Road Corridor Research Articles

Location Analysis of City Public Transport Shelters in Commercial Corridors (Case Study: Jl. Dr. Wahidin, Pekalongan City)

Dr. Wahidin Street is one of the important corridors in Pekalongan City and passed by the city's public transportation. When viewed the arrangement of land use in the vicinity, this corridor is dominated by trade, services, housing, education, and office activities. This makes the potential for population attraction and movement using public transportation modes in this road corridor relatively large. However, along the corridor, currently, only 1 (one) shelter is available, and it is rarely used by passengers. The main reason is that the distance to the existing shelter is too far. Currently, passenger boarding and disembarking activities are still carried out in any place so that they often obstruct traffic flow and endanger passengers. The purpose of this study is to determine the number and location of shelters to accommodate the needs of passengers in the corridor of Dr. Wahidin Street, Pekalongan. The analysis method in this research is a quantitative analysis using the Set Covering Problem and analysis tools using ArcGis and Lingo 8.0 software. The results showed that the number of shelters needed was 4 (four) units with 2 locations each in the West of the road (Dr. Wahidin Shelter and in front of PPIP Wholesale Market) and 2 in the East of the road (around the Pandu Shop and the Honda Dealer).

Studi evaluasi kualitas visual lanskap koridor Jalan Sumbersari – Gajayana Kota Malang

The corridor landscape that is on a commercial road with a lot of user activity can affect the visual quality of the road corridor landscape. The Sumbersari-Gajayana road corridor is one of the commercial roads that has centers of education to economic activities and services. The problem is the large number of community activities that are not supported by the width of the road resulting in congestion, the number of shop houses for businesses, the lack of parking space, narrow and disconnected pedestrians, the number of banners and billboards, so the combination of these facts disturbs the visual quality of the road corridors, however, some point is precisely the potential that must be preserved. This study used the analysis technique of Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) and Semantic Differential (SD) with 30 respondents who were students of Landscape Architecture. The evaluation results show that the corridor landscape of Jalan Sumbersari-Gajayana has high (T), medium (S), and low (R) aesthetic qualities which have a relationship between SBE and SD analysis techniques on the aesthetic elements of the road corridor landscape.

Perubahan Aktivitas Ekonomi dan Pemanfaatan Lahan di Koridor Jalan Pantura Setelah Beroperasi Jalan Tol Cipali

The existence of Pantura road as a physical facility is to support the daily needs of the people surrounding the Pantura Eretan Kulon Road. However, the operation of the Cikopo-Palimanan (Cipali) toll road in June 2015 caused the movement switch from Pantura Road to the Cipali toll road given a change in economic activity and land use in Pantura Eretan Road Corridor. The purposes of this study are to identify changes in economic activities and land use after the operation of the Cipali toll road by comparing the economic activities and land changes in the year of 2014 and 2019. Spatial analysis method and descriptive statistical analysis method were used in this study. The results of the analysis show that the operation of the Cipali toll road have led to a decrease in the number of business activities, especially the food business, a decreased income in the Pantura Road Corridor which is still below the Regency Minimum Wage (UMK) Indramayu and based on BPS is still low, changes conversion of the widest land use function in trade and services to become yard land which has no economic value, and a decrease in land use based on the function of buildings in the corridor of Jalan Pantura which is dominated by restaurants. On the other hand, the operation of the Cipali toll road results in a decrease of traffic volume on Jalan Pantura due to the reduced traffic generation so that the traffic congestion is reduced.

A Time-Based Assessment of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Levels at a Highly Trafficked Intersection: Case Study of Sango-Ota, Nigeria

Vehicle emissions have become one of the most prevailing air contamination sources, including nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide and particulate matter (PM). Among other air pollutants, PM limits visible sight distance and poses health risks upon inhalation into the human body. This study focused on assessing PM2.5 concentrations in air at different periods of the day at the highly trafficked grade-separated intersection of Sango-Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. PM2.5 readings were taken at three at-grade points around the intersection’s roundabout between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. for four (4) days using the BR-SMART-126 Portable 4-in-1 air quality monitor. The highest level of PM2.5 obtained on Day 1 (Monday) and Day 4 (Thursday) was about 45.1% and 38.6%, respectively, lower than that of Day 3 (Wednesday). The highest concentrations of PM2.5 were recorded between 11:00 and 13:00 and between 16:00 and 18:00 (up to 217 µg/m3) whereas the lowest levels were recorded between 14:00 and 15:00 (as low as 86 µg/m3). The concentration of PM2.5 at the Sango-Ota intersection is adjudged “very poor” with average hourly concentrations between 97 and 370 µg/m3. Outcomes obtained indicate the need for improved measures to control air quality along major road corridors and at intersections in Ogun State and Nigeria at large.

