Road Planning Research Articles

Integrating restorative perception into urban street planning: A framework using street view images, deep learning, and space syntax

Existing urban street planning often neglects human perception despite being designed for human utility. Therefore, exploring the relationship between urban street planning and human perception, especially restorative perception, is crucial for sustainable urban planning. In this study, we analyzed restorative perception of urban streets among different population groups and accessibility of urban streets using Baidu Street View Images, deep learning, and space syntax. Furthermore, we clarified the impacts of various street elements on restorative perception using correlation and ridge regression analyses. Based on restorative perception and accessibility coupling assessment, streets were classified into four types, identifying “inefficient segments” and “prioritized segments”. The results showed that: 1) the level of restorative perception of streets in Nanjing was relatively limited and exhibited variation across different population groups; 2) the impacts of different street elements on restorative perception varied, with trees having the highest positive impact (β = 0.378), while walls had the greatest negative impact (β = − 0.182); and 3) “prioritized segments” and “inefficient segments” represented 33.92 % and 17.96 %, respectively, indicating the urgent demand for streets planning and renewal. These findings can offer targeted recommendations for enhancing restorative environment of urban streets and identifying priority areas for urban street planning.

An Analysis of the Perspective Road Design Scheme Around Zhangzhou Olympic Sports Center

City events take place in the Zhangzhou Olympic Sports Center, resulting in traffic. Hence, this study analyzed the road planning and design around Zhangzhou Olympic Sports Center through traffic demand forecasting. The simulated data and road plan underwent macro prediction model technology and numerical simulation technology through Emme and TransCAD. The regional road network structure, traffic demand forecast, plane, longitudinal section, and cross-sectional program selection were investigated to determine a reasonable design program. While urban development programs were implemented, the study ensured an increase in the city's economic growth alongside the guaranteed value of citizens’ welfare.

Research on the application of cellular automata and improved BP neural network in road design of logistics park

With large-scale construction of the Logistics Parks, it has become an urgent problem to quantitatively analyze, evaluate and optimize the logistics park designing, which needs to be solved scientifically. At present, more of the domestic logistics park planning of a part of the qualitative analysis, the lack of quantitative and overall study, resulting in internal structure disjointed. Based on cellular automata theory, this paper presents a hybrid traffic flow model which is more suitable for the traffic characteristics of the logistics park, and analyzes the complexity of the collection and evacuation system in the logistics park, combined with BP neural network and its improved algorithm, the method of road design in Logistics Park is studied and the feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm are verified by an example. The train of thought is expected to provide for the planning and construction of the internal road in the logistics park.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ МАЛЫХ И СРЕДНИХ ГОРОДОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СИСТЕМ

With the growth of motorization and the increase in the urban population, the problem of mobility is becoming more and more serious. Transport-related difficulties, such as traffic jams and long travel times, not only affect people's lives, but also have serious economic consequences. Through a comprehensive baseline survey of the current traffic patterns in small and medium towns, we are gaining a more complete and accurate understanding of the spatial and temporal changes and existing traffic problems associated with traffic in small and medium towns. Based on traditional traffic planning methods, combined with an intelligent traffic management system, the intelligent improvement of traffic in small and medium cities in the PRC is proposed, and a road planning improvement plan is proposed to solve the traffic problems existing in small and medium cities and improve efficiency. as a way to solve transport problems.

Research on the Evaluation Indicator System for Sustainable Development of Urban Roads Based on the Triple Bottom Line Theory

This study aims to explore the crucial significance of sustainable development in urban roadways, highlighting its key role in promoting economic growth, social equity, and environmental conservation. Drawing on the Triple Bottom Line theory, which encompasses economic, social, and environmental dimensions, the research analyses the impact of urban road planning, design, and management within these areas. A comprehensive set of sustainability assessment indicators for urban roads is developed using analytic hierarchy process, establishing evaluation criteria across the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This study proposes a sustainable development model for urban roads and verifies the effectiveness of the Triple Bottom Line theory in the field of sustainable urban road development.

