Role In Information Science Research Articles

O conceito de relevância na recuperação de informação

This work aims to present a bibliographical survey on the concept of relevance, its properties and characteristics, as well as systematizing its manifestations and its use in Information Science, particularly in the process of information retrieval. To achieve this, the research was based on a bibliographical survey of several authors who have relevance as an object of study. It found that the concept of relevance has several formal definitions and can be interpreted in different ways. Relevance is also strongly linked to information retrieval systems. In this context, it can be classified under two approaches: user relevance and system relevance. From the results, we conclude that relevance plays a fundamental role in Information Science, with emphasis on the information retrieval process, which often uses this concept as a metric to evaluate the effectiveness of algorithms and systems.

The role of Information Science in the era of disinformation

O II Diálogo sobre Bibliotecas (in)formadoras, teve como tema central a "Atuação da Ciência da Informação na era da desinformação", foi um evento de suma importância para o campo acadêmico e profissional. O mesmo foi promovido pela Faculdade de Biblioteconomia (FABIB) do Instituto de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas (ICSA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), este encontro representou um esforço coletivo para enfrentar um dos desafios mais prementes do nosso tempo: a disseminação de informações falsas e imprecisas, amplamente difundidas na era digital, sendo este um dos maiores problemas da era digital, assim como abordado por (Santaella, 2020).
 A desinformação, conhecida como infodemia, propagada por meio das chamadas fake news, não apenas compromete a credibilidade de dados e conhecimentos, mas também influencia decisões, opiniões e até mesmo políticas públicas, segundo Kalil e Santini (2020) o termo infodemia refere-se a uma sobrecarga de informações de diversos contextos, desprovidas de tratamento e credibilidade, podendo ser falsas, distorcidas e fundamentadas em suposições em vez de evidências. Esse fenômeno exige uma resposta eficaz e coordenada, que só pode ser alcançada por meio da colaboração entre diversos campos do conhecimento, destacando-se a Ciência da Informação.
 Neste contexto, é vital reconhecer a importância dos profissionais ligados à Biblioteconomia, Arquivologia, Museologia, Ciência da Informação e áreas afins. Estes atores desempenham um papel crucial na promoção da alfabetização midiática, na curadoria de conteúdo confiável e na disseminação de práticas informacionais éticas. Suas contribuições são fundamentais para a construção de uma sociedade informada, crítica e consciente assim como abordado por (Araújo, 2021).
 Além disso, a itinerância deste evento, que já teve sua primeira edição no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul - MT, reflete a necessidade de descentralização dos debates e oportunidades de atualização profissional. É inegável que a ausência de cursos presenciais nessas áreas em determinadas regiões acarreta em um déficit preocupante de atualização e participação ativa desses profissionais em debates tão relevantes para o país.
 A realização do evento em formato online não apenas facilita a participação de profissionais e acadêmicos de diferentes localidades, mas também ressalta o potencial das tecnologias digitais como ferramentas para a disseminação do conhecimento e a conexão entre especialistas e interessados na temática.
 Este diálogo possibilitou reunir não só alunos e professores das áreas específicas, mas também profissionais de diferentes segmentos como jornalismo, comunicação, história e demais interessados na missão de promover uma cultura informacional responsável e criteriosa.
 Este evento foi uma oportunidade ímpar para enriquecer o debate, compartilhar descobertas científicas e experiências práticas, fortalecendo assim a base de conhecimento necessária para combater a desinformação e construir uma sociedade mais informada e consciente.
 Dessa forma, agradecemos que os interessados que se juntaram no II Diálogo Sobre Bibliotecas (In)formadoras que é um evento tão singular na região. Agradecemos aos participantes e autores de trabalhos que estiveram ativamente nas atividades para fortalecer um diálogo produtivo e colaborativo sobre o papel essencial da Ciência da Informação diante do desafio da desinformação. É somente unidos que poderemos avançar na promoção de uma cultura informacional robusta e confiável para o benefício de todos. Juntos, podemos avançar na promoção de uma cultura informacional mais sólida e confiável para todos.