Kinerja Ruas Jalan Pada Zona Selamat Sekolah (ZoSS) di Jakarta Selatan

The School Safety Zone (ZoSS) is created to regulate traffic at certain times in areas close to schools to ensure the safety pedestrians in the area. However, this issue faces complex challenges, especially in schools located on strategic road corridors. The purpose of this study is to describe the traffic conditions of Ragunan Street, the factors that cause congestion on Ragunan Street at peak time and to describe the performance of the street located at the School Safety Zone (Zoss) of SMAN 28 Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta at peak times. The primary data source was obtained through traffic counting with a quantitative descriptive approach. The study population was passenger cars and motorbikes passing through Ragunan Street. The data analysis technique refers to the procedure for calculating urban roads according to the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI) 1997. The results show that the performance of Ragunan Street is as follows; free flow speed of 57.52 km/hour, capacity 6,552 pcu/hour, the level of road service ranges from B to D. The degree of saturation is below 0.75 indicating the road capacity still meets the MKJI 1997 standard except for the direction of Kalibata-Pasar Minggu which scores 0.80 with a value of D. The speed in the ZoSS of SMAN 28 area is 57.52km/hour, significantly exceeding the maximum speed limit of 20-25 km/hour implying it is critical for pedestrians in the ZoSS area.

Slope stability analysis of landslide zones in the part of Himalaya, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India

The current study is related to the slope stability assessment along a part of pilgrimage route (NH-154A) connecting a holy shrines of Bharmour and Manimahesh. This road section also connects with hydroelectric dams and power stations through a tunnel. The recognition of the soil slopes has been done along the road corridor, thereafter, topographical and geotechnical based investigations were carried out along the failed soil slope sections. The soil samples were collected from each selected site for geotechnical studies. In general, the slopes with an inclination angles varying from 40°—80° were identified in the study area. Using circular failure charts (CFC), the factor of safety values were obtained based on the requisite parameters of the slope. The current study will be helpful for mitigating unstable slopes along the highway stretch. The slope steepness, proximity to river Ravi, rainfall, and human disturbance due to road widening are major triggering factors for slope instability along NH-154A.

Landslide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio technique – A case study of NH67 road corridor in the Nilgiris district, Tamilnadu, India

The purpose of this study is to develop landslide susceptibility mapping for NH67 road corridor in the Nilgiris district of Tamilnadu, India, using the Geographic information system (GIS) and multivariate statistical approach. In November 2009, North-East monsoon triggered numerous landslides in the Nilgiris district of Tamilnadu, resulting in a high death toll and considerable damage to property. The landslide-controlling parameters namely lithology, soil type, slope gradient, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), proximity to faults, and proximity to road, rainfall and streams were extracted from the spatial database, and the weight coefficient of each factor was computed. Then the landslide hazard was analyzed using the frequency ratio method. For verification of the model, the results of the analyses were then compared with the field verified landslide locations. It was concluded that about 3.86% and 16.23 % of the study area are in the very high and high susceptible zone. Based on this, landslide susceptibility map was then classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low. In the course of model validation, the results were validated using the ROC curve. The AUC of Frequency ratio model was 67.5%. Therefore, the landslide susceptibility index map of the study area is considered valuable for the decision-makers of the landslide-prone region. This landslide susceptibility map can be used to carry out mitigation measures to reduce the susceptibility associated with landslide hazard.

