Road Passenger Research Articles

Correlational Analysis of Workers Extra-Role Behaviour and Organizational Socialization: A Study of Road Passenger Transport Operators in Umuahia, Abia State.

This study examines the correlational analysis between workers extra-role behaviour and organisational socialization of selected road passenger transport operators in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. However, this study adopted a cross-sectional research survey. Target population for the study consists of all registered private road passenger transport operators in Umuahia, Abia State. Nigeria. Thus, the accessible population consists of 5 registered private road passenger transport operators. A total of 120 workers were surveyed. The study adopted a simple random sampling technique. The sample size for the study is 92 using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determination table. After data cleaning, a total of 80 copies of questionnaire were found useful for data analysis. The study adopted Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient as a statistical tool for data analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The finding of this study show that workers’ extra-role behavior measured in terms of sportsmanship and altruism is strongly dependent on the organisational socialization of workers’ in the road passenger transport firms operating in Umuahia. Based on this finding, the study concluded that organisational socialization improves workers extra-role behaviour in the road passenger transport operators. Drawing from our conclusion, the study recommended that human resource managers and practitioners in the road transport industry should improve the organisational socialization processes to promote and encourage workers’ extra-role behaviour.

Impact of powertrain electrification, vehicle size reduction and lightweight materials substitution on energy use, CO2 emissions and cost of a passenger light-duty vehicle fleet

Electric-drive and lightweight vehicles can reduce CO2 emissions in road passenger transportation. However, maximum reductions are limited by the extent of their diffusion. A vehicle fleet stock turnover model was developed to study the impact of powertrain electrification, vehicle size reduction and lightweight materials substitution on light-duty vehicle fleet energy consumption, CO2 emissions and cost; and used in the case of Japan. Vehicle types included internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles; using two glider types, conventional and lightweight; available in three vehicle size classes, normal, compact and mini-sized vehicles. Diffusion of mini-sized lightweight battery electric vehicles has the largest potential for tank-to-wheel energy consumption and CO2 emissions reductions, 70.6 and 92.2%, compared to the 2050 baseline values; with a net cash flow larger than zero until 2045. In contrast, diffusion of mini-sized lightweight fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles has the lowest net cash flow by 2050, with negative values from 2033 and potential tank-to-wheel energy consumption and CO2 emissions reductions of 55.4 and 82.9% compared to the 2050 baseline values. Lightweighting reduces significantly the capital cost of battery electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles, favoring their deployment.

Energy Consumption And Ghg Production In Railway And Road Passenger Regional Transport

Paper deals with the modeling and simulation of energy consumption and GHG production of two different modes of regional passenger transport – road and railway. These two transport modes use the same type of fuel – diesel. Modeling and simulation of the energy consumption in transport is often used due to calculation satisfactory accuracy and cost efficiency. Paper deals with the calculation based on EN standards and information collected from technical information from vehicle producers and characteristics of tracks. Calculation included maximal theoretical capacity of bus and train and real passenger’s measurement from operation. Final energy consumption and GHG production is calculated by using software simulation. In evaluation of the simulation is used system “well to wheel”.

Willingness to pay for carbon tax: A study of Indian road passenger transport

Transport plays an important role in everybody's life; but transport, specifically road transport contributes highly to the emissions of CO2 and other Green House Gases. Road transport bears 73% share of total CO2 emissions from transport sector. High concentration of these gases leads to air pollution in terms of poor air quality and health related risks. Many countries have adopted carbon tax as a cost effective measure to correct environmental externality and reduce CO2 emissions since early 1990s. But before adopting carbon tax as a policy measure, it is important to determine people's willingness to pay (WTP) for effective implementation of the same. In order to know the effectiveness of carbon tax in Indian road passenger transport, this study presents the contingent valuation analysis of people's willingness to pay with the help of primary data collected from three different metropolitan cities – Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore. Probit and tobit regression models are used to analyse the data. Findings show that people of India are willing to pay. Environmental awareness in terms of people's interest in environment, their environmental activities, education, income and age have significant role in determining WTP. The study suggests macro level policy recommendations in terms of utilizing fiscal instruments (such as tax) for environmental externalities. It also helps to analyse sustainability oriented behaviour in terms of society's willingness to pay to avoid environmental risks through contingent valuation method.

