Risk Priority Research Articles

ANALISIS KEGAGALAN LUBRICATION SYSTEM AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU) PESAWAT

The Boeing aircraft is the newest variant of the Boeing 737 aircraft. During operation, various problems will certainly be found. One of the problems that occurs is the failure of the APU Lubrication System. The right type of maintenance is needed to minimize or prevent failure. The method used is the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Risk Priority Number (RPN) methods. The first step is to identify failures in each component. each failure mode and failure effect that occurs in each component is translated into the FMEA table. The conclusion obtained is identification of failures that occur in the APU lubrication system, namely there are 22 failures in the APU lubrication system, 11 cases of Oil clog failure, 7 cases of Oil leak failure, 4 cases of Oil Temperatue failure. Failure cases that have a high critical failure modes are oil clog with an RPN value of 288 and oil leak with an RPN value of 256, while moderate critical failure modes is oil temperature with an RPN value of 168.

Advance Landslide Prediction and Warning Model Based on Stacking Fusion Algorithm

In landslide disaster warning, a variety of monitoring and warning methods are commonly adopted. However, most monitoring and warning methods cannot provide information in advance, and serious losses are often caused when landslides occur. To advance the warning time before a landslide, an innovative advance landslide prediction and warning model based on a stacking fusion algorithm using Baishuihe landslide data is proposed in this paper. The Baishuihe landslide area is characterized by unique soil and is in the Three Gorges region of China, with a subtropical monsoon climate. Based on Baishuihe historical data and real-time monitoring of the landslide state, four warning level thresholds and trigger conditions for each warning level are established. The model effectively integrates the results of multiple prediction and warning submodels to provide predictions and advance warnings through the fusion of two stacking learning layers. The possibility that a risk priority strategy can be used as a substitute for the stacking model is also discussed. Finally, an experimental simulation verifies that the proposed improved model can not only provide advance landslide warning but also effectively reduce the frequency of false warnings and mitigate the issues of traditional single models. The stacking model can effectively support disaster prevention and reduction and provide a scientific basis for land use management.

P-012 Time, risk & motion study of an integrated artificial intelligence robotic system for semen analysis

Abstract Study question Can integration of a robotic system for semen analysis reduce operational failure modes and eliminate risk in the IVF laboratory? Summary answer A robotic system for semen analysis reduces operational failure modes and eliminates severe risks including those associated with reduced patient experience and increased patient stress. What is known already Recently, the ever-evolving field of IVF has experienced a rise in innovations to boost laboratory performance. Considering the lack of robust evidence in some of them, decisions on implementation are often based on opinion and product cost. Currently, an approach to assess risk, time and effectiveness has not been fully described. IVF is not error-free (Sakkas et al., 2018), hence all new technology coming into the laboratory ought to reduce risk of errors happening. Study design, size, duration Failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) was carried out on the workflow integration into an IVF centre (>500 cycles per annum) to evaluate the possible procedural risks of manual semen analysis compared to a digitalised pathway. Possible sources of error were identified, and the Risk Priority Number (RPN), a product of likelihood, severity and detection of incidence was associated with each risk, as previously described by Rienzi et al., 2015. Participants/materials, setting, methods Using a systematic decision-making approach to quantify the value of incorporating the use of a robotic system (Mojo AISA) for semen analysis. Main results and the role of chance Five process phases were identified for conventional specimen analysis. There were eight associated process steps and 29 failure modes, among which 13 risks were given a moderate (RPN 15-50, i.e. data entry errors, incorrect count and sperm classification) and three were severe RPNs (RPN>50), resulting in reduction in efficacy of treatment. Protocol using the robotic system resulted in a reduction of process phases to four and failure modes to 16, with four moderate and none severe RPNs. Implementation of the robotic system improved workflow by optimising time in motion for the IVF specialist and further reducing active time by at least 30%. Limitations, reasons for caution FMEA is a proactive method to identify potential incidents and help to develop strategies to mitigate risks. Ultimately, this forms part of a scheme for responsible development. The likelihood of incidences and time analysis were estimated based on clinical experience. Risks inherent to sample handling remained present. Wider implications of the findings The robotic system has the potential to eliminate risks that exist when manually inputting data to electronic medical records, whilst offering support to IVF specialists. Trial registration number not applicable

Risk Assessment and Reliability Analysis of Oil Pump Unit Based on D-S Evidence Theory