SECURITY THREATS AND CHALLENGES TO PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR / ONE BELT OF ROAD

OBOR i.e One Belt One Road or China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is actually a game changer, a strategic balance of power between USA and China. In recent times, the establishments of such corridor are establishing new political and economic blocks on the globe. The fine example in this regard is recently much discussed OBOR/CPEC which is going to connect the middle East and South Asia to Europe and Central Asia and to Africa as well. Amid all hopes and interests there are many security concerns and threats. Pakistan’s security situation, regionalism and security environment, Terrorism and militancy, Uyghur issue, ISIS, India-Afghanistan and Iran nexus and the discontentment of USA. Policy towards Pakistan and Russian’s strong desire to be a part of the project is also a matter of great concern for Americans and Indians as well . The role of non state actors in the region, the Gulboshan and other Indian sponsored networks working in the disturbed areas are the challenges along with political fragmentation, social and religious cleavages hindrances. All these security threats and Challenges will be discussed and analyse within this article.

Interaction of traffic intensity and habitat features shape invasion dynamics of an invasive alien species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in a regional road network

Road corridors are important conduits for plant invasions, and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms is necessary for efficient management of invasive alien species in road networks. Previous studies identified road type with different traffic volumes as a key driver of seed dispersal and abundance of alien plants along roads. However, how the intensity of traffic interacts with the habitat features of roadsides in shaping invasion processes is not sufficiently understood. To elucidate these interactions, we analyzed the population dynamics of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), a common non-indigenous annual species in Europe and other continents, in a regional road network in Germany. Over a period of five years, we recorded plant densities at roadsides along four types of road corridors, subject to different intensities of traffic, and with a total length of about 300 km. We also classified roadsides in regard to habitat features (disturbance, shade). This allowed us to determine corridor- and habitat-specific mean population growth rates and spatial-temporal shifts in roadside plant abundances at the regional scale. Our results show that both traffic intensity and roadside habitat features significantly affect the population dynamics of ragweed. The combination of high traffic intensity and high disturbance intensity led to the highest mean population growth whereas population growth in less suitable habitats (e.g. shaded roadsides) declined with decreasing traffic intensity. We conclude that high traffic facilitates ragweed invasion along roads, likely due to continued seed dispersal, and can compensate partly for less suitable habitat features (i.e. shade) that decrease population growth along less trafficked roads. As a practical implication, management efforts to decline ragweed invasions within road networks (e.g. by repeated mowing) should be prioritized along high trafficked roads, and roadside with disturbed, open habitats should be reduced as far as possible, e.g. by establishing grassland from the regional species pool.

Introducing Uncertainty in Risk Calculation along Roads Using a Simple Stochastic Approach

Based on a previous risk calculation study conducted along a road corridor, risk is recalculated using a stochastic simulation by introducing variability into most of the parameters in the risk equation. This leads to an exceedance curve comparable to those of catastrophe models. This approach introduces uncertainty into the risk calculation in a simple way, and it can be used for poorly documented cases to compensate for a lack of data. This approach tends to minimize risk or question risk calculations.

Multi-modal cargo logistics distribution problem: Decomposition of the stochastic risk-averse models

This paper aims to develop a solution framework for large size scheduling problems by a novel multi-modal stochastic model in order to help the decision-makers to create a desirable schedule for the Belt & Road (B&R) corridors and North–South corridor, which provide a big trade market for the China–Europe routes. The model incorporates risk measures to resolve the stochastic scheduling problem where the uncertainty of demand, transit time and unloading time are taken into account. The developed model considers the transit cargoes and the various transportation options under time window limitations. In order to select the most effective risk measure, four well-known risk measures are evaluated including Value at Risk (VaR), Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), Tail Value at Risk (TVaR) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD). A two-phase hierarchical algorithm with an integrated novel Golden Search (GS) algorithm is developed to deal with the proposed bi-objective model. In order to cope with the large scale problems, the Sample Average Approximation (SAA) and Scenario Decomposition (SD) methods are further proposed. A Lagrangian Decomposition (LD) algorithm is then developed to estimate the best lower bound of the SD. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed model and solution framework has been validated via sets of sensitivity analysis tests. The results of analysis define the optimal flows of the cargoes across the most economic corridor.

