World Robot Research Articles

World Robot Summit (WRS2020) —It's Planning and Results—

World Robot Summit (WRS2020) —It's Planning and Results—

Summary and Outcomes of the Assembly Challenge, World Robot Summit

Summary and Outcomes of the Assembly Challenge, World Robot Summit

Challenge of Academic Team JAKS for World Robot Summit

Challenge of Academic Team JAKS for World Robot Summit

Impact of participation in the World Robot Olympiad on K-12 robotics education from the coach's perspective

<p style="text-indent:20px;">The integration of robotics education with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has a great potential in future education. In recent years, numerous countries have hosted robotic competitions. This study uses a mixed research method to explore the coaches' views on student participation in the World Robot Olympiad (WRO) by incorporating the questionnaire surveys and interviews conducted at the 2019 WRO finals in Hungary. By quantitative and qualitative analyses, coaches generally agreed that participation in the WRO improved students' STEM learning skills and cultivated their patience and resilience in handling challenging tasks.</p>

Climate change, global population growth, and humanoid robots

According to the 2015 Paris Agreement, signatories were to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. However, it is more likely that global warming will rise above 1.5°C by 2050 and 2.0°C by 2100. The primary driver of climate change is population growth. 7.7 billion people live on the planet with projections of 11 billion by 2100. Accordingly, developed countries like the US, which disproportionately generate the CO2 causing climate change, need to reduce population; however, the U.S. government, in particular, is increasingly hostile to the availability of birth control and abortion. It is in this context that the technological world of humanoid robots may make a significant impact upon populations in the developed world. Scholars project the proliferation of humanoid robots as objects of sexual desire. As people increasingly use humanoid robots as sexual partners, particularly in developed countries where individuals can afford expensive sexbots, the birth rate of developed countries will surely fall from the current 1.7 in the US, 1.6 in Europe, and 1.4 in Japan. This article explores the problems with and the possibilities of humanoid sex robots as a prophylactic to human population growth and climate change.

Energy Efficiency and Pollution Control Through ICTs for Sustainable Development

The goal of this paper is to prove the necessity for a more thorough consideration and more active use of the modern ICTs for the technological support for the practical implementation of the SDGs’ ecological block in the aspect of the increase of energy efficiency and environmental pollution control. The originality of this paper is as follows: it develops a proprietary methodology of evaluating the technical readiness (level of the development of ICTs) for implementing the ecological block of the SDGs, which envisage the increase of energy efficiency and the growth of environmental pollution control. The highest (but moderate) technological readiness to implement the ecological block of the SDGs among developed countries has been shown by Canada (14.42 points) and Denmark (11.03 points), among developing countries—China (7.72 points). As a result, it has been proved that UCTs are a perspective tool of the practical implementation of the ecological block of the SDGs, stimulating the increase of energy efficiency and improving the environment pollution control. For developed countries, it is recommended to increase the use of Big data and AI analytics by 90.36% and increase the use of ICTs in E-government by 89.74%. This will allow achieving the growth of energy efficiency by 8.28% and the decrease of environmental pollution by 28.41%. In developing countries, it is recommended to increase world robots distribution by 14.17% and increase the use of ICTs in E-government by 76.74%. This will allow increasing the energy efficiency by 16.77% and decreasing the level of environmental pollution by 15.54%. This paper’s contribution to literature (innovative aspect of research) consists in filling the gap of the uncertainty (underdevelopment) of the tools for practical implementation of the SDGs ecological block. This paper has demonstrated the substantial potential of ICTs in the stimulation of the growth of energy efficiency and reduction of environmental pollution in developed and developing countries.

Sistem Keseimbangan Robot ERISA Pada Bidang Miring Menggunakan Kontrol PD dan Sensor Fusion

The world of robotics is currently developing; many robots are created to help humans work in carrying out daily activities. Various types of robots have been created, one of which is a type of robot that resembles a human body (humanoid). Humanoid robots are developing in many countries, including Indonesia. In its development, the walking technique is a major factor in making humanoid robots. Humanoid robots have the ability to walk like humans by balancing their body positions while walking, so they don’t fall. In maintaining this balance, a tilt detection system for the robot’s position and a balancing system is needed when the robot is about to fall. So, to overcome this problem, implementation is carried out using the sensor fusion method at the output of the sensors that are used to minimize noise or interference with the sensor output value. The accuracy of the sensor output value on the position angle tilt detector can help the robot provide a balancing act. By implementing a PD control system and sensor fusion consisting of a Kalman filter and a complementary filter, the robot was successfully carried up and down the plane to a maximum slope of 12 °.

