River Shipping Research Articles

From Commodities to Exhibits: An Analysis of Shipping in the Pearl River off Canton and Shipping in the Pearl River off Honam Island, Canton in the National Maritime Museum in the UK

This essay focuses on two Chinese export paintings, Shipping in the Pearl River off Canton and Shipping in the Pearl River off Honam Island, Canton, demonstrating the port views in Canton in the mid-nineteenth century in the National Maritime Museum. On the basis of an iconographic analysis method, and with reference to known similar works, this paper suggests the idea that the two works may come from Youqua’s studio, and the former was produced later than 1844. Simultaneously, this paper analyses the historical significance of the works in the dimension of both commodities and exhibits. Based on the exploration of the Chinese export paintings reflecting the East-West trade and Chinese society characteristics in a specific historical period, it also exposes the colonial nature of the work following the perspective of display and proposes the exhibition logic which restores the nature of the work as commodities as a practice of decolonization in the museum.

Research of Intelligent Logistics and High-Quality Economy Development for Yangtze River Cold Chain Shipping Based on Carbon Neutrality

The current status of intelligent logistics and cold chain shipping research is a hot topic worldwide. Meanwhile, the study of regional logistics and regional economy, shipping logistics and regional economic theory and application methods, and the empirical analysis of the correlation between the Yangtze River shipping and the Yangtze River shipping economy have attracted a lot of attention. This research has revealed that the Internet of Things of Yangtze River shipping has a great impact on the Yangtze River and the importance of inland river economic development. This study presents the empirical analysis on the correlation between shipping logistics and the inland river economy, starting from qualitative and quantitative aspects, and taking Yangtze River shipping as the representative. The proposed mathematical models and qualitative data analysis are made on the relevant effects of intelligent logistics and cold chain shipping on an inland river economy including its impact on the industrial layout, international trade, and urbanization. The research results provide administrative decisions or guidance values for the economic development of inland river ports in the Yangtze River.

Impact of AIS Data Thinning on Ship Air Pollutant Emissions Inventories

This article examines the impact of automatic identification system (AIS) data thinning on ship emissions inventory results. AIS data thinning is theoretically proven to lead to a smaller result for a ship’s air pollutant emissions inventory. The AIS dynamic data of six sampled ships for 1 day and for 1 year were thinned at 1 min, 3 min, 10 min, 30 min, and 1 h time intervals, and then CO2, NOX, CH, PM, SO2, and other air pollutant emissions were estimated both with and without AIS data thinning in the different time intervals. The results show that AIS data thinning affects the air pollutant emissions inventory results of the ships, and the impact is greater as the thinning interval increases. When the thinning interval is less than 10 min, the impact is less than 10%, but the impact increases to about 10–15% at a 30 min interval and about 15–20% at a 60 min interval. The impacts of thinning on the emissions of ships with acutely fluctuating speeds are more significant because the constantly changing speed is the main reason why data thinning affects the ship emissions inventory. Therefore, these data suggest that the AIS data can be thinned at intervals of 5 or 10 min when establishing a coastal or national ship air pollutant emissions inventory, the AIS data should be thinned at intervals of less than 3 min when establishing the air pollutant emissions inventory of inland river ships, and data thinning is not recommended when establishing a port or smaller-scale ship air pollutant emissions inventory.

Multi-Sensor-Based Hierarchical Detection and Tracking Method for Inland Waterway Ship Chimneys

In the field of automatic detection of ship exhaust behavior, a deep learning-based multi-sensor hierarchical detection method for tracking inland river ship chimneys is proposed to locate the ship exhaust behavior detection area quickly and accurately. Firstly, the primary detection uses a target detector based on a convolutional neural network to extract the shipping area in the visible image, and the secondary detection applies the Ostu binarization algorithm and image morphology operation, based on the infrared image and the primary detection results to obtain the chimney target by combining the location and area features; further, the improved DeepSORT algorithm is applied to achieve the ship chimney tracking. The results show that the multi-sensor-based hierarchical detection and tracking method can achieve real-time detection and tracking of ship chimneys, and can provide technical reference for the automatic detection of ship exhaust behavior.