Oil pumps are crucial equipment in pipeline transportation, and their safe and reliable operation is essential for the smooth and efficient operation of the oil station and associated pipelines. The failure of oil pumps can result in significant consequences, making it crucial to evaluate their safety for effective maintenance and reliable system prediction. Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) is a quantitative fault analysis technique that assigns priority to fault modes using the risk priority number (RPN). However, the RPN may not accurately express uncertainty judgments of risk factors given by multiple experts. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a novel FMECA method based on the D-S evidence theory. The method involves using interval form to obtain risk factor evaluations from experts and data combination to obtain a multi-value representation of the RPN for each fault mode. The prioritization of fault modes is optimized using confidence and fidelity distribution to eliminate multiple modes of the same level. Finally, the normalization method is used to determine the risk degree ranking of oil pump units. Overall, the proposed method is an effective and practical approach for the risk evaluation and reliability analysis of oil pump units.

ANALISA MITIGASI RISIKO MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOKAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN HOUSE OF RISK PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR TEPUNG AGAR-AGAR INSTAN

Every company must have a good supply chain flow to support the company's development. A series of complex supply chain processes makes business processes unavoidable from risks that have a negative impact. Some risk events that are often found include the inability of suppliers to fulfill orders on the specified date, problems experienced by machines, and others. To overcome the risks that arise, it is necessary to manage supply chain risk management using the House of Risk (HOR) approach. The HOR method consists of 2 phases, HOR phase 1 focuses on risk events and priority handling of risk sources (risk agents) that will be subject to risk mitigation assistance measures to deal with negative pathways from these risks. While HOR phase 2 focuses on designing mitigation actions that will be applied to companies to deal with the negative impacts of risks and prevent risks from happening again. The results of the study showed that there were 47 risk events and 48 risk agents with 2 priority risk agents. Thus, 8 risk mitigation action strategies and 3 priority risk mitigation action strategies have been set to mitigate the existing risk agents.

Analysis of risk factors for the formation of functional disorders 
 of the respiratory system in metalworking employees

Introduction. Employees of the main occupations of metalworking production are exposed to a complex of harmful production and non-production factors contributing to the formation of bronchopulmonary pathology. The identification of priority factors leading to the development of diseases of the respiratory system is important in order to develop methods of effective prevention of bronchopulmonary diseases in employees of the metalworking industry. 
 Materials and methods. As part of the cross-sectional study, the medical and social aspects and the health status of three hundred metalworking employees were studied. A hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labour process was carried out. The results of the study were statistically processed using the Statistica 10 software.
 Results. There was a discrepancy in the number of workers with an established diagnosis of bronchopulmonary disease and the number of workers complaining from the respiratory system and having physical and spirometric disorders. Workers were established to be exposed to a complex of harmful chemicals of hazard classes 1–4, having an irritating, carcinogenic, sharply directed mechanism of action on the human body (classes 2–3.2) and aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action (class 2). The harmful chemical factor affecting metalworking employees did not have a significant effect on the formation of functional disorders of the respiratory system. The priority risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology in metalworking employees is the use of tobacco smoking products.
 Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (metalworking employees) limitations.
 Conclusion. The priority risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology is the use of smoking tobacco products, and the impact of a harmful chemical factor that had an insignificant effect on the formation of functional disorders of the respiratory system of metalworking employees.

The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on global real estate capital flows

PurposeCOVID-19 has had a significant global impact at many levels, including an impact on global real estate capital flows. This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on global real estate capital flows over 2019–2022 to clearly articulate the extent of this impact on global real estate capital flows across regions, countries, major cities, real estate sub-sectors and by major real estate investors. Drivers of these global real estate capital flow changes are also identified. The strategic real estate investment implications of this impact are highlighted, as well as the implications going forward concerning the global real estate strategies for the real estate portfolios held by institutional investors.Design/methodology/approachTo assess the impact of COVID-19, the Real Capital Analytics (RCA) database of global real estate transactions over 2019–2022 is used to drill-out critical details on commercial real estate transactions to explore specific trends in global real estate capital flows in this period of the COVID-19 crisis. This includes real estate capital flows to specific regions, countries, cities, real estate sub-sectors as well as the role of major real estate investors.FindingsThe impact of COVID-19 is clearly shown with the major decline in global real estate capital flows in 2020, with a strong recovery in 2021. Reduced levels of real estate capital flows in 2022 reflect different risk dynamics, where 2022 has seen investors move on from the COVID-19 environment. In 2022, the risk of COVID-19 for real estate has been replaced by global real estate risk factors such as inflation concerns, geopolitical tensions, economic growth concerns, increased cost of debt issues and supply chain issues. This sees COVID-19 now rated as only the 6th most important risk factor in real estate investment decision-making for real estate investors in the Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and Asia–Pacific.Practical implicationsThis research has clearly shown the extent of the impact of COVID-19 on global real estate capital flows, as well as identifying the drivers of these real estate capital flow changes. It highlights that real estate investors have moved on and are now prioritising new risk factors ahead of COVID-19 risk. These critical risk factors reflect more recent financial, economic and geopolitical issues, which are key issues in real estate investment decision-making going forward. Investors need to structure these new risk factors into their real estate investment decision-making for the ongoing management of their domestic and international real estate portfolios.Originality/valueThis paper is the first published empirical research analysis of global real estate capital flows during the COVID-19 crisis. This research provides major insights on real estate investment decision-making during this crisis and the strategic changes seen in acquiring real estate portfolios in response to this major global crisis. The change in real estate risk priorities in 2022 as real estate investors move on from the COVID-19 environment is also identified and is clearly reflected in the 2022 global real estate capital flows.

