Risk Zones Research Articles

Identifying risk zones and landscape features that affect common leopard depredation.

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a pressing issue worldwide but varies by species over time and place. One of the most prevalent forms of HWC in the mid-hills of Nepal is human-common-leopard conflict (HLC). Leopard attacks, especially in forested areas, can severely impact villagers and their livestock. Information on HLC in the Gorkha district was scarce, thus making it an ideal location to identify high-risk zones and landscape variables associated with such events. Registered cases were collected and reviewed from the Division Forest Office (DFO) during 2019-2021. Claims from DFO records were confirmed with herders and villagers via eight focus group discussions. To enhance modeling success, researchers identified a total of 163 leopard attack locations on livestock, ensuring a minimum distance of at least 100 meters between locations. Using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and considering 13 environmental variables, we mapped common leopard attack risk zones. True Skill Statistics (TSS) and area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) were used to evaluate and validate the Output. Furthermore, 10 replications, 1,000 maximum iterations, and 1000 background points were employed during modeling. The average AUC value for the model, which was 0.726 ± 0.021, revealed good accuracy. The model performed well, as indicated by a TSS value of 0.61 ± 0.03. Of the total research area (27.92 km2), about 74% was designated as a low-risk area, 19% as a medium-risk area, and 7% as a high-risk area. Of the 13 environmental variables, distance to water (25.2%) was the most significant predictor of risk, followed by distance to road (16.2%) and elevation (10.7%). According to response curves, the risk of common leopard is highest in the areas between 1.5 to 2 km distances from the water sources, followed by the closest distance from a road and an elevation of 700 to 800 m. Results suggest that managers and local governments should employ intervention strategies immediately to safeguard rural livelihoods in high-risk areas. Improvements include better design of livestock corrals, insurance, and total compensation of livestock losses. Settlements near roads and water sources should improve the design and construction of pens and cages to prevent livestock loss. More studies on the characteristics of victims are suggested to enhance understanding of common leopard attacks, in addition to landscape variables. Such information can be helpful in formulating the best management practices.

Аналіз підходів до оцінки методів сільськогосподарського ризику

The aim of the article is to analyze the approaches to assessing methods of agricultural risk and determine the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing the scientific works of many scholars, the views of researchers on the definition of the concept of «risk of agrarian entrepreneurship» were considered. An analysis of approaches to the assessment of methods has been carried out, the advantages and disadvantages of their application for agricultural risk assessment have been identified. As a result of the study, the features of the manifestation of agricultural risk in the conditions of entrepreneurship are allocated, as well as the main groups of factors influencing the risks of agricultural entrepreneurship. It is determined that the methods of agricultural risk assessment are divided into two groups: direct assessment methods, which allow to make calculations on the basis of the analyzed information; indirect assessment methods that apply the quantitative implications of the use of other methods. Indirect methods are auxiliary, although they provide an opportunity to get a more complete picture of risks and further decision-making. It is substantiated that each of the approaches has its own advantages and limitations, and their choice depends on the specifics of the risks that need to be assessed, as well as on the available data and resources. It is determined that the most acceptable method for assessing agricultural risks is expert method in combination with ranking, the use of which makes it possible to outline problem points and «risk zones», also to obtain a quantitative indicator of risk in a particular area of activity or implementation of the general strategy of enterprise development. It is emphasized that the integration of several approaches allows to obtain a more complete picture of risks and develop effective strategies for their minimization.

АНТИКРИЗОВІ СЦЕНАРІЇ МІЖГАЛУЗЕВОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ПЕРЕРОБНО-ХАРЧОВИХ АГРОХОЛДИНГІВ В ЦІЛІСНІЙ СИСТЕМІ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН З АГРАРНИМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ

The article contains the theoretical and methodological principles of developing anti-crisis scenarios of intersectoral interaction of agricultural market participants to minimize the impact of production risks of agricultural enterprises, transformation of indicators of the production and technological cycle and neutralization of the crisis level of competitiveness of processing industry enterprises. The density curves of the distribution of the probability of accidental losses were constructed; a risk zone is determined for an in-depth interval assessment of minimization of the crisis of agricultural holdings. Meat-processing agricultural holdings are singled out and the multi-vector nature of changes by types of production-technological cycle is determined based on the results of a multi-level diagnosis of the crisis of competitiveness of meat-processing agricultural holdings in the integral system of economic relations with agricultural enterprises. Poly-vector changes in the level of the crisis of the competitiveness of meat-processing agroholdings according to the integral indicator of ensuring the production and technological cycle in the time interval of 2021–2023 have been determined (without taking into account the amount of financial support from private investors and taking into account capitalized profit and state preferential lending). Empirical dependencies of variable indicators of insurance of the production and technological cycle of domestic meat processing agroholdings in the approximation of actuarial calculations are substantiated. Anti-crisis scenarios of cross-industry interaction of meat-processing agricultural holdings in an integrated system of economic relations with agricultural enterprises to neutralize crisis factors of competitiveness for 2024–2028 are proposed. It was concluded that the level of competitiveness of agroholdings depends on dynamic development, which is influenced by indices of agricultural raw materials, price indices for by-products and their processing products, preferential credit rates, volumes of private investments, state material assistance and the level of insurance payments.

Space Alpha Particle Fluxes towards the Earth's Surface Increase Human Mortality – Examples from the Balkans and Greece

A dangerous phenomenon for humanity is described. In the joint analysis of data from satellites in orbit around the Earth and from the health statistics source EUROSTAT, it became clear that, by some mechanism, flows of positively charged particles with high energy entering the Earth's orbit increase mortality on the planet's surface. The increase in mortality from the most deadly group of diseases for humanity – circulatory system diseases is by an average of 5% to 15% in a zone of maximum risk in the Northern Hemisphere, parallel to the equator and bounded by the parallels of 30° and 50° north latitude. Examples are given for the Balkans and Greece confirming the described phenomenon. A hypothetical mechanism based on observational evidence has been proposed, according to which this dangerous phenomenon is due to solar alpha particles of high energy sufficient to overcome the resistance of the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface in a limited area of maximum death impact

ВНУТРІШНІЙ ФІНАНСОВИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ У СФЕРІ ОБОРОННИХ ЗАКУПІВЕЛЬ: АЛГОРИТМ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article deals with the issue of effective implementation of internal financial control in the field of defense procurement. The functions and tasks of the State Audit Service of Ukraine in modern conditions are clarified, as well as the specifics of its functioning during the period of the legal regime of martial law when conducting state financial audits, inspection, verification and monitoring of purchases, etc. The activities of the State Audit Service of Ukraine during the last reporting year were analyzed and the position regarding the importance of implementing preventive measures aimed at preventing possible offenses without applying appropriate sanctions to customers was justified. It was determined that monitoring is one of the most effective tools for preventing violations, preventing financial abuse and corruption, and is also the only control tool that works preventively. The legal mechanism for defense procurement planning, the formation of the main indicators of the procurement of goods, works and services that have a defense purpose, the peculiarities of information disclosure, adjustments, the organization of control and reporting on the progress of bidding, as well as the publication of information on defense procurements, have been defined. The transformational changes in the organizational and legal foundations of state financial control in the field of defense procurement over recent times have been analyzed. Zones of special risk in the field of defense procurement in modern conditions are singled out, in particular, when inspections and audits are carried out, and the position is substantiated that the algorithm for the effectiveness of internal financial control should be based on the return of transparency to the field of defense procurement with the simultaneous adoption of effective measures aimed at preserving confidentiality critically important information necessary to ensure the security of the state. The need to achieve a balance of transparency of budget expenditures on the basis of public procurement with the provision of reliable measures to observe the strict secrecy of the functioning of the military-industrial complex and the defense industry as a whole has been determined.

Passive seismic tomography for 3D imaging of the subsurface in a tunnel area

This study aims to provide decision support for future measures to be taken regarding 2 tunnels using high-resolution 3D imaging of the subsurface. This project involves a more comprehensive risk analysis than localized tests, such as geotechnical surveys, and a more precise characterization of the subsoil at the tunnel entrance for approximately 200 meters. To address this issue, a 3D passive seismic tomography was conducted using a network installed on the surface of the study area and another in the tunnels to better analyze the subsurface beneath the tunnels. The 3D shear wave velocity model allowed the identification and delineation of risk zones and the estimation of risk levels based on the analysis of Vs (shear wave velocity) contrasts and their correlation with borehole data.

Accuracy of a Non-Invasive Home Glucose Monitor for Measurement of Blood Glucose.