Landslide probability mapping by considering fuzzy numerical risk factor (FNRF) and landscape change for road corridor of Uttarakhand, India

Landslide poses severe threats to the natural landscape of the Lesser Himalayas and the lives and economy of the communities residing in that mountainous topography. This study aims to investigate whether the landscape change has any impact on landslide occurrences in the Kalsi-Chakrata road corridor by detailed investigation through correlation of the landslide susceptibility zones and the landscape change, and finally to demarcate the hotspot villages where influence of landscape on landslide occurrence may be more in future. The rational of this work is to delineate the areas with higher landslide susceptibility using the ensemble model of GIS-based multi-criteria decision making through fuzzy landslide numerical risk factor model along the Kalsi-Chakrata road corridor of Uttarakhand where no previous detailed investigation was carried out applying any contemporary statistical techniques. The approach includes the correlation of the landslide conditioning factors in the study area with the changes in land use and land cover (LULC) over the past decade to understand whether frequent landslides have any link with the physical and hydro-meteorological or, infrastructure, and socioeconomic activities. It was performed through LULC change detection and landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM), and spatial overlay analysis to establish statistical correlation between the said parameters. The LULC change detection was performed using the object-oriented classification of satellite images acquired in 2010 and 2019. The inventory of the past landslides was formed by visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images supported by an intensive field survey of each landslide area. To assess the landslide susceptibility zones for 2010 and 2019 scenarios, the geo-environmental or conditioning factors such as slope, rainfall, lithology, normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), proximity to road and land use and land cover (LULC) were considered, and the fuzzy LNRF technique was applied. The results indicated that the LULC in the study area was primarily transformed from forest cover and sparse vegetation to open areas and arable land, which is increased by 6.7% in a decade. The increase in built-up areas and agricultural land by 2.3% indicates increasing human interference that is continuously transforming the natural landscape. The landslide susceptibility map of 2019 shows that about 25% of the total area falls under high and very high susceptibility classes. The result shows that 80% of the high landslide susceptible class is contained by LULC classes of open areas, scrubland, and sparse vegetation, which point out the profound impact of landscape change that aggravate landslide occurrence in that area. The result acclaims that specific LULC classes, such as open areas, barren-rocky lands, are more prone to landslides in this Lesser Himalayan road corridor, and the LULC-LSM correlation can be instrumental for landslide probability assessment concerning the changing landscape. The fuzzy LNRF model applied has 89.6% prediction accuracy at 95% confidence level which is highly satisfactory. The present study of the connection of LULC change with the landslide probability and identification of the most fragile landscape at the village level has been instrumental in delineation of landslide susceptible areas, and such studies may help the decision-makers adopt appropriate mitigation measures in those villages where the landscape changes have mainly resulted in increased landslide occurrences and formulate strategic plans to promote ecologically sustainable development of the mountainous communities in India's Lesser Himalayas.

Dijkstra Algoritması Kullanılarak İpek Yolu Koridorları Arasında En Kısa Ulaştırma Güzergâhının Belirlenmesi

Çin, çok taraflı ulaştırma politikaları ve 21. yy. İpek Yolunu oluşturma hedefi kapsamında 2013 yılında tarihi bir adım atmıştır. “Kuşak ve Yol” sloganı ile Pekin’ den Londra’ ya ulaşan yeni bir ticaret yolunun projesini açıklamış ve güzergâh ülkelerine iş birliği çağrısına bulunmuştur. Modern İpek Yolu olarak da adlandırılan bu proje; kara, deniz ve demiryolu taşımacılığının kullanılarak Çin ile güzergâhtaki 65’den fazla ülkeyi birbirine bağlanmayı, bu ülkelerde dengeli ve sürdürülebilir ekonomik kalkınmaları hedeflemektedir. Türkiye coğrafi ve jeopolitik konumu sayesinde en önemli güzergâh ülkelerinden birisi olarak bu iş birliğinden en fazla beklentisi olan ülke durumundadır. Dolayısıyla Türkiye; demiryolu, karayolu, tüp geçitler ve boğaz köprüleri başta olmak üzere birçok önemli yatırıma imza atmıştır. Literatürde sosyal bilimler alanlarında İpek Yolu ile ilgili birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Fakat bu çalışmada konuya mühendislik uygulamaları yaklaşımıyla, tüm sosyal ve politik koşullardan bağımsız olarak optimal bir sonuç elde etme amacı güdülmüştür. Bu amaçla İpek yolu Koridorlarında Pekin’den Londra’ya ulaşan demiryolu ağı için toplam 26 düğümden oluşan bir graf oluşturulmuş ve en kısa yolun hesaplanması için Dijkstra algoritması Python programlama dilinde kodlanarak çözülmüştür. Modern İpek Yolu veya Orta Koridor olarak adlandırılan güzergâhın Pekin-Londra arası en kısa demiryolu güzergâhı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Nematode communities indicate the negative impact of Reynoutria japonica invasion on soil fauna in ruderal habitats of tatra national park in Slovakia