Integrated innovative technique to assess and priorities risks associated with drought: Impacts, measures/strategies, and actions, global study

In the summer of 2022, climate change significantly affected several parts of the world, causing drought in many countries. Drought is a natural hazard considered a significant future challenge for society and agriculture. Due to climate change, drought is predicted to become more frequent, last longer, and be more intense. This study aims to assess the drought risk priorities and evaluate the efficient solutions/strategies worldwide to achieve drought resilience. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature screening was performed to identify the drought impacts on the agriculture sector and the most commonly used adaptation techniques. A well-designed survey that targeted drought experts across the world was designed where they ranked both the identified drought impacts and the associated potential solutions. Finally, a participatory integrated innovative approach utilizing the failure Modes and Effects Analysis and ‘Analytic Hierarchy Process (FMEA-AHP) was performed to assess the impact of drought risk factors and identify the best strategy accordingly. Results were presented to depict the drought effect on each agriculture sector in each county and even more in each geographical region worldwide. The research output provided a comprehensive vision of the drought risk priorities in each country with a direct link to reduction or adaptation strategies, which provide an efficient tool for the decision-maker and planner toward drought-resilient societies.

Analisis Tingkat Pemborosan Waktu Pelayanan Poli Mata Dengan Value Stream Mapping Dan Value Stream Analysis Pada RSU Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Muhammadiyah Ponorogo General Hospital is one of the private hospitals in Ponorogo Regency. At this time the Muhammadiyah Ponorogo General Hospital has received Plenary accreditation from the Indonesian Hospital Accreditation Institute (LARSI). The problem that is often faced by hospitals is that there is a lot of waste that occurs in the service process at the Eye Polyclinic of RSU Muhammadiyah Ponorogo. The most critical level of waste for eye polyclinic services is waiting with a weighting value of 4.00, waste inventory with a value of 3.16, waste overproduction with a weighting value of 3.00, waste defects with a weighting value of 2.91 , waste inappropriate processing with a weight value of 2.66, waste unnecessary motion with a weight value of 2.58, waste transportation with a weight value of 1.41, and waste underutilized abilities of people with a weight value of 2.25. The initial activity time before the repair was 14,677 seconds or 244 minutes (4 hours) and after the repair was reduced to 6,577 seconds or 109 minutes (1 hour 61 minutes). The highest waste is waiting, namely doctors often do not come on time and there is a lack of nurses or pharmacists in the pharmacy with a Risk Priority Number (RPN) score of 252 and 224. Recommendations for improvement that can be proposed are adding doctors to the eye poly department to reduce doctor delays because there are surgery schedules that often collide with the schedule for opening eye poly services and adding medical personnel to the pharmacy department, to reduce queues you can use a drug delivery application that can be accessed by patients without having to queue again at the hospital.

Application of FMEA methods in Minh Duong furniture company in Vietnam

This paper aims to apply FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) tools in the wood production process of Minh Duong Wood Company. In this study, the process evaluation indicators according to FMEA were analyzed such as failure severity - S (Severity value), failure frequency - O (Occurrence number), error detection ability. failure - D (Detection number), risk priority factor - RPN (Risk Priority Number). The research results show that the failure modes of the process have been systematically and comprehensively identified. Fault types are ranked as priority for improvement and corresponding solutions have been proposed.

