Risk Of Traffic Accidents Research Articles

Comorbility symptoms in AHDH adult patients

IntroductionAdults may continue suffering AHDH symptoms after this condition is recognized and typified in children. Different works provide evidence that adults have an even more complicated variety of psychiatric disorders than children, as an increased risk of problems stemming from substance abuse, depression, anxiety, increased risk of traffic accidents, and also sexual transmission diseases.ObjectivesThere was known that adults could continue suffering symptoms derived from his infantile ADHD. We wonder if the majority of the young males derived to our consultation present compatible symptoms with adult ADHD. This condition promotes the onset of substance use and may lead to latent psychosis onset.MethodsWe analyzed 39 patients derived by suspicion of psychiatric pathology, aged between 17 and 35. They stem to clinical psychology for study of features of personality (Million Questionnaire). Another questionnaire was used also autoapplied for sifted of the ADHD in adults (ASRS_V1:1). According to the criteria DSM-IV TR, the patient had moderate symptoms of ADHD if it was fulfilling 6 or more diagnostic criteria according to their answers in the screening questionnaire.ResultsThe results supported the existence of impulsivity, aggression, irritability, problems with compliance and substance abuse.ConclusionsADHD is not only a problem of distractibility or worry, but a deeper and extensive alteration caused by the deterioration of a set of cerebral activities. An early treatment in the childhood could prevent devastating consequences for their development, since they include the majority of the functional areas of the patient and it impedes their later social and labor adjustment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

The Prevalence of Several Risky Driving Behaviors and Associated Crash Risk in Adolescent: A Population-Based Study of Tuscany Region.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of numerous risky driving behaviors (RDBs) and the associated risk of road traffic accidents (RTA) in a population-based sample of adolescent drivers (14–19 years) of Tuscany, Italy. Methods: The frequency of participation -by age and sex- often RDBs were investigated: Multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the association between RDBs and the risk of RTA and severe RTA. Results: 2,737 adolescents were included in the study. Talking to passenger(s), listening to loud music, speeding, and texting showed the highest weekly participation rates. For all the considered RDBs, the frequency of participation significantly increased with age. Males reported a significantly higher participation in speeding, DUI of alcohol or drugs; while females reported listening to loud music and talking to passenger(s) more frequently. All the considered RDBs were significantly associated with the risk of RTA and severe RTA. Conclusion: The prevalence of RDBs and the associated risk of RTA largely varied in adolescents. Findings provide evidence for tailoring prevention interventions and suggest the need to include common- but traditionally overlooked- RDBs in road safety campaigns.

Multi-sensor fusion algorithm in cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system for blind spot warning

With the rapid development of electric vehicles and artificial intelligence technology, the automatic driving industry has entered a rapid development stage. However, there is a risk of traffic accidents due to the blind spot of vision, whether autonomous vehicles or traditional vehicles. In this article, a multi-sensor fusion perception method is proposed, in which the semantic information from the camera and the range information from the LiDAR are fused at the data layer and the LiDAR point cloud containing semantic information is clustered to obtain the type and location information of the objects. Based on the sensor equipments deployed on the roadside, the sensing information processed by the fusion method is sent to the nearby vehicles in real-time through 5G and V2X technology for blind spot early warning, and its feasibility is verified by experiments and simulations. The blind spot warning scheme based on roadside multi-sensor fusion perception proposed in this article has been experimentally verified in the closed park, which can obviously reduce the traffic accidents caused by the blind spot of vision, and is of great significance to improve traffic safety.