Reynoutria japonica is a globally successful invasive plant that spreads rapidly after introduction, mainly along riparian or road corridors where dense stands often extend over several hundred square meters. Little is known, however, about the impacts of its spread in protected habitats of upland regions. This study was conducted to characterize the communities of plants and soil nematodes in ruderal forest habitats invaded and uninvaded by R. japonica in Tatra National Park, Slovakia. We hypothesized that invasion would reduce the diversity of native plant species, thereby affecting the nematode communities and their trophic structure. We found that invasion by R. japonica reduced the number and coverage of the native plant species and altered nematode communities and their structures. Total nematode abundance, species number and nematode biomass were significantly lower in invaded than uninvaded plots, but species diversity remained unaffected throughout the study. The overall abundance of all nematode trophic groups well represented the negative impact of R. japonica invasion on soil food webs, supported by low values of all maturity indices, a structural index and the Jaccard index of faunal similarity. A weighted faunal analysis similarly characterized the food webs of invaded plots as poorly developed or highly disturbed, with bacterial decomposition and a low C/N ratio. Our findings thus suggest that dense plots of knotweed simplify the structural complexity of the soil environment by reducing the richness of plant species, which may have contributed to the negative changes in the structures of the nematode communities.

A review of the relation between climate variability and mass removal processes

This literature review article is a product of the Research Project “Relation Between Climate Variability with Mass Removal Processes. Tunja-Páez case study”, developed in the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia in the year 2020.
 Introduction: This article focuses on the review of research studies and advances made during the last decade regarding the influence of climatic variability on the dynamics of slopes.
 Objective: To determine the influence of climatic variability in areas that present slope instability in the Tunja-Páez road corridor located in the department of Boyacá.
 Methods: A systematic review of information from books, manuals, reports, guides, and scientific articles on climate change, climate variability, mass removal processes, meteorological variables, and their influence on the resilience and adaptation of infrastructure related to containment and slope drainage projects.
 Results: The studies indicate criteria that relate temperature, precipitation and seismic activity with the occurrence of mass movements.
 Conclusion: Climatic anomalies in terms of precipitation and temperature has allowed research methodologies using probabilistic models to be developed for estimating the occurrence of said phenomena in future scenarios.
 Originality: The presented literature indicates the influence of climatic variability in the resulting mass removal processes as evidenced in studies at the global and national level.
 Limitations: This article scientific studies have been compiled that contrast the problems in the stability of slopes of the Tunja-Páez road corridor, without going into the details of these problems.

The Mato Grosso do Sul position and the continental projection of Brazil: the bioceanic corridors and infrastructure projects

The article aims to present the geographical (political and economic) importance of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) for the connection of Brazil with its South American neighbors and particularly in the construction of Bioceanic Corridors. Thus, in addition to being a geopolitical platform (for projecting influence), it is argued that MS has enormous productive and logistical potential within the scope of South American integration. Still, with the objective of contributing to public policies, a mapping of the main infrastructure projects that can improve the integration of the MS with neighboring countries is presented. It’s given an emphasis to those that are part of the bioceanic road corridor, and how these projects should be viewed from a broader set and structuring of projects and investments, notably those of a multimodal nature. For this reason, it’s also presented some relevant rail and river transport projects – waterways and ports – even North-South sense. The methodology used involves the bibliographic review of authors of Brazilian geopolitics, databases and documents on South American physical integration, especially from UNASUR and IIRSA, documents from government agencies (BNDES, for example), and news published by the government of Mato Grosso do Sul or by the local press.