The Development of Strategies to Increase the Productivity of Fisheries Agro-industry Based on Halal Product Assurance System Using Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA)

Indonesian food products need to comply with halal regulations, including the ones from fisheries-based agro-industry. The absence of halal certificates will limit the market and consequently will lead to the risk of lower productivity performance. This study aims to identify sources of risk in the fisheries agro-industry based on Indonesia’s Halal Assurance System called Sistem Jaminan Produk Halal (SJPH). It conducts risk assessments and develops strategies to increase the productivity performance of the industry based on the identified risks. The criteria considered in the risk identification including commitment and responsibility, raw material, production process, final product as well as monitoring and evaluation. The research used Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA). The data was collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. All identified risks were then evaluated and eliminated based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The research was conducted on ten fisheries-based agro-industries in the Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The study shows that there are 22 sources of risk, with the highest-ranked one is training activity. The recommended strategy to increase the halal-based productivity performance is strengthening the commitment of all involved stakeholders, increasing human resources' knowledge, improving facilities and infrastructure as well as strengthening monitoring and evaluation using management information systems.

Risk Management for Surface Plants in Mines Using Risk Matrix and BowTie Analysis

Surface plants in mines are important parts of a mine operation. There exist offices, common areas, repair and maintenance shops, compressed air facilities, hydraulic facilities, areas where mine machinery and parts are stacked, transportation cranes and mine stock areas in surface plants. Therefore, while the mining operations are continuing, it is necessary to control all the work in the surface plants in terms of work safety and health. In this study, the risk matrix method is used to identify and prioritize the risks of surface plants in a mine. Then, the highest priority risk, which is found to be "Stock area and work environment", is considered using bowtie analysis. Four threats are determined for "Stock area and work environment" risk. These are improper ore or coal stock area, insufficient lighting in night works, lack of maintenance of field crane and dusty work environment. These threats are also modelled using bowtie analysis. As a result of this study, these threats, corresponding barriers and consequences can be managed by safety and operational engineers.

Potential Toxic elements in shellfish from three rivers in Niger Delta, Nigeria: bioaccumulation, dietary intake, and human health risk assessment

Human health risks associated with the consumption of three shellfish (<i>Penaeus monodon, Crassostrea rhizophorae</i>, and <i>Tympanostomus fuscatus</i>) harvested from the Buguma, Krakrama, and Bonny Rivers in the Niger Delta region were evaluated in this study. The bioaccumulation of potential toxic elements (PTEs) [Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Nickel (Ni)] was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The pollution index (PPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), total hazard index (HI), target cancer risk (CR), and total cancer risk (TCR) were evaluated for potential human health risks. The bioaccumulation levels of PTEs in shellfish samples followed the order: Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd > As and were above standard recommended limits except for inorganic As levels observed in <i>T. fuscatus</i> and <i>P. monodon</i> samples from Krakrama and Bonny and <i>C. rhizophorae</i> from Bonny river. The EDI values for iAs, Cr, and Ni were lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI), however, the EDI of Cd for children in <i>P. monodon</i> (4.6E-03 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>), <i>T. fuscatus</i> (1.7E-03 mg kg-<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>) and C. rhizophorae (1.4E-03 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>) from Buguma were higher than the TDI value (8.00E-04 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>). The HI values were above 1. The total cancer risk (TCR) values of all analyzed PTEs for all the shellfish species from the rivers for children and adults ranged from 8.69E-04 to 2.47E-03 and 1.86E-03 to 5.30E-03 respectively and these were higher than the priority risk level (1E-04), hence, the need to monitor shellfish consumption in the study area.

Toxicity and risk priority ranking of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): A relative receptor-bound concentration approach

Toxicity and risk priority ranking of chemicals are crucial to management and decision-making. In this work, we develop a new mechanistic ranking approach of toxicity and risk priority ranking for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) based on receptor-bound concentration (RBC). Based on the binding affinity constant predicted using molecular docking, internal concentration converted from human biomonitoring data via PBPK model, and the receptor concentration derived from the national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) database, the RBC of 49 PBDEs binding to 24 nuclear receptors were calculated. 1176 RBC results were successfully obtained and analyzed. High brominated PBDEs, including BDE-201, BDE-205, BDE-203, BDE-196, BDE-183, BDE-206, BDE-207, BDE-153, BDE-208, BDE-204, BDE-197, and BDE-209, exerted more potent than low brominated congeners (BDE-028, BDE-047, BDE-099, and BDE-100) at the same daily intake dose in terms of toxicity ranking. For risk ranking, with human biomonitoring serum data, the relative RBC of BDE-209 was significantly greater than that of any others. For receptor prioritization, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA), and liver X receptor alpha (LXRA) may be the sensitive targets for PBDEs to trigger effects in the liver. In summary, high brominated PBDEs are more potent than low brominated congeners, thus, besides BDE-047 and BDE-099, BDE-209 should be priority controlled. In conclusion, this study provides a new approach for toxicity and risk ranking of groups of chemicals, which can readily be used for others.

