Risk Society Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ПАРАДИГМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ НА СТРУКТУРЫ ЗДОРОВЬЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Objective of the study is to identify the method­ological and methodological possibilities of the philosophy of education in improving the edu­cational process in Russian society. The methodological basis of the research con­sists of the concepts of T. Parsons, E. Durkheim, which allow us to consider human health as a complex system including somatic, psychologi­cal and social structures; the theory of a healthy society by E. Fromm, which substantiates the dependence of human mental health on external social processes; the provisions of the theory of digital transformation of society, revealing the influence of modern technologies on the life­style of a person and society; ideas of the con­cept of “risk society”, allowing to analyze the threats to human health of the digital society.   Research results. This article analyzes the trends of digitalization of society and their nega­tive consequences for human health. The digital  environment carries risks to the physical, psy­chological and social health of a person. Threats to human physical health are caused by total computerization, which contributes to the de­velopment of a sedentary lifestyle, which leads to an increase in diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, respiratory organs and vision. Risks to people’s psychological health are associated with the ac­tive use of digital devices, which has a negative impact on the cognitive, verbal and socioemotional development of the individual. Negative consequences for social health lie in the plane of the emergence of a new form of socialization of the individual - cybersocialization, during which the processes of desocialization of the in­dividual, atomization of society, replacement of the real Self with the virtual Self, the formation of quasi-values.   Prospects of the study. The problem of the in­fluence of the digital paradigm of social devel­opment on the structures of human health is of scientific and practical interest due to the need to understand the risks and threats caused by the digitalization of society, as well as to minimize their negative consequences.   &nbsp

EIA/Amdal in risk society: A study in developing country Indonesia

Although coal mining activities have an Environmental impact assessment EIA/Amdal, these activities still pose serious risks to communities in rural Indonesia. This study links EIA/Amdal with the social context of a risk society. This study aims to evaluate the legitimacy of Amdal for coal mining in Indonesia. The legitimacy of the Amdal for coal mining is based on the beliefs of experts, science, and technology (Rational model). The survey and interviews involved stakeholders in 6 coal mining villages and the Indonesian Mining Experts Association (PERHAPI). The results show that rural stakeholders are increasingly distrustful of Amdal (rational model) in avoiding risk. Meanwhile, mining expert groups still rely on rational models in making environmental decisions.

Disasters in the Anthropocene: a storm in a teacup?

Dramatic alterations to the natural environment due to human activity have produced a permanent rupture in the Earth system; the relative stable epoch of the Holocene has given way to a volatile Anthropocene. Acceptance of these claims means that we now live in this altered physical reality, inviting us to rethink how we conceptualise disasters. Yet, disaster scholars have been hesitant to apply the Anthropocene label and to acknowledge the profound changes that it can bring to the study of disasters. This paper queries whether this label is a necessary adage or unnecessary baggage for disaster studies by examining the possibilities and the challenges associated with engaging with the Anthropocene. An analysis of the concepts, causes, and consequences of disasters reveals how the Anthropocene provides, as the very least, a theoretical heuristic for challenging linear temporal assumptions, the epistemological status of uncertainty, and the location of agency in disaster studies.

Accounting Standard-Setting for an Emission Trading Scheme: The Korean Case

This study examines the participation and interaction of relevant individuals in the process of developing an accounting standard for South Korea’s emission trading scheme (ETS). Despite the enormous accounting implications of such schemes, there is a paucity of research on the development and application of ETS accounting. Ulrich Beck’s and Anthony Giddens’s risk society framework is utilised to scrutinise the process of setting accounting standards—from the agenda-setting stage all the way to the final publication of the standard. In this case study, we take an interpretive approach in analysing the rich data collected through face-to-face interviews with prominent standard-setters, accounting experts and representatives of industry and government. Participant observation and relevant documents were also considered. The findings highlight the political nature of accounting standard-setting and identify the risks and responsibilities of the key agents in the process along with the means of sub-political action taken to influence decisions. We reveal that the agents involved in standard-setting attempted to balance their anthropocentric priorities with ecocentric responsibilities and prioritised the production of a standard with minimal impact on economic, reputational, and operational risk. Having authority as a standard-setter, referring frequently to precedents and, perhaps most importantly, engaging actively with the stakeholders throughout the process seem to have contributed to a widely accepted standard, which can serve as a benchmark for future attempts to factor in ETSs.