A Study on the Analysis of Dangerous Driving Behavior and Traffic Accident Risk according to the Operation Characteristics of Commercial Freight Vehicles

A Study on the Analysis of Dangerous Driving Behavior and Traffic Accident Risk according to the Operation Characteristics of Commercial Freight Vehicles

Clustering of Road Traffic Accidents as a Gestalt Problem

This paper introduces and illustrates an approach to automatically detecting and selecting “critical” road segments, intended for application in circumstances of limited human or technical resources for traffic monitoring and management. The reported study makes novel contributions at three levels. At the specification level, it conceptualizes “critical segments” as road segments of spatially prolonged and high traffic accident risk. At the methodological level, it proposes a two-stage approach to traffic accident clustering and selection. The first stage is devoted to spatial clustering of traffic accidents. The second stage is devoted to selection of clusters that are dominant in terms of number of accidents. At the implementation level, the paper reports on a prototype system and illustrates its functionality using publicly available real-life data. The presented approach is psychologically inspired to the extent that it introduces a clustering criterion based on the Gestalt principle of proximity. Thus, the proposed algorithm is not density-based, as are most other state-of-the-art clustering algorithms applied in the context of traffic accident analysis, but still keeps their main advantages: it allows for clusters of arbitrary shapes, does not require an a priori given number of clusters, and excludes “noisy” observations.

Obstructive sleep apnea and road traffic accidents: a Danish nationwide cohort study

Study objectivesIn this nationwide study, we investigate the risk and severity of all road traffic accidents in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MethodsWe used the unique Danish registries to identify all Danish citizens receiving a diagnosis of OSA between 1995 and 2015. As a reference cohort, we randomly selected 10 sex- and age-matched citizens for each patient. We used Poisson regression to calculate the incidens rate ratio (IRR) for all road traffic accidents (motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian) in both groups, and Cox proportional regression analysis to compare risk of first motor vehicle accident. Lastly, we used Fischers’ Exact test to compare severity of motor vehicle accident between the two groups- ResultsWe identified 48,168 patients with OSA, covering up to 24 years of follow-up. Patients with OSA had an increased risk of road traffic accidents when compared with the reference cohort (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10–1.20; IRR: 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14–1.29), especially motor vehicle accidents (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18–1.39; IRR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20–1.42). The risk of accidents as pedestrian or bicyclist were not increased. Further, patients with OSA had a tendency to be involved in more severe motor vehicle accidents. ConclusionsThis is the first nationwide study to estimate the risk of all road traffic accidents in patients with OSA. Our estimates show that patients with OSA have an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, and greater severity of accidents, when compared with a large reference cohort.

Association of benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, pregabalin, and melatonin with traffic accidents: A nationwide cohort and case-crossover study in Danish adults.

Benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, pregabalin, and melatonin (BZPMs) have been associated with a higher risk of traffic accidents, but the evidence is inconsistent, and lacking for newer drugs. To examine the association of BZPMs with risk of traffic accidents. All Danish adults (n = 3,823,588) were followed for redeemed prescriptions of BZPM and for incident traffic accidents registered in Danish registers from 2002 through 2018. Associations were examined in cohort and case-crossover designs using Cox proportional hazard and conditional logistic regression with adjustment for co-variables. A total of 19.3% (n = 738,019) of all participants initiated treatment with BZPMs. During the mean follow-up of 10.3 years, 595,173(15.5%) of participants were involved in a traffic accident. In the cohort analysis, all BZPMs besides pregabalin were associated with a higher risk of traffic accidents in adults below 70 years, with chlordiazepoxide showing the strongest association (hazard ratio (HR)age 18-49 = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67-1.86 and HRage 50-69 = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.70-2.00). In the older age groups, the specific BZPM medications were associated with lower or no risk of traffic accidents. However, in case-time-crossover analysis with inherited control for confounders, no BZPM medication was positively associated with traffic accidents, except for chlordiazepoxide, which had a higher odds ratio in middle-aged group (1.62, 95% CI: 1.15-2.29). This study does not fully support that BZPM use is a risk factor for traffic accidents. However, a positive association was found for chlordiazepoxide, which is approved for treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal.