Occupational Accident Risk Analysis using Failure Mode and Analysis Method: A Case Study of X City Main Market Development Project

Construction Projects are a work sector that has a high level of work accident risk. This is due to the lack of awareness of the importance of implementing a good Construction Safety Management System (SMKK) following applicable laws and regulations, often the application of the Construction Safety Management System on a project is considered only as a costly expense, not as an investment to prevent work accidents but only is considered to provide a level of loss from the project itself. But, in the construction of the Main Market of City X, there was a work accident; an analysis was carried out using the Failure Mode And analysis method, several works with a high-risk level, namely formwork demolition work, installation work and WF steel assembly work with each value of 48 risk priority numbers with a risk map value of 19, ceiling frame assembly work with a value of 36 risk priority number with a risk map value of 17, Pile head bore work, ceiling material transportation work from storage, test commissioning work with each value of 32 risk priority numbers with a risk map value of 19.

Analytical Quality by Design-Driven RP-HPLC Method Conditions to Concomitantly Determine Cinnarizine and Morin Hydrate in Combined Drug Solution and Dual Drug-Loaded Formulations.

The replacement of traditional oils with a camphor and menthol-based eutectic mixture is done to prepare oil-less emulsion-like dispersions for co-delivery of cinnarizine (CNZ) and morin hydrate (MH) for managing Meniére's disease (MD). Since two drugs are loaded into the dispersions, the development of a suitable reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for their simultaneous analysis becomes inevitable. By applying the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach, the RP-HPLC method conditions were optimized for the concomitant determination of two drugs. The systematic AQbD started with identifying critical method attributes (CMA) through an Ishikawa fishbone diagram, risk estimation matrix, and risk priority number-based failure mode effect analysis followed by screening using fractional factorial design and optimization by face-centered central composite design. The concomitant determination of two drugs by the optimized RP-HPLC method condition was substantiated via specificity checking using combined drug solution, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release of the two drugs from emulsion-like dispersions. The AQbD optimized RP-HPLC method conditions revealed the retention time for CNZ and MH at 5.017 and 5.323, respectively. The studied validation parameters were found within the ICH-prescribed limits. Exposing the individual drug solutions to acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions yielded extra chromatographic peaks for MH, probably due to the degradation of MH. The DEE % values of 87.40 ± 4.70 and 74.79 ± 2.94, respectively, were noticed for CNZ and MH in emulsion-like dispersions. More than 98% CNZ and MH release was occurred from emulsion-like dispersions within 30 min post-dissolution in artificial perilymph. Overall, the AQbD approach could be helpful for systematic optimization of RP-HPLC method conditions to estimate concomitantly other therapeutic moieties. The proposed article shows the successful application of AQbD for the optimization of RP-HPLC method conditions to concomitantly estimate CNZ and MH in combined drug solution and dual-drug-loaded emulsion-like dispersions.

Implementing failure mode and effect analysis to improve the safety of volumetric modulated arc therapy for total body irradiation.