Patients with diabetes mellitus monitor their blood glucose at home with monitors that require a drop of blood or use a continuous glucose monitoring device that implants a small needle in the body. However, both cause discomfort to the patients which may inhibit them for regular blood glucose checks. Photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensing technology is an approach for non-invasive blood glucose measurement and PPG sensors can be used to predict hypoglycaemic episodes. InChcek is a PPG-based non-invasive glucose monitor. However, its accuracy has not been checked yet. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of InCheck, a non-invasive glucose monitor for the estimation of blood glucose. In a tertiary care hospital, patients who came for blood glucose estimation were tested for blood glucose non-invasively on the InCheck device and then by the laboratory method (glucose oxidase-peroxidase). These two readings were compared. We used International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15197:2013 (95% of values should be within ± 15 mg/dL of reference reading if reference glucose <100 mg/dL or within ± 15% of reference reading if reference glucose ≥100 mg/dL and 99% of the values should be within zones A and B in consensus error grid), and Surveillance Error Grid for analyzing the accuracy. A total of 1223 samples were analyzed. There was a significant difference between the reference method glucose level (135 [Q1-Q3: 97 - 179] mg/dL) and monitor-measured glucose level (188.33 [Q1-Q3: 167.33-209.33] mg/dL) (P < 0.0001). A total of 18.5% of readings were following ISO 15197:2013 criteria and 67.25% of coordinates were within zone A and zone B of the consensus error grid. In the surveillance error grid analysis, about 29.4% of values were in the no-risk zone, 51.8% in slight risk, 18.6% in moderate risk, and 0.2% were in the severe risk zone. The accuracy of the InCheck device for the estimation of blood glucose by PPG signal is not following the recommended guidelines. Hence, further research is necessary for programming or redesigning the hardware and software for a better result from this optical sensor-based non-invasive home glucose monitor.

Soil Erosion Mapping at Kampung Batu Balai, Kuala Krai, Kelantan using Geographic Information System (GIS)

Soil loss has become one of the world’s biggest and most important environmental problems. Besides, rapid development and various kinds of human activities have made significant environmental impacts due to some factors. Scientists are giving soil erosion a lot of attention, which has prompted the investigation of several approaches to solving the issue. The goal of this study is to use GIS technique to create a risk map for soil erosion. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) approach was used, which considers a number of variables including slope, vegetation cover, rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, and conservation techniques. A soil erosion map with classification from low to high vulnerability is produced by combining these criteria. The Annual Soil Loss Factor (A) was obtained by raster calculation in GIS with a combination of several thematic layers to depict erosion risk zones. Land risk map in Kg. Batu Balai shows that the study area has a moderate erosion rate (37.5%). In conclusion, the data produced offers insightful information that can help detect possible hazards such as floods and alternatives to practical responses.

An integrated approach of machine learning and remote sensing for evaluating landslide hazards and risk hotspots, NW Himalaya

Landslides have become more frequent in the last decade in the NW Himalayan region, threatening people and damaging infrastructure. The study presented here aims to identify landslide hazards and risk hotspots in the NW Himalaya. The area is strategically important due the many holy pilgrimage sites and major hydropower projects. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) was used to generate the landslide susceptibility map, which was combined with the rainfall intensity map to create the hazard map. To determine the spatial landslide vulnerability, land use and land cover components were taken into account with their respective monetary values. The landslide risk map is the combination of landslide hazard and vulnerability maps, showing that ∼5% of the area falls in high and very high-risk zones, ∼6% in moderate, ∼47% in low, and ∼42% in very low landslide risk zones. High to very high landslide risk zones are mainly confined to Uttarkashi and its surroundings in the southwestern part of the study area, as well as the Tehri, Karanprayag, and Pithoragarh regions in the southern area. Societal risk was also analyzed and revealed that ∼53% of the human population resides in high to very high landslide risk-prone areas. The findings of this study will be beneficial for promoting sustainable development and safe urbanization in the Himalayan region, if used for planning.

