Road Transport System Research Articles

Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions under varying road condition considering effects of vehicles on other lanes

In order to investigate the collaborative physical effect between the micro vehicle system and the macro road transportation system, we propose a car-following model to describe the impacts of adjacent lanes on the driving behavior in the current lane under varying road condition at the macro level, and extend the model to explore the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions corresponding to the micro level. Numerical results at macro level indicate that during the starting and the braking processes, the interruption of vehicles on adjacent lanes can cause velocity fluctuation on the current lane; under small perturbation situations this influence becomes smaller (greater) when the road condition turns better (worse). The micro results involving fuel consumption and emissions show that, during the starting process the interruption from adjacent lanes can reduce the total fuel consumption and the total emissions on the current lane, but under small perturbation situations the trend is opposite; during the braking process, furthermore, the interruption has more complex influences on the total fuel consumption and exhaust emissions on the current lane.

What Is the Shape of Geographical Time-Space? A Three-Dimensional Model Made of Curves and Cones

Geographical time-spaces exhibit a series of properties, including space inversion, that turns any representation effort into a complex task. In order to improve the legibility of the representation and leveraging the advances of three-dimensional computer graphics, the aim of the study is to propose a new method extending time-space relief cartography introduced by Mathis and L’Hostis. The novelty of the model resides in the use of cones to describing the terrestrial surface instead of graph faces, and in the use of curves instead of broken segments for edges. We implement the model on the Chinese space. The Chinese geographical time-space of reference year 2006 is produced by the combination and the confrontation of the fast air transport system and of the 7.5-times slower road transport system. Slower, short range flights are represented as curved lines above the earth surface with longer length than the geodesic, in order to account for a slower speed. The very steep slope of cones expresses the relative difficulty of crossing terrestrial time-space, as well as the comparably extreme efficiency of long-range flights for moving between cities. Finally, the whole image proposes a coherent representation of the geographical time-space where fast city-to-city transport is combined with slow terrestrial systems that allow one to reach any location.

A Modified Mixed Car-following Model Considering that the Connected and Intelligent Vehicle and Non-connected Vehicle

With the development of networking and intelligence, a mixture of multi-type vehicles will become normal in the road transportation system, which lead to more complex for vehicle motion in microscopic traffic system. Therefore, non-connected vehicle car-following model is established considering the subjective perception errors of preceding vehicles based on the desired safety margin model. Moreover, the effective range of vehicle-to-vehicle communication is considered, and the connected and intelligent vehicle car-following model considering the multi-vehicles information perception effect is constructed. We investigated the influence of penetration rate of the connected and intelligent vehicle on the stability of mixed traffic. Numerical simulations results show that the connected and intelligent vehicle can improve the mixed traffic flow stability to a certain extent. And setting reasonable feedback gain coefficients for connected and intelligent vehicle car-following model can stabilize mixed traffic flow.

Macroscopic Traffic Simulation of Autonomous Vehicle Effects

The increasing worldwide demand on urban road transportation systems requires more restrictive measures and policies to reduce congestion, time delay and pollution. Autonomous vehicle mobility services, both shared and private, are possibly a good step towards a better road transportation future. This article aims to study the expected impact of private autonomous vehicles on road traffic parameters from a macroscopic level. The proposed methodology focuses on finding the different effects of different combinations of autonomous vehicle penetration and Passenger Car Units (PCU) on the chosen road traffic model. Four parameters are studied: traveled daily kilometers, daily hours, total daily delay and average network speed. The analysis improves the four parameters differently by implementing autonomous vehicles. The parameter total delay has the most significant reduction. Finally, several mathematical models are developed for the percentage of improvement for each chosen parameter.

Measuring Traffic Safety Culture toward Achieving Road Safety Performance: A DEA Approach with Undesirable Inputs-Outputs

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new purely data-driven method for measuring impact of road safety culture based only on the aggregated data on traffic safety indicators rather than on questionnaire surveys. The paper proposes the use of data envelopment analysis (DEA) with undesirable inputs-outputs for quantitative assessment of the impact on road fatalities of road safety culture. This method determines a number of road safety factors and then distinguishes between the effects of specified factors and the cultural factors. The applicability and usefulness of the proposed DEA are illustrated in a real-world application for assessment of the impact of road safety culture on Iran provincial road fatalities in the time period of two years. Results of DEA enable differentiating between provinces according to the impact of cultural aspects on fatality rate. Moreover, results show that road safety culture on average has improved in the time period of two years. The results of this study may be considered as a basis for traffic safety culture (TSC) interventions at provincial level. This paper provides a new opportunity to look at road safety culture across provincial road transportation systems in Iran and represents a critical step toward understanding relationship between safety culture and safety performance.