The Applications and Challenges of Quantum Teleportation

Quantum teleportation plays a crucial role in information science for its property of completely secure transmission. It was first demonstrated as a means of transferring the quantum state. Later, it has been extended greatly in the field of quantum computing, quantum network, and quantum communication and other fields. The first part of this paper will talk briefly about the basic theory of quantum teleportation and the applications that have been achieved in recent years in both commercial and scientific purposes. Next, the results of current experiments and the challenges that should be overcome in the future will be presented. The final section will be a discussion about the development of quantum teleportation and its future implementations.

Fundamentals of deep data science


 
 
 The present study reports the fundamentals of deep data sciences and their emerging roles across the globe. The influence of deep data science plays important roles in information science. The tools and softwares designed using big data science are creating huge impact on the society. Keeping these into consideration, the study reports the beneficial aspect of it along with basic information.
 
 

A Novel Approach to Semantic Similarity Measurement Based on a Weighted Concept Lattice: Exemplifying Geo-Information

The measurement of semantic similarity has been widely recognized as having a fundamental and key role in information science and information systems. Although various models have been proposed to measure semantic similarity, these models are not able effectively to quantify the weights of relevant factors that impact on the judgement of semantic similarity, such as the attributes of concepts, application context, and concept hierarchy. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that comprehensively considers the effects of various factors on semantic similarity judgment, which we name semantic similarity measurement based on a weighted concept lattice (SSMWCL). A feature model and network model are integrated together in SSMWCL. Based on the feature model, the combined weight of each attribute of the concepts is calculated by merging its information entropy and inclusion-degree importance in a specific application context. By establishing the weighted concept lattice, the relative hierarchical depths of concepts for comparison are computed according to the principle of the network model. The integration of feature model and network model enables SSMWCL to take account of differences in concepts more comprehensively in semantic similarity measurement. Additionally, a workflow of SSMWCL is designed to demonstrate these procedures and a case study of geo-information is conducted to assess the approach.

The importance of a differentiated representation of information for Contemporary Art: Use of fruition as a classification attribute

Abstract The purpose of this study is to discuss information and art analyzing, through the representation of information, the role of Information Science. It is a discussion about the representation of information of Contemporary Art through the collaborative work among professionals. Information Science can contribute to the treatment and organization of information since it addresses the representation of information in different contexts and materials, reducing the complexity of these objects based on the possibility of abstraction and fruition. It includes a critical reflection based on artists' books that are part of the Paraiba's Center for Contemporary Art Collection. It was found that there is a tendency to homogenize the treatment of information of artworks through descriptive representation.

Open innovation in smart cities: Civic participation and co‐creation of public services

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this panel is to discuss actual developments in the co‐creation of public services and the role of information science within it. With the advent of the knowledge society, participation and co‐creation of public services have become crucial in smart‐city decision‐making processes. Transfer of knowledge through face‐to‐face interaction and the transfer of information through digital networks are spurring the process of innovation. The combination of both dimensions needs particular attention in the field of information science to enable suitable methods of knowledge management at a city level. This panel will bring together best‐practice examples and research frameworks. In real‐world scenarios, citizens are involved in decision‐making in the case of public library development. First, frameworks of smart‐city assessment and of knowledge management at the city level are discussed. Finally, the role of information science in open innovation processes will be the focus of this panel. For this purpose, the panel brings together researchers and practitioners from library and information science, as well as from neighboring disciplines, to discuss how information and communication technology (ICT) and open innovation are changing our society, culture, and urban space.

Role of Information Science in Sustainable Development: Sierra Leone as a Case Study

Abstract IS / ICT is dictating the world in terms of service provision, and more so in education and the financial sector such as electronic money transfer. The article has provided a review of Information Science (IS) in the light of its wider interpretation in different walks of life. The current state of IS / ICT provision is also addressed, with the need to focusing attention in improving the country's capacity in meeting global demand for services. Qualitative interpretation of themes was used in helping to provide critical approach in unravelling issues for the good of the nation. Recommendations pointed to an enhancement in the infrastructural capacity, and also human resources to address on-going demands. IS / ICT capacity around the world is changing and so too is the need for the country to build on its human resource potential to address threats posed, from within and outside of the country, while at the same time focusing attention in enhancing the green economy.