Frost Disaster Assessment and Risk Zoning of Cotton Seedling in Bozhou

Frost Disaster Assessment and Risk Zoning of Cotton Seedling in Bozhou

Modelling Poaching Risk Zones in Sengwa Wildlife Research Area: A Progressive Step towards Poaching Management

Modelling Poaching Risk Zones in Sengwa Wildlife Research Area: A Progressive Step towards Poaching Management

INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF THE MOBILE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITOR OF THE DNISTER CANYON

The relevance of the article lies in the development of a mobile environmental monitoring system and the features of creating an algorithm using aerospace technologies. A methodology for determining environmental risk zones is proposed, which is based on the methods of ranking environmental indicators during the assessment of the ecological safety of the ecosystem using multispectral characteristics of space images. This scientific and methodical approach allows to determine the environmental risk zones by combining various environmental indicators into a complex (scalar) indicator. Using the capabilities of GIS for regional cartographic constructions and the subsequent system of groundwater protection assessments, pre-created electronic maps of the power of the aeration zone and the structure of the lithological composition of its rocks on a scale of 1:1000,000 were used to perform this type of work. Each of the electronic maps involved for these buildings, underwent preliminary processing, which included the generalization of selected subdivisions. An ecological map of the Dniester Canyon under the influence of anthropogenic factors was constructed. This provided an opportunity for further ecological forecasting of the territory based on the application of information technologies. The application of the developed mobile environmental monitoring system allows for a prompt response to changes in the ecosystem and more accurate and efficient management of natural resources. This system helps not only to identify areas of environmental risk but also to develop adequate measures to minimize them. It provides an integrated approach to monitoring, taking into account various aspects of the environmental situation, from the state of water resources to the level of air pollution, and helps to make informed decisions at the level of local and regional authorities.

Lightning Disaster Risk Zoning Based on Multi-Source Data of Hazardous Sites

Lightning Disaster Risk Zoning Based on Multi-Source Data of Hazardous Sites

Flood risk assessment of slums in Dhaka city

Slums are characterized as some of the most impoverished and vulnerable communities within urban areas. They often face a multitude of challenges, including extreme poverty, social marginalization, and inadequate infrastructure. The poor quality of buildings and the lack of adequate infrastructure further exacerbate the vulnerability of slum dwellers to the impacts of flooding. This study focuses on accurate assessment of flood risk in slum area of the Dhaka metropolitan area, the capital of Bangladesh. The man-machine interactive method was utilized to extract slum information from Sentinel-2A satellite imagery. Thirteen evaluation indicators were selected from the aspects of hazard, sensitivity, exposure, and prevention and mitigation capacity. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was employed to determine the relative weights of these indicators. A comprehensive evaluation model for flood disaster risk was established, enabling the determination of the spatial distribution of flood risk in slums of Dhaka city. The results indicate that the flood risk distribution in the slums of Dhaka city exhibits an overall high flood risk. The slums with very high flood risk constitute about 22.035% of the total area and are concentrated in Badda, Khilkhet, and Dakshinkhan districts. Slums with high-risk constitute 41.600% of the total area and are located mainly in Turag, Pallabi, Badda, and Gulshan districts. Those areas with abundant rainfall, dense river networks, and flat topography have higher flood risk in slums compared to other regions. These research findings can be a reference for regional flood risk zoning, prevention, and sustainable development planning.

Multimodal linguistic landscape ecological optimization strategy for Nanchang urban area based on big data analysis

Abstract How to better coordinate construction development and regional landscape ecology in the process of urbanization is a realistic problem to be solved. This paper firstly constructs a multimodal language landscape ecological analysis and prediction model based on the patch-corridor-substrate theory for the urban geographical characteristics of Nanchang city and analyzes the urban dynamic data and landscape element change transfer by Markov transfer matrix combined with the entropy weight method to realize the analytical functions of land use change, landscape ecological pattern, spatial measurements, and landscape ecological health risk evaluation. It has been found that the landscape ecological condition of Nanchang City has generally deteriorated from 2005 to 2023, and the average value of the landscape ecological index has decreased. With the improvement of ecological environment laws and regulations, the city will develop in a more scientific, orderly, and sustainable direction, the degree of damage to the landscape will gradually decrease, and the landscape patches become more regular. The degree of forest land separation decreased from 1.932 to 1.228. The area of unutilized land continued to decrease, the degree of disturbance increased to 0.994, and the degree of loss increased to 0.342. The area of the lower ecological risk zone continued to decrease to 1,364.96km2. The proportion of the medium ecological risk zone decreased from 33.42% to 5.26%, and the area decreased by 1,996.77km2. The area of the high ecological risk and high ecological risk zones decreased by 400.72% respectively. Higher ecological risk and high ecological risk areas were reduced by 400.72km² and 31.91km², respectively, according to which this paper puts forward three landscape ecological optimization strategies, such as constructing an ecological network system, strengthening monitoring and early warning, and rationally planning land space. This paper is of great significance in carrying out a regional landscape ecological evaluation, regulating the spatial pattern of Nanchang, optimizing the use of regional land resources, and guaranteeing the sustainable development of the region.