Vehicular Communications Utility in Road Safety Applications: A Step toward Self-Aware Intelligent Traffic Systems

The potential of wireless technologies is significant in the area of the safety and efficiency of road transport and communications systems. The challenges and requirements imposed by end users and competent institutions demonstrate the need for viable solutions. A common protocol by which there could be vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-road communications is ideal for avoiding collisions and road accidents, all in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). Ways of transmitting warning messages simultaneously by vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications by various multi-hop routings are set out. Approaches to how to improve communication reliability by achieving low latency are addressed through the multi-channel (MC) technique based on two non-overlaps for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-road (V2R) or road-to-vehicle (R2V) communications. The contributions of this paper offer an opportunity to use common communication adaptable protocols, depending on the context of the situation, coding techniques, scenarios, analysis of transfer rates, and reception of messages according to the type of protocol used. Communications between the road infrastructure and users through a relative communication protocol are highlighted and simulated in this manuscript. The results obtained by the proposed and simulated scenarios demonstrate that it is complementary and that the common node of V2V/V2R (R2V) communication protocols substantially improves the process of transmitting messages in low-latency conditions and is ideal for the development of road safety systems.

Mathematical model for determining the optimal location of the biomethane plant

The work is devoted to the actual problem of using an alternative energy source - biomethane in gas supply systems. When developing and designing gas supply systems using biomethane, an important task is to determine the optimal location for biomethane plants. For the research, the methods of graphs and parametric optimization were used from the condition of minimizing the total transport costs. A mathematical model has been developed to determine the coordinates of the location of the biomethane plant depending on the production capacity and location of agricultural enterprises. Using the developed model, the location of a bio-methane plant with a total volume of digesters of 5000 m3, located in the Veidelevsky district of the Belgorod region, was determined. This unit can process 315.9 t / day of organic waste and produce 504.64 m3 / h of biomethane with a methane content of more than 98%. As a result of the calculations, the coordinates of the location of the biomethane plant were determined (X = 11.82; Y = 22.35), and the location of the biomethane plant was adjusted, taking into account the relief conditions of the terrain and the presence of a road transport system.

Integrating computer vision and traffic modeling for near-real-time signal timing optimization of multiple intersections

Adaptive signal timing optimizations can improve the efficiency of road networks and reduce the emissions of pollutants, but most of the current studies still rely on simplified analytical methods to depict complex road transport systems and focus on optimizing traffic signals at an isolated intersection. A framework that integrates computer vision and traffic modeling is proposed to link the real-world transport systems and operable virtual traffic models for the signal timing optimization at multiple intersections. The integrative framework consists of six main steps, including configuring real-time video sources, conducting transfer-learning to develop the vehicle detector, comparing and selecting vehicle trackers, collecting traffic parameters by referring to the CV-TM ontology, establishing and running the traffic model, and operating simulation-based optimizations. The proposed integrative framework is demonstrated through a case study of the signal timing optimization at multi-intersections in a real-world road network. Three critical information items including the traffic volumes, vehicle compositions, and vehicles’ turning ratios are derived from real-time surveillance videos, and the extracted information is then automatically incorporated into TM to optimize the signal timings of interconnected intersections in a near-real-time manner. In comparison with the original signal scheme, the optimized one can reduce 14.2 % of average vehicle delays, 18.9 % of vehicle stops, 9.1 % of average travel time, and 2.3 % of pollutant emissions in this specific case. The results indicate that synchronously optimizing signal timings at multiple intersections increase not only the transportation efficiency but also the environmental friendliness of road transport systems. The proposed CV-TM integration framework is demonstrated to be a promising way for conducting near-real-time signal timing optimizations in intricate traffic scenes instead of at isolated intersections, helping decision-makers to promptly respond to the time-varying traffic conditions during various real-world events, and facilitating the transportation systems and cities to achieve sustainable development goals.

Road Traffic Injuries and Related Safety Measures: A Multicentre Analysis at Military Hospitals in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Background Road traffic injuries are one of the major public safety issues around the world, as they put a great burden on countries' economies. Saudi Arabia has a good road transportation system, but still, road-related fatalities are higher in this country. The main purpose of this study was to determine the association between the severity of injuries caused by road traffic collision and safety measures taken by the drivers admitted to the emergency departments at two military hospitals in Tabuk, a city in Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 342 male drivers who had injuries due to road traffic collision took part in this multicentre, cross-sectional study. The research sites were King Salman Armed Forces Hospital and King Khalid Armed Forces Hospital in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a common protocol and a self-reported questionnaire with the help of convenience sampling approach. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 23. Results Nearly 62.0% of the male drivers were aged less than 36 years. About 90% of the drivers were from low- and middle-income groups. Logistic regression analysis indicated that drivers who had road traffic collision and used mobile phones while driving were four times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 3.89; 95% CI (2.53, 5.95)), those who drove the vehicle at an excessive speed limit were three times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 2.71; 95% CI (1.01, 4.97)), and those who attempted to overtake another vehicle were two times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 1.85; 95% CI (1.24, 3.77)). Conclusion Based on the results of the present study, the most important safety measures which contributed the most to road traffic collision were use of mobile phones while driving the vehicle, driving at an excessive speed limit, irregularity in maintaining the vehicle, attempt to pass other vehicles, and not following the traffic rules. All the safety measures are protective, but if care is not taken, they will risk the life. There is an urgent need to spread traffic safety awareness in this region.