Dominants and Features of Growth of the World Market of Robotics

Purpose: Explore the current state, trends and development prospects of the global robotics market, especially the industrial robotics segment, as well as the service robots segment.
 Design/Method/Approach: Logical, statistical, and graphical methods were used; systemic, structural-functional, and comparative types of analysis. The specificity of the interdisciplinary research is expressed in the use of the methodology for graphical presentation of the life cycle of technologies and goods.
 Findings: The format for the use of “end-to-end” digital technologies, which include robotics, artificial intelligence and others, was determined, which leads to extreme changes in production and consumption and, in fact, marks the onset of a new technological order. It can be stated that a new cluster of innovations has been formed in the information technology industry, going beyond its limits, explosively transforming the sectors of the economy, the activities of the state and business, society and the world as a whole. The world markets for new technologies and goods are being formed, the composition and distribution of the roles of the participants in the global innovation system are changing. Modern concepts of innovative development of the world economy were studied, and a comparative analysis of methods for studying the markets of high-tech goods in various schools of economics was carried out. The authors outlined the features of the formation of the world robotics industry as a large technological system and assessed the place of the world market of robots in the world economy. The study contains the results of the work carried out to study the conditions and factors of the development of the global robotics market, as well as an overview of its geographical and corporate structure. In the scientific work, a study of the features of pricing in the robotics market and the specifics of creating and financing robotic projects was carried out.
 Theoretical Implications: A comprehensive assessment of the global robotics market was carried out and the leading vectors of its transformations and growth prospects were identified.
 Practical Implications: The obtained results of the study can be used as the basis for the formation of a corporate strategy for the development of individual companies and enterprises of industrial sectors of the world economy in order to accelerate innovative, technical and economic development in a durable format.
 Originality/Value: The features and components of the development of the world industrial robotics market have been investigated. The encouraging directions of robotization of the world economy are determined. Prospects for further research. The obtained results can be used in the context of the promising development of a national doctrine or policy of robotization and the development of digital robotic systems of industry in the countries of the world.
 Future Research: The obtained results can be used in the context of prospective development of national doctrine or policy of work and development of digitalized industrial systems of the world's countries.
 
 Paper type: Theoretical

Analysis of the Motor Control System for Moving Goods Using Google Assistant

Modern technology today, especially in the world of technology Robots are developing very rapidly. Many developed countries are competing and vying to make increasingly sophisticated robots. In Indonesia, robots have also begun to develop. Developments in the field of robotics are also able to have a positive impact in the industrial sector. One example is the process of moving an item/object from one place to another. This study aims to test the motion system, namely a DC motor that functions as a motor for carrying goods. The method used is input from commands given by the user via a smartphone with voice access. As an intermediary, a bluetooth connection is used so that commands can be sent from a smartphone to the control circuit. The controller used is the AVR type, namely atmega 328 on the Arduino Uno board. At the output, there are relays and current amplifiers that function as motor drivers. The user will give orders via a smartphone where on the smartphone runs an application, namely a voice to text converter. The application will convert the human voice into text and send via bluetooth to the controller. The Arduino controller will identify the command code and execute it, namely controlling the robot's motion in the direction desired by the user, for example forward, backward left and right or towards a predetermined point.

Enhancement for P300-speller classification using multi-window discriminative canonical pattern matching

Objective. P300s are one of the most studied event-related potentials (ERPs), which have been widely used for brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). Thus, fast and accurate recognition of P300s is an important issue for BCI study. Recently, there emerges a lot of novel classification algorithms for P300-speller. Among them, discriminative canonical pattern matching (DCPM) has been proven to work effectively, in which discriminative spatial pattern (DSP) filter can significantly enhance the spatial features of P300s. However, the pattern of ERPs in space varies with time, which was not taken into consideration in the traditional DCPM algorithm. Approach. In this study, we developed an advanced version of DCPM, i.e. multi-window DCPM, which contained a series of time-dependent DSP filters to fine-tune the extraction of spatial ERP features. To verify its effectiveness, 25 subjects were recruited and they were asked to conduct the typical P300-speller experiment. Main results. As a result, multi-window DCPM achieved the character recognition accuracy of 91.84% with only five training characters, which was significantly better than the traditional DCPM algorithm. Furthermore, it was also compared with eight other popular methods, including SWLDA, SKLDA, STDA, BLDA, xDAWN, HDCA, sHDCA and EEGNet. The results showed multi-window DCPM preformed the best, especially using a small calibration dataset. The proposed algorithm was applied to the BCI Controlled Robot Contest of P300 paradigm in 2019 World Robot Conference, and won the first place. Significance. These results demonstrate that multi-window DCPM is a promising method for improving the performance and enhancing the practicability of P300-speller.