A High-Quality Hybrid Mapping Model Based on Averaging Dense Sampling Parameters

Navigation map generation based on remote sensing images is crucial in fields such as autonomous driving and geographic surveying. Style transfer is an effective method for obtaining a navigation map of the current environment. However, there is lack of robustness of the map-style transfer model, resulting in unsatisfactory quality of the generated navigation maps. To address these challenges, we average the parameters of generators sampled from different iterations with a dense sampling strategy in the Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN). The results demonstrate that the training efficiency of our method on the MNIST and generation quality on the Google Map dataset are significantly superior to traditional style transfer methods. Moreover, it performs well in multi-environment hybrid mapping. Our method improves the generalization ability of the model and converts existing navigation maps to other styles of maps precisely. It can better adapt to different types of urban layout and road planning, bringing innovative solutions for traffic management and navigation systems.

Driverless Planning and Decision-Making based on GRU

In the wake of the swift advancement of artificial intelligence, driverless technology has progressively emerged as a revolutionary technology. The existing driverless technology primarily relies on advanced sensors, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, with a view to perceiving and analyzing the surrounding environment in real time, and making driving decisions accordingly. At the present time, despite the fact that driverless technology has introduced a lot of convenience to human travel, it still encompasses a significant number of challenges, such as safety, perception technology, vehicle control, road planning, cost and other issues. In a similar vein, the safety issue is an unavoidable part of the discussion on the driverless. Driverless vehicles require robust system safety and protection mechanisms. This paper is designed to establish a data model by analyzing the NGSIM dataset, and to probe the driverless perception capability and decision-making on intelligence in behavior-aware motion perspective with GRU approach. Eventually, it was concluded that neither too many nor too few neighboring vehicles should be taken into account when forecasting the trajectory of each vehicle in the coming years, while the appropriate neighboring vehicles should be selected to achieve the best prediction results.

Estimating Soil Strength Using GIS-Based Maps - A case study in Sweden

Soil strength is an important parameter for planning of forest roads and harvesting operations. Locating roads to areas with high soil strength reduce both build and maintenance costs. Locating logging trails to high strength areas minimise soil disturbances, e.g., rutting and compaction of forest soils. GIS-based maps of soil type and soil moisture can be valuable tools to estimate soil strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of soil moisture map, i.e., depth-to-water (DTW), maps and soil type maps, to estimate soil strength expressed as California bearing ratio (CBR). CBR, volumetric water content, and ground penetration depth were measured in 120 sample points, separated on three soil classes (clay-silt sediments, sand sediments, glacial till) and two soil moisture classes (wet, dry). In each point, soil samples were collected for validation of the soil type maps. There was a high conformance between soil moisture predicted by DTW maps and field measurements, but conformance of the soil type between maps and field estimates varied between soil types. For sediment soils, dry soils were consistently stronger than wet soils. Soil strength of glacial till soils was more complicated with a binary CBR distribution depending on soil stoniness. Glacial till soils possible to penetrate to 20 cm depth with the dynamic cone penetrometer had CBR values close to those for sand sediments. There is a potential to estimate soil strength from DTW and soil type maps, but these variables should preferably be complemented with other data.