Pandemic Detours or New Sustainable Pathways? Post-pandemic Mobility Futures in Danish Cities

ABSTRACT When mobility normality breaks down, new futures can emerge. This paper explores COVID-19 disruptions of everyday mobility in Danish cities and new emerging pathways toward less carbon-intensive mobility futures in the light of the mobile risk society and practice theory. It uses a stakeholder workshop with public transport providers as empirical outset to start conceptualizing new discussions that have emerged in the wake of COVID-19. Through four inquiries into pandemic-induced changes – including reducing, remoding, rescheduling and replacing mobility practices – it discusses how a new critical view on “business as usual” has emerged from the pandemic, especially in relation to public transport and linkage to other transport modes.

Managing risk: social workers’ intervention strategies in cases of domestic abuse against people with learning disabilities

Social workers in England are key professionals involved in addressing safeguarding concerns affecting adults with learning disabilities, including the risk of harm from domestic abuse. This article reports the findings from an empirical study conducted with 15 social workers who participated in a 2-stage interview process. The findings and discussion examine social workers’ approaches to risk management interventions in cases of domestic abuse against adults with learning disabilities. Informed by Beck’s Risk Society theory, our analysis finds that interventions often focus on individuals taking responsibility for managing risk, with either the victim or the social worker becoming the risk decision-maker. Furthermore, in carrying out their work, social workers used bureaucratic tasks to protect the organisation and individual decision-makers from blame. The article concludes with recommendations for practice which explores more holistic understandings of risk and which seeks to promote more collective responses to risk management.

:Infectious Liberty: Biopolitics between Romanticism and Liberalism

:<i>Infectious Liberty: Biopolitics between Romanticism and Liberalism</i>

The Change of Farmer’s Political Trust and Empirical Enlightenment—A Case Study Based on Major Public Health Emergencies

Political trust is a weathervane of people’s recognition and trust of government authority, which directly affects government authority and action force. This paper attempts to explore how political trust is affected by two different government behavior logic, namely risk society management and normal society management. Based on major public health emergencies, this paper, through a thematic study of hundreds of counties and thousands of villages in seven provinces in the Yellow River Basin, finds that political trust enhancement from the central to the grassroots level shows a unique U-shaped curve, further explores the enhancement of political trust and the behavioral logic behind it, and then provided experiences and enlightenment for building a modern governance system.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES IN THE LIFE SITUATIONS OF UKRAINIAN YOUTH

The formation of modern youth takes place in the period of socio-political transformations, directly impacting the life orientations of young people, their behaviour, social-economic situation. These factors contribute to the spread of risks associated with threats to health and life, uncertainty of life start and self-realization, value and regulatory uncertainty. The purpose of the article: to study approaches to identifying risk factors that impact the youth environment. Research methods applied: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature (to clarify the key concepts of the study), systematization (in order to identify existing scientific approaches to solving the problem), theoretical generalization (to formulate the final provisions and conclusions). If earlier scientific researches were mainly concentrated within the limits of natural-scientific and economic courses, now the allocation of a separate interdisciplinary direction − riskology is actual. The majority of young people experience the problem of life-start, which has a negative impact on the working career of young people, their family life and lifestyle and makes young people financially dependent on their parents. Globalization has had a significant impact on the development of the risk society. In the context of globalization, traditional social ties are being destroyed; young people avoid traditional restrictions, but at the same time lose a sense of reliability, stability, confidence in the future and feel anxious and afraid of the need to choose. Therefore, public policy should take into account all the factors that have a negative impact on the youth environment and help minimize the risks and form «socially healthy» youth.