Volumetric-modulated arc therapy for total body irradiation (VMAT-TBI) is a novel radiotherapy technique that has been implemented at our institution. The purpose of this work is to investigate possible failure modes (FMs) in the treatment process and to develop a quality control (QC) program for VMAT-TBI following TG-100 guidelines. We formed a multidisciplinary team to map out the complete treatment process of VMAT-TBI following the AAPM TG-100 guidelines. This process map gives a visual representation of the VMAT-TBI workflow from the CT simulation, image processing, contouring, treatment planning, to treatment delivery. From the process map, potential FMs were identified. The occurrence (O), detectability (D), and severity of impact (S) of each FM were assigned according to scoring criteria (1-10) by the multidisciplinary team. A risk priority number (RPN) was calculated from average O, S, and D of each FM (RPN=O x S x D). High risk FMs were identified as 20% of the FMs having the highest RPN scores. After the FMEA analysis, fault-tree analysis (FTA) was performed for each major step of the treatment process to determine the effects of potential failures to the treatment outcome. Effective QC methods were identified to prevent the high risk failures and to improve the safety of the VMAT-TBI program. We identified a total of 55 sub-processes and 128 FMs from the VMAT-TBI workflow. The top five high-risk FMs were: (1) Prescription and/or OAR constraints changed during planning and not communicated to the planner, (2) Patient moves or breathes too heavily during the upper body CT scan (3) Patient moves during the lower body CT scan, (4) Treatment planning system not calculating total body DVH metrics correctly for TBI, (5) Improper optimization criteria used or not sufficient optimization, resulting in suboptimal dose coverage, OAR sparing or excessive hotspots during treatment planning. Two FMs have average severity scores ≥8: Incorrect PTV subdivision/isocenter placement and Prescription and/or OAR constraints changed during planning and not communicated to the planner. Quality assurance and QC interventions including staff training, standard operating procedures, and quality checklists were implemented based on the FMEA and FTA. FM and effect analysis was performed to identify high-risk FMs of our VMAT-TBI program. FMEA and FTA were effective in identifying potential FMs and determining the best quality management (QM) measures to implement in the VMAT-TBI program.

A developed gained and lost dominance score method for risk prioritization in FMEA with Fermatean fuzzy information

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is one of the most effective means for potential systematic risk assessment in a real work environment. Nevertheless, the traditional FMEA approach has been extensively criticized for many deficiencies in coping with risk evaluation and prioritization problems under inter-uncertain environments. To overcome the limitations, in this paper, a synthesized risk priority calculation framework is proposed for FMEA by combining the gained and lost dominance score (GLDS) method, the combination ordered weighted averaging (C-OWA) operator, and Fermatean fuzzy set (FFS). Firstly, we use FFS to express the experts’ uncertain risk evaluation information which can depict the fuzziness and ambiguity of the information. Secondly, the C-OWA operator combined with FFS is introduced to build the group risk matrix which can provide a more reasonable risk analysis result. Then, the developed GLDS method with FFS is presented to calculate the risk priority of each failure mode which takes both individual and group risk attitudes into consideration. Finally, a medical device risk analysis case is introduced to demonstrate the proposed FMEA framework. We also perform comparison analyses to confirm the effectiveness and rationality of the hybrid risk prioritization framework for FMEA under a complex and uncertain situation.

Failure mode and Effect Analysis of personal fall arrest system under the intuitionistic fuzzy environment

Background and aimsIntuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) theory is more powerful than classic fuzzy sets theory in handling uncertainty. A new approach for Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) was developed based on IFS and group decision-making (known as IF-FMEA) for investigating Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS). MethodFMEA parameters, including occurrence, consequence, and detection, were re-defined based on a seven-point linguistic scale. Each linguistic term was associated with an intuitionistic triangular fuzzy set. Opinions on the parameters were gathered from a panel of experts, integrated using the similarity aggregation method, and defuzzified utilizing the center of gravity approach. ResultsNine failure modes were identified and analyzed using both FMEA and IF-FMEA. The risk priority numbers (RPNs) and prioritization obtained from the two approaches were different, highlighting the importance of using IFS. The highest RPN was associated with the lanyard web failure, while the failure of the anchor D-ring had the least RPN. Detection score was higher for metal parts of the PFAS, suggesting that failures in these parts are harder to detect. ConclusionIn addition to being economical in terms of calculations, the proposed method was efficient in handling uncertainty. Different parts of a PFAS create different levels of risk.

Lean six sigma methodology for waste reduction in ship production

This study was conducted to reduce the amount of waste in ship production and assembly processes at PT ES. Several wastes during the ship production process result in the actual ship completion time being longer than the planning time set by the process planner. Therefore, accurate analysis is required to reduce waste. In this way, contributing factors can be identified, and more effective solutions can be obtained to reduce waste. This is done by implementing the Lean Six Sigma method (DMAIC processes) and several tools and methods, such as Pareto and fishbone diagrams and the FMEA method. The results show that the most critical potential root cause affecting production delays comes from the potential causes with the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) value. The causes are welders who do not understand the WPS (RPN 432), unstable welding transformers (RPN 432), and unproductive loader movements (RPN 384). The recapitulation of welding defects produced in the production process at a sigma level of 2.48. Recommendations for the three potential critical wastes were made and planned for implementation. The estimated average RPN impairment for the three critical root causes was 32.3%. This condition will impact the total ship production time, which is 6% shorter (equivalent to 14 days) than the previous production time with a new sigma level of 2.55.