Potential of Geospatial technologies in Mechanized Timber harvesting planning

Mechanized timber harvesting involves various activities including; road planning and selection of harvesting systems and machineries. The emergence of geospatial technology (GSPT) i.e., geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing in the recent decades, has been considered as the best tools to facilitate timber harvesting planning in plantation forests. GSPT provide accurate stand information enabling better decision-making and optimizing forest operations. This study was conducted at Sao hill Forest Plantation (SHFP) in Tanzania, with the objective of determining relative efficiency (RE) between geospatial approach (GSPA) and conventional approach (CA) on planning mechanized timber harvesting. 120 grapple skidder (GS) time study observations in 30 sample plots covering different elevation terrain ranges were studied in both approaches. Productivity and costs under the two approaches were estimated and modelled using generalized linear model (GLM) approach. To obtain large scale estimates of productivity and costs, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation approach was used. The results showed that, GSPA demonstrated higher productivity and lower unit skidding costs (i.e., 71.1m3/hr and 2.121USD/m3) compared to CA (i.e., 67.5m3/hr and 2.914USD/m3) respectively. Skidding distance and slope (p-value < 0.05) were significant predictors of the GS performance in both approaches. The pseudo R2 ranging from 58.1% to 64.3% under CA, and from 62.9% to 60.8% under GSPA. Likewise, relative root mean square error (RMSEr) for the models under CA ranged from 49.3% to 50.4% and 33.4% to 35.2% under GSPA. Generally, the results showed that, models under GSPA have better fits and accuracy, compared to CA. Furthermore, the GSPA provided a raster representation of productivity and costs over the entire study area. Moreover, computed RE values (i.e., 1.18 and 6.17) indicated that parameter estimates for the GS productivity and costs were more precise in geospatial models (GSPM) compared to conventional models (CM). These findings highlight the potential of GSPT for an efficient large scale timber harvesting planning, by considering terrain constraints.

Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Speed at Signalized and Non-Signalized Crosswalk: A Case Study of Central Station to Str. Tzar Osvobotiel Road of Ruse City

Pedestrian safety is a paramount concern on our roadways, as pedestrians are inherently vulnerable when navigating traffic. In Bulgaria, this research underscores the necessity of prioritizing pedestrian safety in roadway design and traffic control measures. The study's core objective was to analyze pedestrian crossing behaviour and identify optimal locations for pedestrian crossings to enhance overall road safety. A notable finding of the study was the significant influence of crosswalk type on pedestrian crossing speeds. Pedestrians were observed to cross streets more rapidly at signalized crosswalks, highlighting the efficacy of traffic control devices in regulating pedestrian movements. Moreover, the study delved into the influence of age and gender on pedestrian crossing speeds. It revealed that children and adult pedestrians were the fastest groups in terms of crossing speeds, while elderly pedestrians exhibited notably slower speeds. Notably, at non-signalized crosswalks, adult females were the slowest demographic, both in comparison to adult males and in comparison, to both male and female children. In a broader context, the study unveiled that male pedestrians, on the whole, demonstrated significantly faster crossing speeds than their female counterparts. These findings provide valuable insights for road planners and policymakers in Bulgaria, aiming to create safer and more efficient road systems that cater to the unique needs of pedestrians while considering the various factors that influence their crossing behaviours.

Investigation of subgrade conditions on the Airbara – Toboali road section to improve road quality

The Airbara - Toboali Road Section is a national road located in South Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Some segments of this road often experience road damage, although road repairs have been carried out several times to overcome the damage. The subgrade layer is the most important layer in the pavement structure because it functions to withstand all the loads above it. CBR (California Bearing Ratio) is penetration test used to evaluate the subgrade strength of roads and pavement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the subgrade conditions on the Air Bara – Toboali road section in order to improve road quality. This study uses hand boring testing with 4 sampling points and field CBR testing with the DCP tool. Field CBR samples were taken as many as 30 points every 50 meters from STA 0+000 – STA 1+450. The average CBR value obtained shows that the CBR of this subgrade is in the good category (10.77%). Subgrade conditions per layer, namely at a depth of 0-2 meters the roads have almost the same soil characteristics. However, the soil depth of more than 2 meters in several locations on the road segment has a different character. The results of this investigation are expected to assist road planning so that road quality can improve.

Implementasi Light Emitting Diode Sebagai Penerangan Jalan Umum Yang Hemat Daya

Public street lighting, also known as street lighting, refers to the outdoor lighting systems used to illuminate public roads. An effective street lighting system plays a crucial role in enhancing safety and security for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists by providing improved visibility of the road and surrounding terrain during nighttime hours. The primary focus in street lighting planning is on economic factors. An analysis of light sources has highlighted the economic advantages of utilizing light emitting diodes for public street lighting. This choice proves to be more efficient when implemented in a sustainable manner. The installation of public street lighting can be the optimal solution to address the issue of inadequate lighting in the village of Pedurenan Gunung Sindur Bogor, ensuring enhanced comfort and security during nighttime activities. The lighting installation process commences with a thorough examination of the site, followed by diligently arranging and design of the electrical installations for the lighting system. Finally, the planned design was carried out and implemented. The implementation of public street lighting is a collaborative effort between college students and youth residents in the village. The outcome of this community service initiative is the implementation of public street lighting installations that offer optimal illumination, ensuring the convenience and safety for all people accessing the roads.