Research on Emergency Response Policy for Public Health Emergencies in China-Based on Content Analysis of Policy Text and PMC-Index Model.

Policy is an important support for risk society to prevent and resolve crises. Based on the content analysis of the policy text and PMC-Index model, this paper takes texts of 327 public health emergency response policies (PHERP) at the central level in China from 1989 to 2022 as the analysis object, designs an indicator system, and combines qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the existing policies. The results of content analysis indicate that current policy focuses on emergency rather than preventive control, the main policy-making and issuing authority is the Ministry of Health and policies are mostly issued in the form of notice. The PMC-Index of ten selected policies is all ranked above acceptable, which means that the overall quality of policy text is relatively high. However, the PMC-Surface shows that there is still considerable variability in the scores of the main indicators for each policy. The top three main scoring indicators are policy nature, policy evaluation and policy instrument, while the bottom three are policy time, policy release agency and policy target groups, which reminds us that the design of policy text can still be improved in terms of optimizing policy time, policy issuing institutions and expanding policy target groups. In response to these problems, this paper puts forward six suggestions for optimization.

EXTREME GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON HUMAN DIMENSION: CHALLENGES OF PROTECTION FOR VULNERABLE PEOPLE

This article is based on the human interaction on Earth, which can generate uncertainties in the environment, with a universal proportion of worsening climate change that points the vulnerabilities to direct experience with socio-environmental risks. The objective was to highlight the changes in the risks of contemporary societies. The method used to approach the system is systematic, through bibliographic, documentary, and normative research. Is possible to demonstrate different scenarios of extreme climate events in all continents, with emphasis in small island States, African, middle-income and development countries in the process of implementing the Sendai Strategic Framework for Risk Reduction, being as a goal the management of sustainability to mitigate the effects arising from human interaction in Gaia. Vulnerable people are most affected by inequalities and exposures in their ways, their qualities, and their living conditions. Human rights come to support this public, whose protection implies the defense of these rights. The current challenges on the subject matter in the practical and immediate implementation of mechanisms to cope with the vulnerabilities created in Risk Societies. This coverage demonstrates that effects on the environment do not only impact on biota (faun and flora), but mainly on multiple human dimensions and societies. In this research it was noticed that the human dimension and the extreme effects of global climate change interact with each other to the point where it is necessary to raise awareness and adopt a rational posture about the potential of socioenvironmental risks that currently affect peoples, especially, vulnerable and environment.

The “bare germs of things to come”: H. G. Wells’s Utopias, Ecological Risk, and the Anthropocene

Recent fiction that portrays future climate-changed worlds might be seen as the foremost cultural expression of what the sociologist Ulrich Beck calls the “speculative age.” For Beck, such an age began as “risk society” emerged with recognition of the unprecedented dangers that modernity brought about as well as its benefits; this reflexive phase of modernity is characterized

NEOLIBERALIZAM I COVID-19 / NEOLIBERALISM AND COVID 19

In this paper, I will explicate neoliberal contribution to human suffering of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. I will give an explanation about connections of modernisation process with social uncertanities and creation of world risk society. I will connect neoliberal capitalist paradigm with basic mechanisms of social uncertanity, showing the modes which contribute to interests of global capital. Exploatation of risk and profiting on human tragedies are one of the ways of capital reproduction, and I will connect that with political and economic practices during the COVID-19 crisis. Above all, I want to show how the commercialization of society neglects basic human welfare and that the domination of ideology of globalism doesn’t have any intentions to make global society more stable place, because it doesn’t know any efficient, on collective wellbeing directed, mechanisms of leading global processes.