The relationship between ambient temperatures and road traffic injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Traffic accidents cause considerable economic losses and injuries. Although the adverse effects of a change in ambient temperatures on human health have been widely documented, its effects on road traffic safety are still debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to synthesize available data on the association between ambient temperature and the risks of road traffic accidents (RTAs) and traffic accident injuries (TAIs). We searched 7 different databases to locate studies. The subgroup analyses were stratified by temperature type, temperature exposure, region, mean temperature, mortality, study period, statistical model, and source of injury data. This study was registered with PROSPERO under the number CRD42021264660. This is the first meta-analysis to investigate the association between ambient temperature and road traffic safety. A total of 34 high-temperature effect estimates were reported, and two additional studies reported the relationship between low temperatures and TAI risk. The meta-analysis results found a significant association between the high temperature and RTAs, and the pooled RR was 1.025 (95%CI 1.014, 1.035). The risk of TAI was also significantly associated with temperature increases. Subgroup analyses found that using daily mean temperatures, the RR value of road traffic accidents was 1.024 (95%CI 0.939, 1.116), and the RR value of road traffic injuries was 1.052 (95%CI 1.024, 1.080). Hourly temperatures significantly increased the risk of RTA, while the risk of TAI was not significantly increased by hourly temperature. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were stable, and no obvious publication bias was detected. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that increases in ambient temperature are associated with an increased risk of RTAs and TAIs. These findings add to the evidence of the impact of ambient temperature on road traffic safety.

A novel spatial analysis method to evaluate the safety impact of alternate road lighting

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new method to assess the safety impact of road treatment that influences long sections of road network, such as alternate road lighting, i.e. switching off every other road light at selected roads. The new method used Spatial Traffic Accident Analysis (STAA) – a network-based GIS hotspot analysis method – to identify and map day-time and night-time road traffic accident (RTA) risk levels before and after the implementation of alternate road lighting along a study road. Using the change after treatment in day-time RTA risk levels as a comparison group, and the change after treatment in night-time RTA risk levels as a treatment group, the difference between the treatment change and the comparison change in RTA risk levels was evaluated and mapped along the study road. The spatial distribution of this difference resulted in three different levels of the safety impact of the alternate light treatment at different locations along the study road: no impact, possible impact and highly possible impact. Night-time RTA after the alternate light treatment at road locations with the last two safety impact levels were identified, and their contributory factors were found most likely related to the reduction in night-time sight distance linked to alternate road lighting, and thus validates the safety impact results from the new method.

An Intelligent Vehicle Alarm User Terminal System Based on Emotional Identification Technology

Negative emotions could increase the risks of traffic accidents. However, the driver’s emotional identification is rarely considered in the current design of intelligent vehicle alarm user terminals (IVAUTs). To solve the problem, this paper tries to design an IVAUT system based on emotional identification technology. Firstly, the transformer network was combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) into a voice emotional identification system for intelligent vehicle alarm, and an emotional labeling approach was provided. Next, a bimodal fusion model was developed based on decompose-CNNs, which includes an appearance module, an optical flow module, and a bimodal fusion module. The proposed emotional identification approach was proved effective through experiments.

A hybrid model integrating FMEA and HFACS to assess the risk of inter-city bus accidents

The incidence of inter-city bus accidents receives a lot of attention from the public because they often cause heavy casualties. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is the prevailing tool used for traffic accident risk assessment. However, it has several shortcomings, for example: (1) it can only identify the potential failure modes, but lacks the capability for quantitative risk assessment; (2) it neglects the severity, occurrence and detection of different failure modes; (3) it is unable to identify the degree of risk and priorities of the failure modes. This study proposes a novel hybrid model to overcome these problems. First, the HFACS is applied to enumerate the failure modes of inter-city bus operation. Second, the Z-number-based best–worst method is used to determine the weights of the risk factors based on the failure mode and effects analysis results. Then, a Z-number-based weighted aggregated sum product Assessment is utilized to calculate the degree of risk of the failure modes and the priorities for improvement. The results of this study determine the top three ranking failure modes, which are personal readiness from pre-conditions for unsafe behavior, human resources from organizational influence, and driver decision-making error from unsafe behavior. Finally, data for inter-city buses in Taiwan in a case study to illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed model. In addition, some management implications are provided.

