orientação empatia de estudantes quando começam a prática clínica é observada. Estes resultados são consistentes com outros estudos onde ele pode ser visto que o nível de empatia apresenta uma tendência de queda como níveis aumentam carreira. Conclusões: embora não houvesse diferenças estatisticamente signi cativas na orientação empática entre os anos acadêmicos e de gênero; destaca-se que no último ano da corrida a pontuação aumentou; Os homens relataram níveis mais elevados de orientação empática em valores absolutos do que as mulheres; o nível mais alto de orientação empática foi detectado no grupo do terceiro ano.

Quality of life, work ability, and facial deformities.

The face plays a central role in interpersonal relationships. Individuals with congenital or acquired facial deformities might experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships. Treatment should seek to improve their quality of life and work ability. To analyze the health-related quality of life and work ability of individuals with facial deformities. Study with mixed, quantitative and qualitative methods. We conducted semi-structured interviews on health-related quality of life and its implications for work with 16 individuals with facial deformities, eight cases of congenital and eight of acquired deformities, cared at specialized services in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Work Ability Index (WAI) and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were administered. Thematic analysis led us to detect two categories of themes associated with facial deformities: interpersonal relationships and work ability; and quality of life and access to treatment. The participants with acquired facial deformities exhibited lower educational level and income, and lower quality of life and WAI scores compared to the ones with congenital deformities. All the participants with congenital deformities had received some form of rehabilitation and their social relationships were less impaired. Individuals with acquired facial deformities exhibited poorer work ability and quality of life compared to the ones with congenital deformities. Early rehabilitation of congenital deformities seems to considerably improve work ability and health-related quality of life.

Parents and peers as protective factors among adolescents exposed to neighborhood risk

The purpose of this study was to examine the link between neighborhood risk and adolescent antisocial behavior and whether this association was moderated by parent and peer relationships and characteristics. We also explored whether the moderating effects varied by age. The sample consisted of 206 adolescents (ages 10–18years) from predominantly low-income, ethnic minority families. Results indicated that high levels of neighborhood violence and neighborhood danger were significantly related to high levels of antisocial behavior. The findings also showed that high levels of peer (but not parent) prosocial behavior and emotion regulation attenuated the links between neighborhood violence and antisocial behavior. Moreover, parent-adolescent (but not peer-adolescent) relationship quality served as a protective factor in the face of neighborhood violence and danger. In addition, little evidence of age differences in the moderating effects of parents and peers was found. Implications regarding the role of interpersonal relationships in the context of risk are discussed.

The role of interpersonal relationship and health behaviors to improve subjective well-being among university students

The role of interpersonal relationship and health behaviors to improve subjective well-being among university students

Physiognomy: Personality traits prediction by learning

Evaluating individuals’ personality traits and intelligence from their faces plays a crucial role in interpersonal relationship and important social events such as elections and court sentences. To assess the possible correlations between personality traits (also measured intelligence) and face images, we first construct a dataset consisting of face photographs, personality measurements, and intelligence measurements. Then, we build an end-to-end convolutional neural network for prediction of personality traits and intelligence to investigate whether self-reported personality traits and intelligence can be predicted reliably from a face image. To our knowledge, it is the first work where deep learning is applied to this problem. Experimental results show the following three points: 1) “Rule-consciousness” and “Tension” can be reliably predicted from face images. 2) It is difficult, if not impossible, to predict intelligence from face images, a finding in accord with previous studies. 3) Convolutional neural network (CNN) features outperform traditional handcrafted features in predicting traits.

The Role of Interpersonal Relations in Healthcare Team Communication and Patient Safety: A Proposed Model of Interpersonal Process in Teamwork.

Patient safety is compromised by medical errors and adverse events related to miscommunications among healthcare providers. Communication among healthcare providers is affected by human factors, such as interpersonal relations. Yet, discussions of interpersonal relations and communication are lacking in healthcare team literature. This paper proposes a theoretical framework that explains how interpersonal relations among healthcare team members affect communication and team performance, such as patient safety. We synthesized studies from health and social science disciplines to construct a theoretical framework that explicates the links among these constructs. From our synthesis, we identified two relevant theories: framework on interpersonal processes based on social relation model and the theory of relational coordination. The former involves three steps: perception, evaluation, and feedback; and the latter captures relational communicative behavior. We propose that manifestations of provider relations are embedded in the third step of the framework on interpersonal processes: feedback. Thus, varying team-member relationships lead to varying collaborative behavior, which affects patient-safety outcomes via a change in team communication. The proposed framework offers new perspectives for understanding how workplace relations affect healthcare team performance. The framework can be used by nurses, administrators, and educators to improve patient safety, team communication, or to resolve conflicts.

Knowledge practices, waves and verticality: Tracing HIV/AIDS activism from late apartheid to the present in South Africa

As the South African HIV/AIDS epidemic enters its fourth decade, universal access to treatment has begun to extend the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS. While the South Africa’s ruling party – the African National Congress – has seized on improved health to bolster their political profile, the key agitators in producing this outcome were South African HIV/AIDS activists. Narrative accounts of the extended initiative have focused on the organisations that led the campaign for treatment access, such as the Treatment Access Campaign. Reflecting present trends in social movement theory, the emphasis in these accounts has been on transnational and/or ‘horizontal’ ties in alliance building. This approach obscures continuities with early South African HIV/AIDS activism during the late apartheid era. The concept of verticality is proposed as a means of highlighting the role of interpersonal relationships in the development of institutions and transmission of knowledge practices that link the waves of South African HIV/AIDS activism.

Empathy toward animals and people: The role of gender and length of service in a sample of Italian veterinarians

Abstract Empathy plays an important role in interpersonal relationships, and it also shapes the relationship between human and nonhuman species, affecting the way animals are treated and cared for. Veterinarians play a key role with regard to animal welfare and, especially in companion animal practice, they have to care for nonhuman patients as well as for human clients, showing sensitivity and empathy toward both. However, empathy in veterinary professionals has received very little attention so far. This study investigated empathy toward animals and people in veterinarians, assessing whether and to what extent they are influenced by variables such as gender and length of service. In fact, these variables have been reported to affect empathy in a variety of caring professions. We used the Animal Empathy Scale to assess empathy toward animals and the Empathy Quotient to assess empathy toward people in a sample of 107 veterinarians, practicing in veterinary clinics in Milan area and working mainly with dogs and cats. Our findings are in agreement with the evidence suggesting a process of feminization in the veterinary profession, showing a higher percentage of females than males entering the practice. In addition, results reveal a significant effect of gender on empathy toward animals, with women scoring higher than men, but no effect of length of service. This suggests that, differently from what seems to occur during veterinary training, professionals maintain a good level of empathy toward animals over years. Interestingly, length of service had a significant effect on empathy toward people, with more experienced veterinarians scoring higher than their younger colleagues; this result suggests that the ability to take into account and support pet owners' emotional needs may grow over time. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature assessing empathy toward animals and people in veterinarians working in small animal practice. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of empathy in the quality of care, pet owners' satisfaction, and veterinarians' well-being.