Securitization of the Past in a Risk Society: a socio-philosophical analysis

The article examines the concept of securitization from the point of view of social philosophy, determines the need to abandon objectivism or extreme constructivism in the analysis of this concept. The prerequisites for the formation of the security value are analyzed, as well as the main forms of securitization common in modern risk society, in particular, military, political, social, economic and environmental securitization. Special emphasis is placed on the study of the social conditions for the implementation of the securitization strategy. The object of the study is the phenomenon of securitization as a socio-philosophical phenomenon, and the subject of the study is mnemonic securitization as a new form of addressing the problem of security in a modern risk society. The author introduces the concept of securitization as a social practice based on the willingness of the community to perceive a certain natural or social phenomenon as an objectively existing threat. Mnemonic securitization is considered as a fundamentally new type of securitization, which presupposes the desire to present symbolically significant images of the past as an object of influence from ideological opponents. A special contribution to the problems of research is determined by the identification of links between the processes of transformation of collective communities and the emergence of risks of collective identity, which is expressed in the formation of ideas about the need for ontological security and the delegation of powers to protect this form of security by political actors, primarily the state.

NEW ECONOMIC, ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ORDER - THE WAY TO A NEW CIVILIZATION

Topicality. The steady increase of tension in the world, defined by sociologists and politicians as a "global risk society", is one of the main features of the development of modern civilization.The problematization of modern society is moving in the direction of exacerbating the global problems of human life (demography, food, drinking water, ecology, climate change, pandemics, etc.); an increase in the potential for conflict and crisis (military-political, interethnic and religious conflicts, an increase in the gap between rich and poor, an increase in nationalism, radical fundamentalism, etc.).&#x0D; Aim and tasks. The aim of the work is to discuss: topical issues of modern transformations, which are acquiring a stable character of the systemic crisis of society, defined by politicians as a civilizational crisis; to consider the priority directions of the strategy for overcoming the crisis. The anti-crisis strategy is based on the ideologemes of development of a new international economic, ecological and social order, focused on the formation of a new civilization.&#x0D; Research results. The paper assesses the trends of modern negative transformations, which take the form of various challenges and provoke countless threats and dangers for human life and the sustainable development of the world community as a whole. Increasing the intensity of use of the natural habitat of humans and animals is considered one of the main threats to the environment. The paradigm of the development of the "new world", "new international order" (NIO) as an imperative strategy for overcoming the civilizational crisis is considered. Attention is drawn to the features of such basic components of the NIO as the "new international economic order", the new "environmental (economic-environmental) order", "the new social order". In the context of the NIO, issues of enhancing the role of the UN, other international organizations and the international community as a whole in solving the problems of survival and sustainable development are being discussed.&#x0D; Conclusion. The paper argues that the development of an integrated "new international order" will serve as the basis for the formation of a new civilization of the approaching era of artificial intelligence. The analytical generalizations of the problems of modern globalization and the aggravation of crisis phenomena carried out in this paper provide grounds for the assertion that effective solutions to the tasks of ensuring security and sustainable development of human survival are connected with the formation of international order (NIO) - economic, environmental and social. The implementation of the NIO on the principles of noospherization and artificial intelligence will be the basis for the formation of a new prosperous civilization.

‘You probably have a parasite’: Neoliberal risk and the discursive construction of the body in the wellness industry

AbstractIn this article, I ask how the body is discursively constructed within the wellness industry. I analyze a corpus of articles from the Goop franchise, examining how bodies are constructed, and how subjects are impelled to act within contemporary neoliberal risk culture. Corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis reveals that the body is ultimately constructed as unwell and at risk, by virtue of its presence in the environment. Faced with this inescapable risk, the neoliberal citizen is responsible for managing the self in ever-increasing domains. I link the particularities of this discursive embodiment to larger cultural imperatives of self-surveillance, discipline, and control, and argue that it is particularly a white female subject who is interpellated within this discourse. Throughout, the wellness industry is revealed as propelling the interminable cycle of the project of the self, and as a contemporary mechanism for the reproduction of docile white female bodies. (Discursive embodiment, neoliberal ideology, risk society, corpus analysis, critical discourse analysis, feminist critique)*