Measuring the Multiple Functions and Tradeoffs among Streets: A New Framework Using the Deep Learning Method

With the sustainable and coordinated development of cities, the formulation of urban street policies requires multiangle analysis. In regard to the existing street research, a large number of studies have focused on specific landscapes or accessibility of streets, and there is a lack of research on the multiple functions of streets. Recent advances in sensor technology and digitization have produced a wealth of data and methods. Thus, we may comprehensively understand streets in a less labor-intensive way, not just single street functions. This paper defines an index system of the multiple functions of urban streets and proposes a framework for multifunctional street measurement. Via the application of deep learning to Baidu Street View (BSV) imagery, we generate three functions, namely, landscape, traffic, and economic functions. The results indicate that street facilities and features are suitably identified. According to the multifunctional perspective, this paper further classifies urban streets into multifunctional categories and provides targeted policy recommendations for urban street planning. There exist correlations among the various street functions, and the correlation between the street landscape and economic functions is highly significant. This framework can be widely applied in other countries and cities to better understand street differences in various cities.

PAVEMENT PLANNING OF ACCESS ROAD FOR DPPU PERTAMINA VEHICLES FROM THE POST TO THE APRON AT H. HASAN AROEBOESMAN ENDE AIRPORT

H. Hasan Aroeboesman Ende Airport is in Tetandara village, South Ende sub-district, Ende Regency, East Nusa Tengara Province. One of the facilities at H. Hasan Aroeboesman Ende Airport is Pertamina's DPPU. Currently, the access road for DPPU vehicles is not suitable for use and does not have pavement. This access road is 90m long and 4m wide, until now Pertamina's DPPU vehicles going to the apron still pass through the runway. The method used in the Pertamina DPPU Vehicle Access Road Planning is the component analysis method to determine the thickness of the layer to be used. While the determination of the budget plan uses the reference Unit Price Analysis of East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2023. Based on the calculation results of the component analysis method, the thickness of the road surface planned for Pertamina DPPU vehicles is 40 cm, the thickness of the surface layer is 5 cm, the top layer is 15 cm, and the bottom layer is 20cm. Based on the regulations contained in SKEP 347 of 1999, the calculation of the thickness of the pavement is selected in accordance with the regulations. then for the total Budget Cost required for the planning work of the Pertamina DPPU vehicle access road is Rp 190,000,000 (spelled out: one hundred ninety million rupiah).

The development of roadside green swales in the Chinese Sponge City Program: Challenges and opportunities

Roadside green swales have emerged as popular stormwater management infrastructure in urban areas, serving to mitigate stormwater pollution and reduce urban surface water discharge. However, there is a limited understanding of the various types, structures, and functions of swales, as well as the potential challenges they may face in the future. In recent years, China has witnessed a surge in the adoption of roadside green swales, especially as part of the prestigious Sponge City Program (SCP). These green swales play a crucial role in controlling stormwater pollution and conserving urban water resources by effectively removing runoff pollutants, including suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus. This review critically examines recent research findings, identifies key knowledge gaps, and presents future recommendations for designing green swales for effective stormwater management, with a particular emphasis on ongoing major Chinese infrastructure projects. Despite the growing global interest in bioswales and their significance in urban development, China’s current classification of such features lacks a clear definition or specific consideration of bioswales. Furthermore, policymakers have often underestimated the adverse environmental effects of road networks, as reflected in existing laws and planning documents. This review argues that the construction and maintenance of roadside green swales should be primarily based on three critical factors: Wellthought- out road planning, suitable construction conditions, and sustainable long-term funding. The integration of quantitative environmental standards into road planning is essential to effectively address the challenge of pollution from rainfall runoff. To combat pollution associated with roads, a comprehensive assessment of potential pollution loadings should be carried out, guiding the appropriate design and construction of green swales, with a particular focus on addressing the phenomenon of first flush. One of the major challenges faced in sustaining funds for ongoing maintenance after swale construction. To address this issue, the implementation of a green finance platform is proposed. Such a platform would help ensure the availability of funds for continuous maintenance, thus maximizing the long-term effectiveness of green swales in stormwater management. Ultimately, the findings of this review aim to assist municipal governments in enhancing and implementing future urban road designs and SCP developments, incorporating effective green swale strategies.