Mortality from Diseases of the Circulatory System in Europe and the Mediterranean Connected with Space Energetic Alpha Particles?

In the present work, a dangerous phenomenon for mankind is described, increasing the mortality from the most deadly diseases on the planet – circulatory system diseases, in particular, the deadly ones of ischemic heart diseases. In the joint analysis of data from satellites in orbit around the Earth and from the health statistics sources EUROSTAT, it became clear that, by some mechanism, streams of positively charged solar particles with high energy entering the Earth's orbit increase mortality from circulatory system diseases. The annual increase is by an average of 5% to 15% in a zone of maximum risk in the Northern Hemisphere, parallel to the equator and bounded by the parallels of 30° and 50° north latitude. The dates are given when the risk of a vascular accident is maximum depending on the latitude of the place in the Europe and Mediterranean area. During the day, the risk of a vascular accident is maximum around local noon. In this regard, it is perhaps not a coincidence that in the Mediterranean region, a midday break is practiced indoors ("siesta").

The Identification of Landslide Risk-Prone Areas in the Imbulpe Divisional Secretariat in Sri Lanka: A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

Landslides can be identified as a prominent natural hazard that causes significant loss of life and property damage in many parts of the world and Sri Lanka. Planning experts, local governments, and decision-makers can benefit greatly from the identification of landslides and the creation of landslide susceptibility maps. Accurate landslide susceptibility maps are essential to minimize the loss of life and property. The landslide risk zones in any area can be plotted using GIS-based MCDA techniques that integrate the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) functions in ArcMap. This study attempted to develop a multi-criteria decision analysis for the appraisal of landslide risk zones in the Imbulpe DSD in Rathnapura District. To analyze the danger of landslides, MCDA was used in conjunction with GIS as a spatial decision-making tool. Slope, drainage pattern, soil type, geology, land use, and rainfall pattern were the six factors used in the study. Landslide risk maps were produced based on weighted techniques such as Analytic Hierarchy Process and Weighted Linear Combination. The slope area significantly affects the likelihood of a landslide. Results revealed that landslides were spreading in a manner that extended toward the eastern section of the study area. Because there are no good locations to build houses in the study area, a huge number of individuals tend to live in unprotected areas. The majority of the landslides in the area occurred during May, October, and November because those months received heavy rainfall. As remedial actions, it can be proposed to displace people living under landslide risk in the northeast and northwest slope areas to suitable protected areas.

Landscape ecological risk assessment study of the Yunnan section of the Tropic of Cancer

Natural landscapes constitute a vital component of ecosystems, and their stability and diversity are essential in maintaining regional ecosystem functions. The scientific and rational assessment of ecological risks in regional landscapes is crucial for activities such as ecosystem security evaluation, optimization of ecosystem function zoning, and establishment of landscape security patterns. We focused on the Yunnan section of the Tropic of Cancer, employing Landsat 8 remote sensing data to categorize landscape types and construct ecological risk indices. Using software platforms such as ArcGIS, GEE, and Fragstats4.2, an evaluation and spatial characteristics analysis of the ecological risk in the Yunnan section of the Tropic of Cancer was conducted, yielding the following findings: ① The overall level of ecological risk within the Yunnan section of the Tropic of Cancer is relatively low. The lower ecological risk zone covers an area of 19,100.35 km2, accounting for 34.09 % of the total study area, while the higher ecological risk zone spans 2,032.91 km2, constituting only 3.63 % of the total study area. ② Landscape types in areas of lower and low ecological risk are predominantly characterized by woodland landscapes, comprising 90.93 % and 62.19 %, respectively. Conversely, areas with high ecological risk and higher ecological risk are dominated by cultivated land, representing 67.75 % and 95.61 %, respectively. This underscores the importance of strengthening forestry development and controlling the expansion of cultivated land to mitigate regional landscape ecological risks. ③Regions with higher ecological risks in the landscape are primarily in the northwestern part of Yanshan County, the southern part of Gengma County, and the northern part of Wenshan city. These areas are susceptible to the impacts of intense farming, extreme weather, and the karst geological environment. In contrast, regions with high ecological risks are in the central and eastern parts of Mojiang County, the western part of Yanshan County, and the northern part of Wenshan city. These areas are mostly influenced by urban economic development, extensive construction projects leading to deforestation and grassland degradation, and the substantial demand for arable land due to a significant population increase. ④ The spatial pattern of ecological risk in the Yunnan section of the Tropic of Cancer, as indicated by Moran's I index, is positive and exceeds 0.6. The Z score significantly surpasses the reference value of 2.58, with p < 0.01. This indicates a strong degree of spatial autocorrelation and a high positive correlation in the spatial distribution characteristics.