Direct energy rebound effect for road passenger transport in China: A dynamic panel quantile regression approach

The transport sector appears a main energy consumer in China and plays a significant role in energy conservation. Improving energy efficiency proves an effective way to reduce energy consumption in transport sector, whereas its effectiveness may be affected by the rebound effect. This paper proposes a dynamic panel quantile regression model to estimate the direct energy rebound effect for road passenger transport in the whole country, eastern, central and western China, respectively, based on the data of 30 provinces from 2003 to 2012. The empirical results reveal that, first of all, the direct rebound effect does exist for road passenger transport and on the whole country, the short-term and long-term direct rebound effects are 25.53% and 26.56% on average, respectively. Second, the direct rebound effect for road passenger transport in central and eastern China tends to decrease, increase and then decrease again, whereas that in western China decreases and then increases, with the increasing passenger kilometers. Finally, when implementing energy efficiency policy in road passenger transport sector, the effectiveness of energy conservation in western China proves much better than that in central China overall, while the effectiveness in central China is relatively better than that in eastern China.

TIMES modelling of transport sector in China and USA: Comparisons from a decarbonization perspective

Transport sector significantly influences the decarbonization of the entire energy system. In this study, carbon tax scenario analyses with application of the TIMES model are carried out for China and USA to advance the understanding of the transport service demands, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions from a comparison perspective. Model results suggest that liquid fuels will keep dominating the transport energy consumption, while biofuels and electrification will facilitate the decarbonization of the transport sector both in China and USA. However, substantial differences exist between the two countries regarding the transport development pathways. FCEVs will be developed earlier and faster in USA and can fulfill 10% of the road passenger services in 2050 in USA, while less than 2% in China in TAX20 scenario; Carbon tax will raise the total energy system cost by 24% in China and 8% in USA in 2050 in TAX50 scenario and the additional cost of electricity in USA will be lower than that in China. It’s also observed that the transport sector reacts to the carbon policy less and later than other sectors.

Neuro Model Approach for a Quarter Car Passive Suspension Systems

The road handling, load carrying and passenger comfort are three intension factors on car suspension’s system. They should be compromised to achieve the good the car suspension dynamics. To fulfill the requirement, the car suspension system must be controlled and analyzed. To design and analyze the suspension controller, the realistic dynamics model of car suspension is needed. In this paper, the car suspension is assumed as a quarter car and has a model structure as a neural network structure. The model is assumed consist of nonlinear properties that are contributed by spring stiffness and damping elements of suspension system. The tire is assumed has linear properties and represented by spring stiffness element and damping element. The model responses are generated in simulation term. The random type of artificial road surface signal as an input variable is used in this simulation. The results show that the trend of neuro model have the same with the response of a quarter car nonlinear model from dynamic derivation. It means that the developed neuro model structure capable to represent the nonlinear model of a quarter car passive suspension system dynamics.

Mitigation of CO2 emissions from the road passenger transport sector in Bahrain

There is much optimism that the 2015 Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention will yield an agreement on mitigation of climate change, to become effective in 2020. In this context, Bahrain represents a developing country with insufficient data to assess mitigation opportunities: its per capita carbon emissions rank among the world’s highest, yet there has been no research on the reduction potential of its rapidly growing transport sector. We examine this reduction potential and the costs of various mitigation measures and, further, explore barriers and the view of policymakers and experts. Potential benefits of combined mitigation scenarios are also identified based on their acceptability. We adopt a modified participatory method to develop the scenarios, using the long-range energy alternative planning (LEAP) modelling system, and find that an integrated policy approach can deliver a 23 % reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, costing 108 United States dollars per avoided metric tonne, with politically acceptable scenarios. Better performance, however, would require less acceptable approaches. These findings are significant for decision-making in Bahrain and other Gulf Cooperation Council countries; national target preparation and the setting of fuel economy standards should be begun promptly. We offer lessons to other developing countries on the timely regulation of technical specifications and numbers of passenger vehicles. Participatory approaches to the assessment of mitigation measures can advance environmentally effective, economically feasible and politically acceptable scenarios. The global community can use these results to provide necessary technical and financial assistance to developing countries.

The effectiveness of policy on consumer choices for private road passenger transport emissions reductions in six major economies

The effectiveness of fiscal policy to influence vehicle purchases for emissions reductions in private passenger road transport depends on its ability to incentivise consumers to make choices oriented towards lower emissions vehicles. However, car purchase choices are known to be strongly socially determined, and this sector is highly diverse due to significant socio-economic differences between consumer groups. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset and analysis of the structure of the 2012 private passenger vehicle fleet-years in six major economies across the World (UK, USA, China, India, Japan and Brazil) in terms of price, engine size and emissions distributions. We argue that choices and aggregate elasticities of substitution can be predicted using this data, enabling us to evaluate the effectiveness of potential fiscal and technological change policies on fleet-year emissions reductions. We provide tools to do so based on the distributive structure of prices and emissions in segments of a diverse market, both for conventional as well as unconventional engine technologies. We find that markets differ significantly between nations, and that correlations between engine sizes, emissions and prices exist strongly in some markets and not strongly in others. We furthermore find that markets for unconventional engine technologies have patchy coverages of varying levels. These findings are interpreted in terms of policy strategy.