Geometric Design and Validation of Road Corridor Modelling Using Civil 3d Software

Geometric Design and Validation of Road Corridor Modelling Using Civil 3d Software

The 7 challenges of road management towards sustainability and development

The expansion of road networks, taken place during the last decades, was driven by technological progress and economic growth. The most innovative products of this trend—modern motorways and international road corridors—provide an excellent level of service, traffic safety and necessary information to travelers. However, despite this undeniable progress, major impediments and respective challenges to road authorities and operators still remain. The present paper analytically presents the main current challenges in the road engineering field, namely: a) financing new projects, b) alternative energy resources, especially renewable energy, c) serviceability, including maintenance of road infrastructure, traffic congestion and quality of the network, d) climate change hazards due to greenhouse gas emissions increase, e) environmental impacts, f) safety on roads, streets and motorways, and g) economy and cost-effectiveness. In each country and over each network, challenges and concerns may vary, but, in most cases, competent authorities, engaged in road development policies, have to deal with most of these issues. The optimization of the means to achieve the best results seems to be an enduring stake. In the present paper, the origin and the main features of these challenges are outlined as well as their tendency to get amplified or diminished under the actual evolving economic conditions worldwide, where growth alternates with crisis and social hardship. Moreover, responses, meant to provide solutions to the said challenges, are suggested, including research findings of Aristotle University and innovative technological achievements, to drive the transition to a more sustainable future.

Valor de conservación de un bosque en el sureste de la Amazonia Peruana: El caso de Madre de Dios

Los bosques de la Amazonia de Madre de Dios (Perú) vienen siendo deforestados. La deforestación es impulsada por el crecimiento poblacional urbano, agricultura, minería aurífera desarrollo de infraestructura y la falta de planeación urbana y territorial. La pérdida de bosques tiene varias consecuencias negativas, como la inmigración y la pobreza persistente. El estudio analiza el valor de conservación de un de bosque prístino de terraza alta, ubicada en el sureste de la Amazonia peruana, área que soporta la presión de amenazas de deforestación e invasión de tierras acrecentada desde el acondicionamiento del corredor vial construida por la Iniciativa para la Integración de la Infraestructura Regional Suramericana (IIRSA). Para ello, se planteó el método de valoración contingente (MVC) a través del modelo logit dicotómico para definir la disposición a pagar (DAP) de los encuestados sobre precios propuestos de un escenario hipotético conservar el bosque como estrategia para fortalecer sus capacidades en la educación de profesionales, la población, y la investigación como motor en la generación del conocimiento. El resultado muestra que la DAP promedio para implementar el programa de conservación fue de S/ 17.49 (USD 5.16) como pago único por año. Este valor presenta una alta relación significativa con las variables: educación, importancia de la existencia del bosque, conocimiento ambiental, e ingresos, en el modelo econométrico para aceptar la propuesta. Finalmente, el bosque es importante por sí mismo para la población, y manifiestan una disposición positiva para su conservación.

Planning Principles of Permanent Outdoor Advertising (POA) in Arterial and Collector Road Corridors in Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia

Permanent Outdoor Advertising (POA) is one of the media for providing public space information to impact the viewer with words, with or without photographs. That details to the public on programs, goods, lifestyles, dreams, and values. Advertising is an important and very important tool in economic and business terms because it is direct communication with the audience. POA also generates the image and visual quality of public spaces as an urban physical feature in terms of urban planning. A important location for information dissemination is the high speed of motion in arterial and collector roads. The POA is something that draws attention and can enhance the region's picture. Advertisers, however, frequently disregard the detrimental impact of RRLs on the physical condition of urban space for the sole purpose of offering economic benefits. In Denpasar, POA is divided into 1) electronic billboards and 2) billboards, and POA typology can be divided into a) independent structure (free-standing POA) centered on technological installation; b) related to another structure (attached POA). The main issues of POA implementation in Denpasar City are: 1) security, 2) beauty/aesthetic, and 3) legibility are the key issues of the POA implementation in Denpasar City. These questions emerged from several aspects, namely: 1) land use; 2) structure and construction; 3) placement; 4) form, scale, and quantity; 5) orientation; 6) lighting; 7) material. The planning principles of the POA in Denpasar should be evaluated on the basis of contextual problems and the arterial and collector roads surrounding them. The POA identification is carried out in Denpasar City on twenty-nine main roads, including all three arterial roads, and on twenty-six collector roads. Two functions representing both arterial and collector roads in Denpasar were chosen for the study position on the main road with primary arterial function, collector-one, and collector. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) was the research approach used in this study with a qualitative analysis methodology that observes and analyzes the POA conditions that occurred on selected roads in Denpasar Area, which are used as a basis for structuring the principles and aspects of POA planning.