CAE studies of river ice cover aerodynamics

The paper provides an overview of autumn-winter movements and ice breaking on river shipping routes. The range of tasks of ensuring the safety of ice navigation is highlighted, which requires the predict of wind loads on hummocky ice fields of small floe fractions. As a complex argument for the characterization of such a field, the coefficient of its windage is proposed. The statistical function of the distribution of the height of the hummocks is revealed.
 To speed up the process of three-dimensional description of the geometry of the ice surface with a given law of the distribution of hummocks, the joint use of CAD and CAE systems is proposed. A series of CAE «purges» of model ice fields was carried out. The dependence of aerodynamic loads on the direction of atmospheric flow has been confirmed by the analysis of the results of CAE-modeling of wind impact on small floe ices. The conclusion is made about the limitations of the application of the classical equation of gas dynamics in relation to the studied ice.

A Real-Time Measurement-Modeling System for Ship Air Pollution Emission Factors

The lack of techniques for monitoring ship emissions all day and in all weather conditions to obtain real-time emission factor values is the main problem in understanding the characteristics of ship emissions, and there is still no perfect solution. In this study, a real-time measurement-modeling system was designed and implemented. The system was divided into three parts: (1) a portable exhaust monitoring device, which could be mounted on a drone, aircraft, patrol boat, dock, and bridge crane, as well as on the shore, to conduct all-weather and real-time online monitoring of ship emissions; (2) a monitoring information platform for ship emissions, based on a Spring + Spring MVC + MyBatis (SSM) framework and Vue front-end technology; and (3) a cloud server that received real-time ship emission measurement data and stored it after verification and analysis to calculate the pollutant gas and particulate matter emission factors. Following development, this system was used to monitor the emissions of ocean-going and inland river ships. Analysis of the acquired data showed that the system could effectively measure the emission factors of ship exhausts full-time in a variety of weather scenarios. This system can improve the efficiency of maritime law enforcement and provide technical support for promoting the construction of ship emission control areas. It can also help researchers obtain ship emission data, as well as an improved understanding of the emission characteristics of ships.

Scrubber installation and green fuel for inland river ships with non-identical streamflow

Recently, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and government sectors have enacted several stringent regulations to curb the emissions of ships. Green fuel and scrubber installation are two prevailing adaptation strategies used by ships to reduce emissions. Green fuel leads to a high shipping cost with the consumption of low-sulphur but highly-priced oil, while scrubber installation is a long-term decision, which incurs a high capital cost from the setting up of desulphurization facilities but ensures ships can continue consuming low-priced oil. This paper makes a theoretical and holistic investigation of the strategy choice of a container ship in an inland river by taking into account the impact of streamflow velocity. For the inland shipping service, the sailing speed of a ship is the sum of its engine speed and streamflow velocity. The engine speed determines the fuel consumption, and the sailing speed determines the round-trip time of a ship. We found that the engine speed of a ship increases with respect to the streamflow velocity under both strategies in the sense of cost minimization. Also, the streamflow velocity increases the incentive of a ship to install a scrubber. Finally, numerical experiments based on the Yangtze River are conducted to demonstrate our proposed models.

«ПЕРЕХОДЯЩИЙ МАНДАТ» ЗАПАДНО-СИБИРСКОГО РЕЧНОГО ПАРОХОДСТВА ИЗ ФОНДОВ БАРНАУЛЬСКОГО МУЗЕЯ «ГОРОД»

The funds of the Barnaul museum “Gorod” contain an interesting industry award document of the period of the Third (Stalinist) Five-year Plan of the USSR, related to the West Siberian River Shipping and the development of the country’s transport system in the pre-war period - the “Transferable Mandate”. This article provides its description and content as well as a brief description of the internal situation of the Soviet Union and the international situation that led to the introduction of this type of reward for high-powered work into the system of industry awards of the USSR. The mandate contains the name of the person who was awarded three times. In addition, his photographic image was found and his fate during the Great Patriotic War was clarified.