Genetically Modified Food in the New Risk Society

Genetically Modified Food in the New Risk Society

A Study on the Development of Convergence Liberal Arts Subject Based on Ecological Literature

Ecological literature fundamentally has a convergence nature in that it combines “ecology” and “literature.” Its significance has been highlighted anew in the recent COVID-19 pandemic situation. This study aims to analyze liberal arts subjects related to ecological education and examine their achievements and limitations, thus proposing a new convergence liberal arts subject.&lt;/br&gt;For these purposes, the investigator analyzed “The Environment and Humanities” at S University and “A Future Environment and Risk Society” at D University. Both the subjects have huge significance in that they are designed to be integrated with various academic areas for study. “The Environment and Humanities” leaves room for improvement as it may not help students themselves integrate each content piece fully organically. “A Future Environment and Risk Society” has concerns with the possibility that the success and failure of its lecture can be determined by the abilities and levels of subject developers.&lt;/br&gt;The study proposed a tentative subject “Ecological Crises in Ecological Literature” to solve these problems. In the former part, it covers sequentially seven topics related to an ecological crisis including water quality, atmosphere, soil, nuclear weapons, criticism of civilization, apocalyptic future, and life. In the latter part, it selects a work related to one of the seven topics for each team, analyzes its content, and proposes ways to overcome an ecological crisis in it. The lectures in Week O, for instance, will help students cultivate their natural science knowledge and recognize the reality of water contamination via various media based on Lee Hyeong-gi's &lt;i&gt;BOD PPM&lt;/i&gt; and then provide discussion and debate activities to analyze &lt;i&gt;Bhêchadjaguru Shall Not Come&lt;/i&gt; by Choi Seong-gak and find fundamental alternatives. Such activities are expected to help students develop their ecological sensibility and embody ecological ethics.

Civil liability in the context of disaster law: a sustainable recovery based on gender equality in Latin America and the Caribbean

This paper aims to analyze civil liability in the light of disaster law, within the paradigm of risk society, based on a sustainable recovery found on gender equality in Latin America and the Caribbean. The proposed theme is justified providing the situation of vulnerability in which humanity is, especially Latin America and the Caribbean, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding the research results, it is clear that by approaching a sustainable recovery based on gender equality, it is proposed to rebuild a new post-pandemic development model of COVID-19, in compliance with the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. Importantly, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are at the heart of the 2030 Agenda and show an open, indivisible perspective and renewed international collaboration. In this research, among the 17 SDGs, we will address SDG 5 – Gender Equality as the basis for the reconstruction of Latin America and the Caribbean post-pandemic COVID-19.

Rethinking the Blackstone Ratio with Global Public Opinion: Crime Control and Due Process

Abstract Both the Blackstone ratio and due process are cornerstones of classical philosophy in criminal law and justice around the world. However, less consideration has been paid to contemporary society and whether the public shares this theoretical approach. Using data from four waves of the International Social Survey Programme, examining public attitudes towards controlling habitual criminals and suspected terrorists across countries, I offer evidence for how preference towards authorities’ reactions (a proxy of fear of crime) affects preferences about judicial errors. My analysis shows that (i) the public supports the authorities in taking action against criminals and terrorists without a court order, though in different proportions depending on the specific means at hand; (ii) the apparent paradox of public support for the elegance of due process and fear of crime can be explained by the difficult reality of controlling criminals; (iii) absolute proponents consider type one errors to be worse and thus will not support any measures being taken, while absolute proponents consider type two errors to be worse and steps therefore need to be taken to prevent communities from the risk from crime or terrorist attacks; (iv) members of the public who favour proactive policing are significantly less likely to consider type one errors to be worse than type two; and (v) citizens across countries share the above features in a longitudinal survey. Legislators, law professors, and criminologists in transitional risk societies around the world should reconsider their justification of anti-Blackstonian theory and the crime control model.