Analysis of Environmental Factors on Intersection Accidents

In recent years, the number of fatal traffic accidents has been on the rise in Taiwan, with a total of 2865 fatalities in 2019, representing a 3% increase from the previous year, and indicating an urgent need for the improvement of Taiwan’s traffic conditions. This research focuses on the three-way intersections on provincial roads. In Taiwan, such three-way intersections account for more than 70% of all intersections on provincial roads. From 2018 to 2019, there were 41,137 accidents at three-way intersections, accounting for about 50% of the traffic accidents in Taiwan. Relevant research in Taiwan has been mostly focused on driver characteristics and other factors were less addressed. In this study, we looked into the environmental factors, conducted analysis and the results were proposed for future roadway safety improvements. This study uses a regression model for analysis, in which the dependent variable is the number of traffic accidents at each intersection. However, for 68% of the three-way intersections surveyed, the number of traffic accidents recorded during the observation period was zero. Therefore, this study uses zero-inflated models to construct a model to identify important variables that affect the severity of traffic accidents at three-way intersections. The research results show that two types of factors are related to the risk of traffic accidents at three-way intersections. The first type includes the width of the provincial road, the width of the shoulder, the width of the dividing line and the number of lanes, while the second type relates to the presence of convenience stores, gas stations, supermarkets, and other attractions, such as public retail markets at the intersection.

Deep learning-based prediction of traffic accidents risk for Internet of vehicles

With the increasing number of vehicles, traffic accidents pose a great threat to human lives. Hence, aiming at reducing the occurrence of traffic accidents, this paper proposes an algorithm based on a deep convolutional neural network and a random forest to predict accident risks. Specifically, the proposed algorithm includes a feature extractor and a feature classifier, where the former extracts key features using a convolutional neural network and the latter outputs a probability value of traffic accidents using a random forest with multiple decision trees, which indicates the degree of accident risks. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher performance in terms of the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Characteristic Operator as well as accuracy than the existing algorithms based on the Adaboost or the pure convolutional neural networks.

The incidence of psychoactive substances and alcohol among impaired drivers in Denmark in 2015–2019.

This study examines the presence of psychoactive drugs and alcohol in blood from apprehended drivers driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and alcohol in Denmark in a five-year period from 2015 to 2019.Data were analysed with respect to gender, age, substances with concentrations above the Danish legal limit, arresting time of day and repeat arrest. By request of the police, the blood samples were subjected to analysis for alcohol and/or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alone, for “other drugs” (covering all drugs including new psychoactive substances (NPS), except THC, listed in the Danish list of narcotic drugs) or for both THC and other drugs.About the same number of alcohol traffic cases (37,960) and drug traffic cases (37,818) were submitted for analysis for the five-year period. The number of drug traffic cases per year increased from 5660 cases in 2015 to 9505 cases in 2019, while the number of alcohol traffic cases per year (average, 7600) was unchanged.Ethanol (89.2%) was the overall most frequent single substance, followed by THC (68.2%). CNS stimulants (46.8%) were the second most prevalent group of non-alcoholic drugs. Cocaine (23.8%) and amphetamine (22.9%) were the most frequent CNS stimulants. The proportion of CNS-stimulant positive drivers more than doubled in ten years. Benzodiazepines/z-hypnotics (12.7%) were the third most prevalent drug group detected, with clonazepam (8%) as the most frequent drug. Opioids were above the legal limit in 9.8% of the cases. NPS was above the legal limit in 128 cases (0.6%). Poly-drug use occurred in 40% of the DUID cases in the requested groups: other drug or other drug/THC.Young males dominated the DUID cases (median age 26). Drink-drivers (median age 39) were also mainly men, but the age distribution was equally spread over the age groups.Re-arrest occurred more often in DUID drivers (18–29%) than in drinking drivers (6–12%). DUID was evenly spread over the week, while drink-driving was most frequent on weekends.This study is an important supplement to the knowledge of drug use in Denmark. It was the well-known psychoactive substances that were detected. Only a few NPS occurred. However, the abuse pattern has changed, and CNS stimulants now account for a much higher proportion than earlier. Our results indicate a drug use problem among DUID drivers. This gives rise to concern because of a risk of traffic accidents. Treating the underlying abuse problem is therefore recommended, rather than focusing solely on prosecuting.