Plavmagaziny Obskogo Severa: landshafty mobilnosti i rezhimy temproralnosti

Floating shops are an important part of the social landscape and life in northern villages located on water traffic ways. The role of the latter is especially important for settlements in the Ob North, where the “Northern supply haul” (deliveries of goods to the Northern Territories) has always been carried out from the south by the Ob-Irtysh River Shipping Company. Floating shops were actively used during the oil and gas development of the Ob North in the late Soviet period, but their “golden age” came in the 1990–2000s, when private entrepreneurs created flotillas of floating shops, which became an important factor in ensuring transport accessibility and improving the socio-economic status of local communities. The study is based on the materials of a field expedition trip conducted in the summer of 2019 in the water area of the Middle and Lower Ob. The conceptual framework of the study is built on the basis of the social philosophy of Latour, Urry and Law, with its characteristic axiomatics of a heterogeneous, hybrid world in constant motion, and with an orientation toward the study of networked, mobile, and variable forms of social life. In this article, special attention is paid to the use of the landscape conditions and affordanсes for the formation and functioning of the mobile trade infrastructure. In the present case, we observe the elimination of borders between the landscape and the transport infrastructure until their merger into a unified functional system in the terminology of Ingold. An essential condition for the success of this system is a spatio-temporal synchronization of the information, commodity-money, and raw flows achieved by the hybrid nature of the floating shop’s mode of temporality. This case offers opportunities for the theoretical conceptualization of the interconnection between mobility, landscape, and modes of temporality.

Legal and water management policy during climate warming in Poland

Abstract The article discusses some of the effects of global warming on rivers, lakes and underground water in Poland. It documents serious difficulties in river shipping and energy, as well as the exposing of areas previously occupied by lakes as a result water levels lowering. It is pointed out that the rapid increase in intensive irrigation of agricultural areas is causing excessive exploitation of underground water. The analysis takes into account the relevant data. The presentation of the effects of global warming is expanded upon with the legal provisions applicable in these situations. In the absence of climate change law, these are general regulations that face a number of difficulties in application. The detailing of areas of law and hydrology leads to the conclusion that Poland lacks a coherent policy on climate warming.

Strategic planning of inland river ports under different market structures: Coordinated vs. independent operating regime

This paper addresses the strategic planning issue of ports in an inland river corridor with location-dependent waterway depths, which determine the maximum navigable ship sizes deployed in ports. A vertical-structure model is proposed to capture the interrelationships among port operators, carriers, and shippers. The shippers, who are assumed to be continuously distributed along the inland river corridor, choose transshipment ports to minimize their own full transport cost from origin to destination. The carriers aim to maximize their own profit by determining waterway freight rates and ship fleet (in terms of ship size and number of ships). The port operators determine port capacity and port service charge to achieve their own objective, depending on the port market structures adopted, i.e., coordinated vs. independent regime. Under the coordinated regime, the central government aims to maximize total social welfare of the entire inland river system. Under the independent regime, each local government along the inland river corridor maximizes the local social welfare of individual port inside its jurisdiction. The properties of the models with different regimes are analytically explored. Our study develops a comprehensive model that can be used to analyze the investment and regulatory decisions for an inland river shipping corridor composed of multiple heterogeneous ports. The modelling results suggest that local governments have a tendency to overinvest port capacity beyond system optimum. Therefore, in the choice of regulatory regimes, one needs to balance the costs of regulation vs. the avoidance of excessive investments under central government intervention. Findings specific to the Yangtze River inland shipping corridor are also provided.

Shore power management for green shipping under international river transportation

ABSTRACT Greenhouse gas emissions in the shipping industry have been a major challenge in the sustainability of international transportation. This paper studied shore power management for river shipping, which has become increasingly popular in some international transport networks. We discussed stakeholders’ incentives and concerns regarding shore power and found that vessel owners play one of the dominant roles in the wide implementation of shore power. Then, a mathematical model is developed to show the advantages of shore power by combining it with an analysis of the optimal oil inventory plan for vessels. When the plan of the oil inventory on vessels is well designed, using shore power could be more beneficial than oil even if the shore power has a higher price than the latter because using shore power can provide the vessel with more options to improve the oil inventory plan by reducing oil consumption during berthing and the number of refueling. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to obtain a better understanding of the impact of the parameters on the performance of shore power. Our policy suggestions and findings can shed lights on how to make incentive policies for a wider and easier implementation of shore power under international shipping.