Assessment of cyclone risk and case study of Gaja cyclone using GIS techniques and machine learning algorithms in coastal zone of Tamil Nadu, India

Cyclones can cause devastating impacts, including strong winds, heavy rainfall, storm surges, and flooding. The aftermath includes infrastructure damage, loss of life, displacement of communities, and ecological disruptions. Timely response and recovery efforts are crucial to minimize the socio-economic and environmental consequences of cyclones. To accelerate the time-consuming risk assessment process, particularly in geographically diverse regions, a blend of multi-criteria decision-making and machine learning models was utilized. This novel approach swiftly assessed cyclone risk and the impact of the Gaja cyclone in Nagapattinam, India. The method involved assigning weights to distinct criteria, unveiling notable vulnerability aspects like elevation, slope, proximity to the coast, distance from cyclone tracts, Lu/Lc, population density, proximity to cyclone shelters, household density, accessibility to healthcare facilities, NDVI, and levels of awareness. Daddavari, Ettugudi, Kodikarai, Vedharanyam, Velankanni, and Thirupoondi face high/extreme cyclone risk. Nagore, Nagapattinam, Pillai, Enangudi, and Sannanllur have low/no threat. To further enhance the precision of the study, machine learning algorithms like SVM, SAM, and MLC were deployed. These models were instrumental in generating pre- and post-cyclone land use maps. The influence of Gaja cyclones effects shows decreasing of agriculture land from 34% to 30%, aquaculture increase 1%, barren land decrease from 8% to 6%, Built-up land decrease from 15% to 13%, land with scrub and salt pan also decrease from 21% to 17% and 10%–8%. Mostly effect of Gaja cyclone is dramatic increase of water body from 8% to 21%. Conducting cyclone risk zone analysis and pre/post-cyclone Land Use Land Cover (LULC) detection in Nagapattinam offers valuable insights for disaster preparedness, infrastructure planning, and climate resilience. This study can enhance understanding of vulnerability and aid in formulating strategies to mitigate cyclone impacts, ensuring sustainable development in the region.

Urban flood hazard assessment in Awka metropolis using multi-criteria decision process

Urban flooding is an escalating global threat, and Awka Metropolis in Anambra state Nigeria is no exception. The city's rapid urbanization and inadequate infrastructure have left it increasingly vulnerable to flooding, exacerbated by the impacts of climate change. Anticipated flood effects include disruption of daily life, infrastructure damage, and threats to public safety, necessitating urgent attention. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of urban flood hazards in Awka Metropolis, utilizing an integrated approach combining the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Flood Hazard Index (FHI) to gauge the city's flood vulnerability. The primary objectives were to identify key geophysical factors contributing to flooding, categorize these factors by their vulnerability, determine their reliability indices, delineate flood-prone zones, and generate a spatial flood extent map. The methodology encompassed data acquisition, pre-processing, Flood Modeling (evaluating slope, Elevation, Drainage Network, and flow accumulation), the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process, and the utilization of the Flood Hazard Index. The results classified Awka Metropolis into three flood risk zones: high (837.84 hectares, 14.70%), moderate (2182.65 hectares, 38.30%), and low (2678.45 hectares, 46.99%). These findings provide indispensable insights into the distribution of flood hazards across the city, enabling urban planners and authorities to strategically allocate resources, prioritize mitigation initiatives, and formulate targeted flood risk reduction strategies. Importantly, the incorporation of stakeholder input enhances the study's practical relevance and applicability in real-world urban planning and disaster management scenarios. In conclusion, this research offers a robust and multidimensional framework for assessing urban flood hazards in Awka Metropolis. The synergy of the Analytical Hierarchy Process and Flood Hazard Index equips urban planners, policymakers, and disaster management agencies to proactively tackle the mounting urban flooding challenges. The study's outcomes contribute to the development of sustainable flood risk reduction measures, ultimately enhancing the resilience of Awka Metropolis to future flood events.