Simultaneous robot–world and hand–eye calibration based on a pair of dual equations

Two kinematic loops of hand–eye system have different geometric interpretations, which raises problems in hand–eye calibration and robot–world–hand–eye calibration. While robot–world–hand–eye calibration involves more unknowns for estimation, hand–eye calibration only deals with hand–eye transformation. This study proposed a novel model based on a pair of dual equations that can determine both robot–world and hand–eye transformations. Simultaneous and separable solutions for the dual equations are given under the circumstances of whether the homogeneous matrices are decoupled. Simulations and experiments verified the feasibility and superiority of the proposed methods versus two reference ones in the aspects of accuracy and robustness. Meanwhile, the separable solution is proved to possess better performance as the negative effect caused by the translation scaling and the robot size is removed from rotation. The results show that the prediction errors of rotation and translation based on the new model be reduced to 0.07∘ and 1.3 mm, respectively.

Robotics in Elementary School using the BIT microcontroller

Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education and aims to create equal opportunities for all children to achieve a balanced cognitive, emotional and psychomotor development tailored to individual needs. The paper presents informal activities implemented for elementary school students to familiarize them with simple sensors, actuators and BIT microcontrollers that can be programmed with simple software. The activities were carried out in four working groups, organized in the classrooms, the participants being pupils in the third grade. Activities began with a description of the term “robotics” and a short film showing the importance of educational robots. After the introduction into the world of robotics, high school students, member of Nano Tech Robotics Club, implemented interactive activities for elementary school students using Micro: Bit microcontroller and simple sensors.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM NAVIGASI ROBOT SEPAKBOLA BERODA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GREEDY

Development in the world of robotics at this time is growing where robots can be useful in every human activity, the role of robots at this time canalready help in human work. In Indonesia, robot contests have been held every year at both regional and national levels. One of the categories to bediscussed in this research is the Indonesian Football Robot Contest (KRSBI). In the indonesian football robot contest is divided into two more categories,namely humanoid division football robot and wheel division football robot. In this category, robots must be able to navigate to find the ball and kicktowards the goal. The main objective of this robot is to navigate and search for the ball to reach the opponent's goal. However, at the time of the matchthe robot has problems in the ball search system quickly, so it can slow down in taking the decision to chase the ball because the robot can not knowthe distance of the ball and the robot. One solution that can help the problem in wheeled football robots is to add greedy methods to wheeled footballrobots in taking the best option. So that the robot can vaccinate quickly and can chase the ball well. The test area uses a field of 180cm x 360cm. Thetest is declared successful if the robot can reach the ball and avoid the obstacle. From the test results, the robot managed to reach the ball well, so it canbe concluded that the robot can navigate using the greedy algorithm

Analysis of Multi-arm Robot Assembly Using a Task Board for the World Robot Summit 2018

This paper describes comparative analyses of time-efficient multi-arm assembly using a task board for a belt drive unit. The task board was used for the World Robot Summit (WRS) 2018 competition. From the viewpoint of using multiple arms, handling multiple parts simultaneously, and representing assembly both by robot systems and by human subjects, this paper introduces the set that shows only the contact condition between the arm and the part to arrange the time series data easily. Based on this analysis, there is a significant difference in the whole work time between the robot systems and the human subjects. One of the reasons is the difference in the usage of multiple arms. It will be important for robot systems to utilize multiple arms simultaneously to realize the time-efficient multi-arm assembly.

The Role of Competitive Robotics in Providing Context to Classroom Learning and Technical Skill Development in School Age Students—A Survey of Current Avenues, Assessment, and Path Forward with Systematic Implementation

Finding context, examples, and ample hands-on experimentation is fundamental for understanding complex ideas in subjects such as science and math. Recent popularity of competitive robotics has become a catalyst in the development of DIY and hobby kits. Manufacturers have made available easy to work, re-configurable, and functional, structural elements as well as control electronics. Additionally, extensive participation from the open-source software community is providing cutting edge and effective software. Despite all the right ingredients, competitive robotics continues to be unregulated and non-standardized. Additionally, in absence of regulations and standards, the organizers, suppliers, educators, and participants are left to their own means and resources that necessarily may not align with systematic learning. The cost of approved competitive kits as well as field kits becomes inhibitive for students from poorer communities. This paper surveys a wide range of competitive robotics avenues available to school-age students. A survey with various stake holders including participants, mentors, referees, and organizers is done and findings are included. A path for standardizing competitive robotics within the framework of the World Robotics League is found to be an effective tool to train the students. A description of the World Robotics League framework and initial findings are reported.