Randomness generation based on spontaneous emissions of lasers

Random numbers play a key role in information science, especially in cryptography. Based on the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, quantum random number generators can produce genuine randomness. In particular, random numbers can be produced from laser phase fluctuations with a very high speed, typically in the Gbps regime. In this work, by developing a physical model, we investigate the origin of the randomness in quantum random number generators based on laser phase fluctuations. We show how the randomness essentially stems from spontaneous emissions. The laser phase fluctuation can be quantitatively evaluated from basic principles and qualitatively explained by the Brownian motion model. After taking account of practical device precision, we show that the randomness generation speed is limited by the finite resolution of detection devices. Our result also provides the optimal experiment design in order to achieve the maximum generation speed.

Emerging trends in the use and adoption of E‐participation around the world

ABSTRACTThis panel showcases analyses of emerging trends of e‐participation—use of information communication technologies (ICTs) and social media for political participation. E‐participation has gained popularity in many countries, and some cases have shown that e‐participation has actually brought significant changes in societies.In this panel, we address two issues: (1) the impacts of e‐participation on society, and (2) the role of information science in understanding this phenomenon. We will focus on introducing emerging trends in e‐participation and their impact on individuals and societies in South Korea, the United States, and Honduras. Further, we introduce methods for efficiently analyzing e‐participation data, and discuss challenges involved in implementing these methodologies. Because this is intended to be an interactive panel, the audience will be encouraged to engage in discussions and contributing their own experiences and ideas related to current trends in e‐participation in various countries.SPONSORSHIP: SIG III, SIG IEP

Bracing for impact: The role of information science in supporting societal research impact

ABSTRACTAcademics are increasingly being asked to demonstrate the impact of their research beyond the walls of the academy. Societal impact measures were introduced as part of the Research Excellence Framework exercise in the UK in 2014 with a number of other countries, including Australia, considering similar assessments. As societal impact measures continue to proliferate there will be significant implications for academics, institutions, and academic libraries to document and support these activities. Information science is well‐placed not only to guide practical supports within our institutions, but also to develop metrics and qualitative approaches to assess this type of research impact. This exploratory qualitative study — situated in a constructivist grounded theory methodology — investigated academics’ experiences and perceptions of the concept of societal research impact and the supports needed to facilitate this work. The definition of impact varied greatly among participants, but regardless of the participant's conception, interviewees felt that they were not prepared, trained, or had access to the needed supports to adequately document non‐academic types of impact. The data point to a number of emergent themes including a lack of relevant methodologies for tracking societal impact, the shortcomings of metrics approaches to document impact outside of academe, and the need for academic libraries to extend current reference and training supports to provide researchers with the tools and skills needed in this new impact landscape. Implications for research and development in information science related to scholarly communication, researchers’ information behaviors, and impact measures are also explored.

Resistance and possibility: Rethinking the concept of subject access from queer theoretical perspectives

This session will use queer theory to raise important questions about the role of information science in relation to queer communities. Using examples taken from both literary and popular culture, the session will look at the practices of classification in information systems, and how those practices, even when they attempt to facilitate access to resources for LGBTQ communities, ignore disjunctions and distortions that, far from being a barrier to access, form a fundamental aspect of queer expression.

Message from the incoming president: ASIS&T participation agenda

Message from the incoming president: ASIS&T participation agenda

Probability- and curve-based fractal reconstruction on 2D DEM terrain profile

Data compression and reconstruction has been playing important roles in information science and engineering. As part of them, image compression and reconstruction that mainly deal with image data set reduction for storage or transmission and data set restoration with least loss is still a topic deserved a great deal of works to focus on. In this paper we propose a new scheme in comparison with the well-known Improved Douglas–Peucker (IDP) method to extract characteristic or feature points of two-dimensional digital elevation model (2D DEM) terrain profile to compress data set. As for reconstruction in use of fractal interpolation, we propose a probability-based method to speed up the fractal interpolation execution to a rate as high as triple or even ninefold of the regular. In addition, a curve-based method is proposed in the study to determine the vertical scaling factor that much affects the generation of the interpolated data points to significantly improve the reconstruction performance. Finally, an evaluation is made to show the advantage of employing the proposed new method to extract characteristic points associated with our novel fractal interpolation scheme.