PROTOCOL: Evidence and gap map: studies of the effectiveness of transport sector interventions in low- and middle-income countries.

PROTOCOL: Evidence and gap map: studies of the effectiveness of transport sector interventions in low- and middle-income countries.

Traffic Controller for Vip/Ambulance Vehicle & Location Tracking

In India the rate of inhabitants is increased day By day but as compare to other countries India is having a poor Road transportation system. So due to these the Emergency Vehicles like mobile hospital, Fire service vehicle, VIP Vehicle, and police vehicle. Vehicle always faced so many problems to reach the destination. If an Ambulance stuck in a traffic then the patient inside it can Lose his/her life. Indians now a days gets aware about organs contributions, the rate of organ donation is also increased. But the main problem in organ transport is that it remains healthy only for very short time. So transporting them is a time dependent task. If the Emergency Vehicles do not reach at its destination point in time it causes human health and wealth. So by using a process that clearing the traffic signal before an Emergency Vehicle Reaches to the signal using IOT will resolve the problem.

A Collaborative 1-to-n On-Demand Ride Sharing Scheme Using Locations of Interest for Recommending Shortest Routes and Pick-up Points

Ride-sharing offers a cheaper means of transportation to riders whose routes are similar to the driver’s route within an acceptable time. It is a new paradigm in the urban road transportation system to reduce traffic and enhances the economy of car owners. Unlike 1-to-n ride-sharing that allows n-rider to share rides with a driver, 1-to-1 ride-sharing does not maximize the advantages of ride-sharing. However, the major challenge of 1-to-n ride-sharing is how to match a minimum number of riders with a driver without compromising their privacy, and solves how to synchronize car owners’ destinations with their riders’ destinations without incurring a delay. Meanwhile, most of the existing ride-sharing schemes are developed for 1-to-1 ride-sharing services, where a rider shares a ride with a driver. In this paper, an effective collaborative ride-sharing scheme is proposed for 1-to-n ride sharing. Our scheme is capable of recommending optimal routes and pick-up points for riders and drivers using their previously visited location’s record. It is also capable of providing a single but centralized ride-sharing public management system for every car owner. Thus, eliminates the inefficient disjointed private carpooling form of 1-to-1 ride sharing. It consists of a trust model that is used for computing trust value for riders and drivers, and a similarity model to compute the similarity between locations and riders or drivers. More so, it allows more than a driver to provide collaborative ride-sharing for a rider in case the rider’s destination is farther than the driver’s destination. The scheme is analyzed, the experimental and analysis results show that our scheme is not only secure but also with low computational latency.

Fundamentality of methods for optimizing the protection of the road transport system in mountainous conditions, as a dynamic system

The life cycle of a road in mountainous conditions, as a complex dynamic system, is fundamentally different from the plain. The comparison issues in terms of work technology and road safety are completely incompatible.In the same system, the methods for optimizing safety problems are incompatible, as the road transport system on the plain is almost in a static position, and it turns into a complex dynamic systemin mountainous conditions, from the impact on it of slope phenomena such as mudslides, landslides talus and avalanche-glacial (ice) are referred to in the literature this time as surface or exogenous processes. The qualitative indicators of these mutually influencing factors are under investigation.Faced with a multitude of terminological varieties, in order of discussion, it would be correct to call them “Slope phenomena”.Depending on the location of the centers of development of slope phenomena and their impact on the road to the axis of the road, they transform the road transport system into a complex dynamic system from a static state. Slope phenomena on mountain roads are a big problem and the optimal safety solution from each type of impact on the road is of current importance, as generally theoptional safety is ensured in a complex dynamic system in mountain conditions.

АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РЕГИОНА

An important role in ensuring economic security is played by the development of the regional road transport system both in terms of the completeness of the geographical coverage of the territory of the region and the country by roads, as well as in terms of the technical and technological level of development of certain types of transportation, the harmony of their interaction, compliance with the development of the productive forces of the state. It is necessary to integrate into the world economic space, increase the degree of openness of the country's economic system, consider not only the principled position of the national transport system and its role in integration processes, but also aspects of ensuring its economic security. The article analyzes the state of economic security of the road transport system of the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan, determines its position in a market economy, identifies the main factors affecting the degree of loading of the road transport infrastructure with transit cargo flows. The dynamics of changes in the specific weight of performing transport work by various types of transport is given. It is noted that the contradictions of economic interests not only create prerequisites for the emergence of threats to the vital economic interests of road transport business entities at the regional level, but also the peculiarities of the formation of a management system in this area. Accordingly, a system of subjects and objects of management should be created, a set of methods of managerial influence should be determined. The level of economic security of the region's road transport system depends on internal and external factors, the impact of which is determined through analysis and identification, a kind of monitoring of the state.

Assessment and analysis of road transport driver’s behavior in terms of eco-driving

Eco driving courses are one of the methods to gain cost savings in transport companies. Road transport drivers equipped with appropriate knowledge of Eco- driving and defensive driving can reduce the costs of fuel consumption even by one third as compared to those involved in their previous driving style. This is the knowledge of a vehicle operation and ability to use driving techniques that leads to fuel consumption reduction. Based on the conducted tests, an analysis of behavior change of drivers who use Eco- driving in road transport systems has been performed. A comparison of the number of drivers’ reactions to road situations allows to determine percentage change in their behavior which leads to fuel-efficient and ecological driving.

Алгоритмы маршрутизации в дорожно-транспортной системе

The article analyzes standard algorithms and the software based on them intended for determining the optimal routes of cargo movement in road transport systems. It is revealed that the current issue of routing is the solution of the optimization problem according to several efficiency criteria, one of which is the reduction of computational procedures. An original solution to this problem is proposed.

Model for determining optimal routes in complex transport systems

The paper analyzes standard algorithms and software based on them to determine the optimal routes for cargo transfer in road transport systems. It was found that one of the urgent issues related to routing is to find a solution to the optimization problem by several efficiency criteria, including the reduction of computational procedures. As a result of the study, we propose an original solution to this problem.

Brazilian Road Freight Transportation Sector: The Challenge of Sustainability

The road cargo transportation system has significant representativeness in the Brazilian economic scenario. Companies depend on transportation to receive inputs from their suppliers and take their products to consumers. This modal is also the major consumer of fuel oil products in the transportation sector. Thus, it is necessary to act with a focus on sustainability, considering the economic, social and environmental aspects. From this perspective, this study aims to present aspects of the concept of sustainability in the Brazilian road freight transportation sector, with emphasis on the environmental, social and economic dimensions. A qualitative research approach was used with the literature research technique in order to build the theoretical basis for discussion on the dimensions of sustainability in Brazilian road freight transportation. The results show that the road cargo transportation sector is relevant for the country and seeks to fulfill its social role and be economically viable; requires attention to environmental awareness and eco-efficiency; should make efforts to use alternatives to avoid damage to the environment, applying technologies to reduce noise pollution, GHG emissions; and seek to comply with environmental legislation acting in a sustainable manner.

Comparative analysis of the entropic organization of road transport systems in the representative regions of the Arctic zone of Russia

The mineral resources of the Arctic region are difficult to access. The list of dangers, challenges, and threats that form risks for the development of the Russian Arctic Zone occupies 18 points in Section II of the Strategy for Developing the Russian Arctic Zone and Ensuring National Security until 2035. Among them, poor transport infrastructure development and the high cost of its construction represent the most fundamentally important problem. This is a challenge that has to be met, despite all the difficulties and huge costs. This paper presents a comparative assessment of the processes of improving road infrastructure in two representative regions of the Russian Arctic Zone — Murmansk Region and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area — developing over time (2012–2019). The improvement of regional road infrastructure is assessed in terms of system organization using such an indicator as relative system entropy Hn. We also analyzed the dynamics of changes in the organization of regional traffic safety (TS) systems over time (2012–2019) and evaluated the impact of the organization in road construction on the TS system organization in the compared regions.

Possibilities of using lianas for greening automobile roads

The environmental problems of the road transport system in Tashkent are analyzed in the article. Particulate air pollution is one of the most serious problems. To reduce dust pollution in the air, it is proposed to create protective screens along highways from lianas. It was proposed to form screens from fragrant honeysuckle (Lonícera caprifólium) and ivy (Hedera helix), which are evergreen in the conditions of Tashkent. The study of the dust-absorbing capacity of the leaves of these plants showed that ivy leaves are the most dust-absorbing, capable of holding up to 1.64 mg of dust per 1 cm2 of the surface.