On the Impact of Gravity Compensation on Reinforcement Learning in Goal-Reaching Tasks for Robotic Manipulators

Advances in machine learning technologies in recent years have facilitated developments in autonomous robotic systems. Designing these autonomous systems typically requires manually specified models of the robotic system and world when using classical control-based strategies, or time consuming and computationally expensive data-driven training when using learning-based strategies. Combination of classical control and learning-based strategies may mitigate both requirements. However, the performance of the combined control system is not obvious given that there are two separate controllers. This paper focuses on one such combination, which uses gravity-compensation together with reinforcement learning (RL). We present a study of the effects of gravity compensation on the performance of two reinforcement learning algorithms when solving reaching tasks using a simulated seven-degree-of-freedom robotic arm. The results of our study demonstrate that gravity compensation coupled with RL can reduce the training required in reaching tasks involving elevated target locations, but not all target locations.

FIRA 2020 Social Distancing Edition: Tele-Operating Humanoid Robots via the Internet Is Hard, But Let's Do It [Competitions

Reports on discussions to hold the 2020 FIRA 2020 Robot World Cup virtually.

Autonomous planning based on spatial concepts to tidy up home environments with service robots

ABSTRACT Tidy-up tasks by service robots in home environments are challenging in robotics applications because they involve various interactions with the environment. In particular, robots are required not only to grasp, move, and release various home objects but also to plan the order and positions for placing the objects. In this paper, we propose a novel planning method that can efficiently estimate the order and positions of the objects to be tidied up by learning the parameters of a probabilistic generative model. The model allows a robot to learn the distributions of the co-occurrence probability of the objects and places to tidy up using the multimodal sensor information collected in a tidied environment. Additionally, we develop an autonomous robotic system to perform the tidy-up operation. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method by an experimental simulation that reproduces the conditions of the Tidy Up Here task of the World Robot Summit 2018 international robotics competition. The simulation results show that the proposed method enables the robot to successively tidy up several objects and achieves the best task score among the considered baseline tidy-up methods.

Intrinsically Motivated Exploration of Learned Goal Spaces.

Finding algorithms that allow agents to discover a wide variety of skills efficiently and autonomously, remains a challenge of Artificial Intelligence. Intrinsically Motivated Goal Exploration Processes (IMGEPs) have been shown to enable real world robots to learn repertoires of policies producing a wide range of diverse effects. They work by enabling agents to autonomously sample goals that they then try to achieve. In practice, this strategy leads to an efficient exploration of complex environments with high-dimensional continuous actions. Until recently, it was necessary to provide the agents with an engineered goal space containing relevant features of the environment. In this article we show that the goal space can be learned using deep representation learning algorithms, effectively reducing the burden of designing goal spaces. Our results pave the way to autonomous learning agents that are able to autonomously build a representation of the world and use this representation to explore the world efficiently. We present experiments in two environments using population-based IMGEPs. The first experiments are performed on a simple, yet challenging, simulated environment. Then, another set of experiments tests the applicability of those principles on a real-world robotic setup, where a 6-joint robotic arm learns to manipulate a ball inside an arena, by choosing goals in a space learned from its past experience.

Wheeled Robot Design with Brain Wave Headset Control System

The development of the world of robotics is inevitable with the rapid development of supporting science and technology. There are various types and classifications of robots, although the basic development is not much different. One type of robot that is in demand and the most widely developed is the wheeled robot. The robot component itself is generally divided into 3 parts, the first sensor, the second processor or component processor and actuator, in this study which behaves as an actuator is a wheel, while that behaves as a sensor, researchers utilize brainwave reader headsets from neurosky, and those that served as a processor component or processor using Arduino Uno R3. The neurosky headset works wirelessly using a Bluetooth connection, and the data sent is in the form of a brain wave power level (blink streght level). Before it can be translated into a telepathic brain command, this signal is first captured and processed using an android handset using an application that is built based on blynk IoT, then after that the command is sent to Arduino as a robot processing component that has previously been fitted with HC-06 bluetooth module hardware. to capture wireless broadcasts from an android device, only after that the signal is processed by Arduino becomes a command to move forward, backward, left, right wheeled robot by the L298N motor driver. The test results in an ideal environment showed an average system success of 85%, while testing in a non-ideal environment (with obstacles of space and distance) showed an average system success of 40% with each test carried out 10 times.