Remote sensing traffic scene retrieval based on learning control algorithm for robot multimodal sensing information fusion and human-machine interaction and collaboration.

In light of advancing socio-economic development and urban infrastructure, urban traffic congestion and accidents have become pressing issues. High-resolution remote sensing images are crucial for supporting urban geographic information systems (GIS), road planning, and vehicle navigation. Additionally, the emergence of robotics presents new possibilities for traffic management and road safety. This study introduces an innovative approach that combines attention mechanisms and robotic multimodal information fusion for retrieving traffic scenes from remote sensing images. Attention mechanisms focus on specific road and traffic features, reducing computation and enhancing detail capture. Graph neural algorithms improve scene retrieval accuracy. To achieve efficient traffic scene retrieval, a robot equipped with advanced sensing technology autonomously navigates urban environments, capturing high-accuracy, wide-coverage images. This facilitates comprehensive traffic databases and real-time traffic information retrieval for precise traffic management. Extensive experiments on large-scale remote sensing datasets demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach. The integration of attention mechanisms, graph neural algorithms, and robotic multimodal information fusion enhances traffic scene retrieval, promising improved information extraction accuracy for more effective traffic management, road safety, and intelligent transportation systems. In conclusion, this interdisciplinary approach, combining attention mechanisms, graph neural algorithms, and robotic technology, represents significant progress in traffic scene retrieval from remote sensing images, with potential applications in traffic management, road safety, and urban planning.

PENGARUH MATERIAL LOKAL KEDIRI TERHADAP TINGKAT DURABILITAS LAPIS STRUKTUR JALAN

<p><em>Air conditioning or asphalt concrete is formed from coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and asphalt. An aggregate is a collection of grains of crushed stone, gravel, sand, and other minerals in the form of both natural and artificial products. Coarse aggregate is sieve holder No. 8 (2.36 mm) retained aggregate while fine aggregate is sieve No. 8 (2.36 mm) passed aggregate. The problems that often occur in road pavement layers are poor durability and surfaces that are easy to wear out. This study aimed to find the maximum marshall value in the form of 60/70 penetration asphalt mixture stability. This study used an experimental method with a laston AC-BC test, the test was carried out with abrasion, gradation, specific gravity, and Marshal testing tests using marshal test equipment, following SNI 06-2489-1991, or AASHTO T245-90, or ASTM D1559-76. Using aggregates from the Kedak area, stability results of 3046, 4896, 3754 were obtained, which met the standards of the Bina Marga specifications standards. So that the aggregate from the Kedak area can be used as an alternative constituent material in road planning in the Kediri area because it is more efficient and has good durability.</em></p>

PERBADINGAN TEBAL PERKERASAN JALAN LENTUR MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALISA KOMPONEN DAN BINA MARGA 2017