Adjustment Of The Need For Land Water Signs On The Musi River Flow

16 Ilir River Port is a port located in the city of Palembang. There are obstacles along the Musi river shipping lane so that instructions/information must be given for safety on the way, one of which is inland water signs but the condition is not maintained and there are signs that are missing, damaged, and have been covered by trees, it is necessary to install signs according to their needs. The aims of this study are as follows: To determine the need for river signs in the Musi River area. To determine the placement of river signs in the area of ​​Palembang City (Pulo Kerto) to Banyuasin Regency (Muara Sungsang). To stipulate technical specifications for signs in terms of the shape and size of inland water signs. The research methodology used is observation, library/documentation (literature) and institutional. The analysis used is the analysis of the need for river signs, analysis of the placement of river signs, analysis of the technical specifications of signs in terms of the shape and size of the signs. The results of this study are the addition of Mainland Water Signs on the Musi River shipping channel as many as 98 signs to support safety, security, necessity, and discovery of past currents. Placement of river signs in the area of ​​Palembang City (Pulo Kerto) to Banyuasin Regency (Muara Sungsang). There are points of vulnerable locations such as bends, crossroads that are not yet complete with inland water signs and also obstacles.

Feeder Scheduling and Container Transportation with the Factors of Draught and Bridge in the Yangtze River, China

Inland shipping in the Yangtze River in China has become very prosperous, making feeder scheduling and container transportation increasingly difficult for feeder operators. This research analyzed the decision-making of container transportation businesses in feeder companies operating between Shanghai Port and inland ports along the Yangtze River in China. The research considered the complexity of the natural conditions and water channels, including the draught limitations and the height of the bridges over the river. To analyze ways to increase the effectiveness of shipping containers from Shanghai Port into inland river ports along the Yangtze River, we built a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to minimize the total operating cost and determine the most effective departure time of each feeder. After linearizing the model, we designed a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to increase solution efficiency and introduced a taboo list and aspiration criterion of a Taboo Search (TS) algorithm to improve the PSO algorithm. Finally, we verified the accuracy of the model and the efficiency of the algorithms using numerical experiments. The research provides theoretical guidance for feeder operators and inland river shipping companies.

Ankudinov method for evaluation of river ships dynamic squat

The article describes problem of usability of Ankudinov method, which is wisely used for merchant vessels and war ships, for evaluation of river and sea-river ships squat in shallow water.The calculations by the method analysis of such usability had been made comparing methods developed for river ships taking in account shallow water. Conclusions about possibility of using the method, based on the analysis, had been made. First of all these conclusions relate to modern ships with bulbous bow

Brain function state in different phases and its relationship with clinical symptoms of migraine: an fMRI study based on regional homogeneity (ReHo).

BackgroundUsing fMRI to analysis of brain function state in migraineurs at different phases, and combined with the clinical symptoms to explore the mechanisms and outcomes of migraine.MethodsIt’s a case-control study. We analyzed the resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging in 19 patients with episodes, 22 patients with interictal phase, and 22 healthy controls. The ReHo method was used for post-processing. All subjects were evaluated using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale, simple mental state examination (MMSE), Hamilton anxiety (HAMA) scale, and Hamilton depression (HAMD) scale. The subjects’ clinical indicators (such as frequency of attack, course of disease, duration of each headache, and severity of headache) were correlated with the ReHo values of brain regions. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Yangtze River Shipping General Hospital.ResultsCompared with the interictal, patients in the episode group had lower activation in bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), with Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) (−9, 42, 15); and had stronger activation in bilateral paracentral lobule (PCL), with MNI (−3, −24, 66). Compared with the control group, patients in interictal phase had lower activation in the bilateral cuneus and bilateral lingual gyrus, with MNI scores of (9, −84, 36) and (0, −72, 6), respectively. No significant difference in brain area was found between the episodes group and the control group. In the episodes group, a significant correlation was observed between attack frequency and ReHo value of the bilateral PCL (r=0.492; P=0.038).ConclusionsWe need to observe the course of migraine as a whole. In the interictal period, the cuneus and lingual gyrus may affect the development of the disease. The ACC regulates different states of migraine by inducing anti-injury sensation regulation function. The paracentric lobule is not only associated with migraine attacks, but also with the frequency. This may have an effect on the outcome of subsequent migraines, as well as whether the condition becomes chronic, and the remodeling of the brain.