Assessment of elasticity of demand for services of suburban road passenger transport

This article discusses the use of index of elasticity of demand for a suburban road passenger transport in solving problems of organizing the transport of passengers in suburban traffic, and gives some of the results of our research in this area. The main aim of the study is to identify the impact of the fare on changes in demand for the services of a suburban road passenger transport. The use of statistical methods to assess complex objects allows consider the interests both carriers and passengers for the development of the transportation process of passengers in suburban traffic. This article discussed a way to assess the elasticity of demand for a suburban road passenger transport. The results of processing of field studies allowed estimating the amount of demand changes when you change the transportation fares. Identified fare limit that favorable to passengers of suburban transport takes into account interests both carriers and passengers during the organization of the transport process. This makes it possible to evaluate various design options of process parameters of the carriage of passengers in suburban traffic. The research results can be applied by transport specialists involved in the field of passenger transportation in suburban traffic.

Evaluation Index of Urban and Rural Road Passenger Transportation Integration

To understand the process of passenger transportation on the urban and rural roads accurately, objectively and reasonably, this article in six aspects of the station yard layout, line network, operation management, service level, fiscal policy and technical equipment, constructing a multi-level evaluation index system of complete.

A life-cycle perspective on automotive fuel cells

The production and end-of-life (EoL) processes for current and future proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems for road passenger vehicle applications were analysed and quantified in the form of life cycle inventories. The current PEMFC technology is characterised by highly sensitive operating conditions and a high system mass. For each core component of PEMFC there are a range of materials under development and the research aimed to identify those considered realistic for a 2020 future scenario and according to commercial goals of achieving higher performance, increased power density, greater stability and a marked reduction of costs. End-of-life scenarios were developed in consideration of the materials at the focus of recovery efforts.The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) addressed the production and EoL of the fuel cell systems with inclusion of a sensitivity analysis to assess influences on the results from the key fuel cell parameters. The second part to the LCIA assessed the environmental and human health burdens from passenger transport in a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) with comparison between the 2012 and 2020 fuel cell scenarios and referenced to an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) of Euro5 emission standard. It was seen that whilst the drivetrain (and therefore the fuel cell system) is a major contributor to the emissions in all the indicators shown, the hydrogen use (and therefore the efficiency of the fuel cell system and the method of hydrogen production) can have a far greater influence on the environmental performance. Overall, the results show inconclusive environmental benefits for using FCV instead of modern ICEV: a substantial reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions can only be achieved using hydrogen produced with non-fossil energy resources. However, even such “clean” hydrogen used in FCV will not lead to a reduction of several other environmental burdens from the life cycle perspective within the time frame considered.

The Major Roles Of Long Distance Bus Transport In Developing Countries With Emphasis On Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract This article presents the major roles of long distance bus transport that radiates from Addis Ababa to the hinterland. The purpose is to assess and identify the major roles of Long Distance Bus Transport in Addis Ababa. The methodology is focused on both primary and secondary sources. The primary informants, who were principally distinguished from the passengers, operators, and key government officials from the transport office, include the head of bus terminal and Association, and selected experts. In terms of analysis, the qualitative approach was used by applying a thick description of the issue. The findings revealed that the availability of towns comes mainly because of the routes which give access and distribution of road passenger transport. The LDB (Long Distance Bus) along the line has played a great role in the making of metropolitan linkage. The presence of these routes contributes more to the rise of urbanization and it has also played a role in the creation of towns and rural areas found around certain radius at the two sides of highways. Thus, it has a high probability for the expansion of urban sprawl and formation of conurbation in the future. The prescription for this study is to work with stakeholders to reduce the congestion of passengers in the terminals and the association also should serve the society 24/7 or 18/7.

Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of the Third Party Logistics Development of Jiangxi Road Passenger Transportation Enterprises

Faced with ordinary train speed, inter city train and high-speed rail started to use, increasing private cars, the development of the aviation Spur Line of road passenger transport companies and to road passenger transport based integrated road transport companies have to develop new business areas looking for new economic growth point to enhance enterprise competitiveness in the new environment. Road passenger transport enterprises have road transport vehicle management experience, but also a good resource advantages of regional social, site, brand, network, etc., So the development of logistics has become the first choice of many such enterprises. With the development of logistics in Jiangxi road passenger transportation enterprise's background, current situation, development of the logistics of the road passenger transportation enterprises in the existing problems, puts forward the countermeasures, make accurate positioning, clear direction; a sound system, innovation mechanism; build a platform, tamp foundation; intensive and meticulous farming, create brand, actively develop the third party logistics, a comprehensive modernization

Assessment of mobility and its impact on energy use and air pollution in Nepal

Understanding of existing motorized and non-motorized transport services is a key challenge for landlocked Nepal in addressing sustainable transport system development. This paper assesses mobility and estimates current travel demand, energy use and emissions from different transport modes for Kathmandu (capital city) and for rest of the country. Road transport dominates all transport modes in Nepal. In per-capita terms, country's motorized road passenger travel (1461 km) is amongst the lowest in the world. Private vehicles (mainly motor cycle) in Kathmandu and public vehicles (mainly bus) in rest of the country, dominate road passenger travel. Trucks dominate in freight transport services. More than half of country's total commercial energy is consumed by transport sector. Kathmandu alone consumes country's half of gasoline and 20% of diesel supply. The current level of country's road energy use, based on road energy use index, remains one of the lowest in the world. However, emissions of local air pollutant from motor vehicles are significant and they are likely responsible for deteriorating air quality in the country's urban areas. Although less significant in the global context, transport sector is responsible for more than half of country's total energy-related CO2 emissions.

An Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Hybrid Control Strategy for a Semiactive Suspension with Magneto Rheological Damper

The main function of a vehicle suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from external excitation in order to improve passenger comfort and road holding and to stabilise its movement. This paper considers the implementation of an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with a fuzzy hybrid control technique to control a quarter vehicle suspension system with a semiactive magneto rheological (MR) damper. A quarter car suspension model is set up with an MR damper and a semiactive controller consisting of a fuzzy hybrid skyhook-groundhook controller and an ANFIS model is also designed. The fuzzy hybrid controller is used to generate the desired control force, and the ANFIS is designed to model the inverse dynamics of MR damper in order to obtain a desired current. Finally, numerical simulations of the semiactive suspensions with the ANFIS-hybrid controller, the traditional hybrid controller, and passive suspension are compared. The results of simulations show that the proposed ANFIS-hybrid controller provides better isolation performance than the other controllers.

Objectives and Views of Road Passenger Transport Transformation under the New Circumstances

Based on the new requirements of building a comprehensive well-off society, this paper first discusses the new circumstances the road passenger transport faces, then researches the objectives and ideas of road passenger transport transformation from a macro level.

Study on the Policy of Chinese Road Passenger Transport Intensification

In recent years, according restructuring and transformation, the intensification of Chinese road passenger transport industry significantly increases-rising, concentrated market, scientific vehicles structure, expanding companies scale. However, irregular market order, incomplete market competition and pricing system and other issues are still hinder road passenger transport intensification process. This article analyses the urgency of Chinese road passenger transport intensification from three levels, macro, meso and micro. Finally, it provides the idea of intensification of road passenger transport, puts forward three specific targeted policy measures from improving market access/exit and the pricing system and the establishment of appropriate coordination.

Safety Assessment of Road Passenger Transportation Enterprise on Key Criteria

Safety Assessment of Road Passenger Transportation Enterprise on Key Criteria

A Method for Eletric Vehicle Ownership Forecast Considering Different Economic Factors

The construction of electric vehicles (EVs) charging station needs to be planed according to the ownership of EVs, traffic condition, population etc. Therefore a BP neural network based method to forecast the EV ownership for a city is presented in the paper, which considers the influence on the EV ownership caused by many related economy factors, including GDP of a city, vehicle production, per capita crude steel production, per capita generation capacity, road passenger traffic, highway mileage and the total population. A BP neural network is set up for the forecast of EV ownership, and the input layer contains seven neutrons, which represent different economic factors. There are three neurons in its hidden layer, and the output is the EV ownership. Then the method to predict the EV ownership of a city is presented, which is based on the forecast of the civilian car ownership in a city and the country. The EV ownership in the city of Chongqing from the year 2013 to 2020 is predicted, and the accuracy of the model is verified firstly, then the EV ownership in Chongqing is obtained, which is helpful to make plans for the development of electric vehicle. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i4.2544