The double role of ontologies in information science research

AbstractIn philosophy, Ontology is the basic description of things in the world. In information science, an ontology refers to an engineering artifact, constituted by a specific vocabulary used to describe a certain reality. Ontologies have been proposed for validating both conceptual models and conceptual schemas; however, these roles are quite dissimilar. In this article, we show that ontologies can be better understood if we classify the different uses of the term as it appears in the literature. First, we explain Ontology (upper case O) as used in Philosophy. Then, we propose a differentiation between ontologies of information systems and ontologies for information systems. All three concepts have an important role in information science. We clarify the different meanings and uses of Ontology and ontologies through a comparison of research by Wand and Weber and by Guarino in ontology‐driven information systems. The contributions of this article are twofold: (a) It provides a better understanding of what ontologies are, and (b) it explains the double role of ontologies in information science research.

The Virtual Organization: Evidence of Academic Structuration in Business Programs and Implications for Information Science

Virtual forms of organization, including outsourcing, are expected to bring broad, structural transformations to American business. Yet, little is known about the formal response of U.S. Business Schools to the boundary-spanning challenges that virtual organization presents. In this study, key elements of Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) are utilized as a means to investigate the effects of virtual organization on academic disciplines. Results of a survey of 471 Business School faculty members, including 63 Information Systems faculty, on the role of virtual organization in academic curricula are analyzed in the terms defined by the AST framework. Results indicate significant variation by discipline, concept area, and appropriation of the concepts related to virtual organization. Implications for Information Science include the need for establishing academic leadership as well as attending to perceived limitations in virtual organization tools and technologies. In addition, the results have implications for the ongoing dialogue on the role of Information Science and related academic disciplines.

Clearing up “implicit knowledge”: Implications for Knowledge Management, information science, psychology, and social epistemology

Abstract“Implicit knowledge” and “tacit knowledge” in Knowledge Management (KM) are important, often synonymous, terms. In KM they often refer to private or personal knowledge that needs to be made public. The original reference of “tacit knowledge” is to the work of the late scientist and philosopher, Michael Polanyi (Polanyi, 1969), but there is substantial evidence that the KM discourse has poorly understood Polanyi's term. Two theoretical problems in Knowledge Management's notion of “implicit knowledge,” which undermine empirical work in this area, are examined. The first problem involves understanding the term “knowledge” according to a folk‐psychology of mental representation to model expression. The second is epistemological and social: understanding Polanyi's term, tacit knowing as a psychological concept instead of as an epistemological problem, in general, and one of social epistemology and of the epistemology of the sciences, in particular. Further, exploring Polanyi's notion of tacit knowing in more detail yields important insights into the role of knowledge in science, including empirical work in information science. This article has two parts: first, there is a discussion of the folk‐psychology model of representation and the need to replace this with a more expressionist model. In the second part, Polanyi's concept of tacit knowledge in relation to the role of analogical thought in expertise is examined. The works of philosophers, particularly Harré and Wittgenstein, are brought to bear on these problems. Conceptual methods play several roles in information science that cannot satisfactorily be performed empirically at all or alone. Among these roles, such methods may examine historical issues, they may critically engage foundational assumptions, and they may deploy new concepts. In this article the last two roles are examined.

Inteligência biológica versus inteligência artificial: uma abordagem crítica

Após considerações iniciais sobre inteligência, um estudo comparativo entre inteligência biológica e inteligência artificial é feito. Os especialistas em Inteligência Artificial são de opinião que inteligência é simplesmente uma matéria de manipulação de símbolos físicos. Neste sentido, o objetivo da Inteligência Artificial é entender como a inteligência cerebral funciona em termos de conceitos e técnicas de engenharia. De modo diverso os filósofos da ciência acreditam que os computadores podem ter uma sintaxe, porém não têm uma semântica. No presente trabalho é ressaltado que o complexo cérebro/mente constitui um sistema monolítico, que funciona com funções emergentes em vários níveis de organização hierárquica. Esses níveis hierárquicos não são redutíveis um ao outro. Eles são, no mínimo, três (neuronal, funcional e semântico) e funcionam dentro de um plano interacional. Do ponto de vista epistemológico, o complexo cérebro/mente se utiliza de mecanismos lógicos e não-lógicos para lidar com os problemas do dia-a-dia. A lógica é necessária para o processo do pensamento, porém não é suficiente. Ênfase é dada aos mecanismos não-lógicos (lógica nebulosa, heurística, raciocínio intuitivo), os quais permitem à mente desenvolver estratégias para encontrar soluções.