An innovative approach for constructing a shipping index based on dynamic weighted complex networks

The shipping index is a barometer of the shipping market and plays an important role in reflecting the fluctuations of the shipping market. The traditional shipping index compilation method uses fixed weights for calculation, however, which cannot accurately reflect market fluctuations. Complex network theory is often used to study changes in the internal structure of complex systems, and existing studies have also proven the feasibility of analyzing shipping market networks using this method. This paper proposes approaching the shipping market as a complex system, and constructing a multi-stage shipping market network with routes as nodes and inter-route freight rate fluctuations as edges. We construct a weighted routing model based on network characteristics and propose a dynamic shipping index calculation method based on a new weight distribution. For validity verification, we use the Pearl River Shipping Index as an example. The results show that, about 80% of the periods, the original index and the New Pearl River Shipping Index generated by our calculation rise and fall in a consistent manner. Furthermore, when the market fluctuates, the newly constructed shipping index based on the complex network can better identify the changes in the shipping market: the trend changes are more obvious, and more effectively reflect the occurrences of local events in the shipping market. Finally, based on the complex network, the route weights of different periods can be constructed. A changed route weight can affect the rest of the routes through the linkage effect. The wider the scope of influence, the higher the weight of the route, and the more obvious the impact will be on the final shipping index due to freight rate fluctuations on this route.

All-Russian fleet support movement and public diplomacy

The article is devoted to the activities of one of the most famous public organizations in Russia-the All — Russian Movement for the Support of Flot (DPF), which celebrated its 30th anniversary on September 10, 2021. Created in the difficult conditions of the beginning of the actual collapse of the Soviet Union, the Movement immediately declared its patriotic goals, the main one of which was the systematic preparation and worthy meeting of the upcoming 300th anniversary of the Russian Fleet. The ideas and plans of the DPF leadership have found wide support among military sailors and representatives of the civil fleet. Today, the Fleet Support Movement unites in its ranks more than 50 thousand individual and collective members-veterans and active military sailors, representatives of the Marine Transport and River Fleet, Shipbuilding and ship repair industry, Fishing Fleet, marine science, People's fleet-yachting, etc. All of them are part of 63 regional branches and representative offices operating in many regions and large cities of our country. Thus, it has become a powerful public organization that can solve any task in its field, starting from the development of the Russian Maritime Strategy and ending with taking care of the daily life of members of the maritime community. The organization also actively participates in international activities, which makes it a strong representative of Russian public (people's) diplomacy abroad.

Ship choice and shore-power service assessment for inland river container shipping networks

Ship emissions are essential sources of air pollution and have received extensive attention from both academia and industry in recent years. Provision of power supply to the berthed ships is often preferable to improve the air quality of port areas. This paper first proposes a network-based model to capture the choice behaviour of container ships on shore power (SP) in an inland river shipping system. Then the efficiency of SP is evaluated for all ports connected by the shipping network in the sense of environmental improvement. The systematic method can investigate the differential effects of the promotion policies, such as, the emission regulation and electricity subsidy, on different ports incorporating the choice behavior of ships. The method implementation and policy insights are carefully examined in the simulation example of the Yangtze River.

Prospects and problems of using liquefied natural gas as fuel on river ships in the northern steaming line of Russia

The article discusses the prospects for the modernization of projects of ships operating in the water areas of the main Siberian rivers, for the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as the main type of fuel, as well as problems associated with the adaptation of existing ship designs. LNG is a cheap, energy efficient, and more environmentally friendly analogue of traditional diesel fuel (DF). Unification of adaptation projects for common types of main engines of ships from northern shipping companies will significantly reduce operating costs. Modernization problems are associated with the storage of fuel stock on ships. The lower density of LNG in comparison with diesel fuel, as well as the need to use a cryogenic fuel tank, reduces the autonomy of the ship's operation on LNG. The analysis carried out in the article showed that with modernization, the autonomy of navigation in terms of fuel reserves can decrease by 2 times