<p><em>The issuance of Circular Letter from the Director General of Highways No. 04/SE/Db/2017 With the revision of the 2017 Pavement Design Guidelines, the old flexible pavement design rules no longer apply. However, in some regions, the old Component Analysis guidelines for pavement thickness planning are still being used. This study aims to compare the flexible pavement thickness between the Component Analysis method and Bina Marga 2017. The data used in both methods are the same. The analysis results show differences in pavement thickness between the two methods. The pavement thickness according to the Component Analysis method is as follows: surface layer thickness (D1) = 74 mm, upper foundation layer thickness (D2) = 200 mm, and lower foundation layer thickness (D3) = 250 mm. Meanwhile, the MDPJ 2017 method gives the following thicknesses: surface layer thickness (D1) = 100 mm, upper foundation layer thickness (D2) = 400 mm, and lower foundation layer thickness (D3) = 100 mm. A significant difference between Component Analysis and MDPJ 2017 is that the Bina Marga 2017 method does not take regional factors into account. It assumes that the road drainage system functions properly and there is no water pooling on the road. The smallest load on the road is a 2-ton vehicle, so motorcycles are not considered a load on the road. If the MDPJ 2017 method is used for road planning in areas where the majority of vehicles are motorcycles, it will result in higher implementation costs compared to Component Analysis. In general, the pavement structure according to Bina Marga 2017 is thicker compared to the Component Analysis method, and the CBR value and the number of vehicles are the main parameters in road pavement thickness analysis for both methods mentioned.</em></p>

The rocks are hotter on the other side of the fence: roadside habitats should inform mitigation design

Maintaining viable populations of large reptiles is often challenging in road fragmented landscapes. While mitigation structures can reduce impacts, few studies have investigated how mitigation success can be affected by roadside habitats. In southeast Ohio, USA, we evaluated mitigation effectiveness for state-endangered timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) at a new highway in a forested landscape. Road construction at the study site created a wide corridor of open canopy habitats (the right-of-way; ROW) containing roadcuts and stone piles. However, exclusion fencing was constructed along the forest-ROW boundary, leaving the open canopy habitats on the road-side of the fence. Over three years, we monitored 6 rattlesnakes using radiotelemetry and found that rattlesnakes repeatedly crossed the fence to access forest-edge and ROW habitats. Rattlesnakes ostensibly crossed through damaged sections of the fence. The ROW was used most intensively by gravid females (n = 2), with their core home ranges overlapping the ROW by more than 50 percent. Despite the fence crossings, all home ranges were bounded by the highway and no rattlesnake road mortality was observed. Operative temperature models revealed that the ROW provided warmer thermal regimes that were rare or unavailable in the forest. On average, field preferred gestation temperatures (Tb = 29.7°C, SD = 1.8) could be attained or exceeded for more than 5 times as many hours per day in the ROW (7.8 hours) than in the forest (1.4 hours). Habitat selection models indicated gravid females selected warmer thermal habitats that were spatially concentrated in the ROW and edge habitats, while non-gravid snakes avoided the ROW beyond the forest edge. Habitat use within the ROW was mostly limited to rocky microhabitat structures, especially riprap stone piles and subsurface rock crevices on roadcuts, which provided buffered thermal regimes with refugia from extreme temperatures during the day and warmer Te through the night. In forested landscapes, we encourage road planners to consider whether new road corridors are likely to introduce basking sites, and if so, maintain those features on the habitat-side of exclusion fencing, and consider restoring basking sites in the surrounding forest to reduce the potential for ecological trap formation.

How Does the Living Street Environment in the Old Urban Districts Affect Walking Behavior? A General Multi-Factor Framework

To strike a trade-off between walking behavior and street resource constraint, extensive research tends to focus on how the urban environment affects walking behavior. However, most of the existing impact measurements focus on the cities in low-latitude temperate environments, which may not truly reflect the situation when assessing high-latitude cities. To address this drawback, in this paper, a general multi-factor framework is introduced to quantify the influence of street-level environmental factors on walking behavior. Specifically, a framework is constructed by comprehensively considering the subjective data and the objective data of Harbin, China, which is mainly composed of multivariate measurement indicators, a multi-source data analysis library, and four-dimensional evaluation paradigm. The results indicate that two main measures can promote the current situation of human-oriented living street environment planning, namely, increasing the distribution of green facilities and life service facilities in the old urban districts living street, and paying attention to the diversity of street greening and street landscape. The proposed framework is conducive to improve the planning status of human-centered street environments and guide the construction of pedestrian-friendly life and healthy streets.