Risk of obstructive sleep apnea and traffic accidents among male bus drivers in Ecuador: Is there a significant relationship?

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represents an important occupational health concern in the transportation industry, affecting a substantial percentage of transportation operators. Our study aims to determine the frequency of individuals at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness, as well as any potential association between these conditions and traffic accidents among a sample of Ecuadorian bus drivers. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 340 commercial bus drivers from Ecuador. Descriptive statistics were used to determine frequency and proportions for demographic and clinical variables. A Kendall's tau-b was performed to ascertain the relationship between the STOP-Bang score towards the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score and the number of accidents and near accidents. ResultsIn general, 18.5% (n = 63) of participants were found to be at high-risk for OSA. There was a weak positive correlation between STOP-Bang score and ESS score (τb = 0.244, p = .000). We also found a statistically significant, although negligible, correlation between the STOP-Bang score and the number of accidents (τb = 0.096, p = .039) and near accidents (τb = 0.120, p = .008). ConclusionOur results suggest that a considerable proportion of Ecuadorian bus drivers were at high-risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Higher STOP-Bang scores were correlated with an increased number of accidents and near accidents. Additional studies are needed to determine whether additional interventions could increase road safety by taking care of undiagnosed and untreated OSA cases in a timely manner.

Legal Consequences for Traffic Accident Perpetrators with Dead Victims

Objective : The purpose of the study is to determine the legal consequences for traffic accident perpetrators causing death and to investigate the legal considerations for perpetrators in criminal liability for traffic accidents. Method : The research used is empirical legal. This research employed sociological approach, legal approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. Research on the risk of traffic accidents is an observational study that surveys without any particular treatment given to the research subjects. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from the field through interviews. Secondary data were obtained through library research in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis technique in this research performed descriptive qualitative . Finding : The legal consequence for traffic accident perpetrators with death victims is a minimum of 5 years imprisonment, as per Article 359 of the Criminal Code. Legal considerations for perpetrators in criminal liability for traffic accidents comprise unintentional attribute (accident), those who have never been convicted, settlement between offender and victim, providing precise information, witnesses in mitigation, therefore the conviction can be reduced. Purpose : This study provides in-depth information about the Legal Consequences for Traffic Accident Perpetrators with Death Victims Novelty/ Originality of the study: Legal Consequences for Traffic Accident Perpetrators with Death Victims

Interpolation of Quantile Regression to Estimate Driver’s Risk of Traffic Accident Based on Excess Speed

Quantile regression provides a way to estimate a driver’s risk of a traffic accident by means of predicting the percentile of observed distance driven above the legal speed limits over a one year time interval, conditional on some given characteristics such as total distance driven, age, gender, percent of urban zone driving and night time driving. This study proposes an approximation of quantile regression coefficients by interpolating only a few quantile levels, which can be chosen carefully from the unconditional empirical distribution function of the response. Choosing the levels before interpolation improves accuracy. This approximation method is convenient for real-time implementation of risky driving identification and provides a fast approximate calculation of a risk score. We illustrate our results with data on 9614 drivers observed over one year.

Risks Associated to Transportation between the Socioeconomic Costs and Territorial Management Strategies: The Case of Kalaa Sraghna in Morocco

The concept of risk has become widely circulated within the academic communities, and the reason behind this interest is the enormity of Losses and their high cost to humans and their properties. Hence, the reasons for studying these risks and searching for effective solutions emerged to reduce the size of its losses. Risks are divided into several types, including geological hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes and climate risks such as storms, floods and desertification and geomorphologic hazards such as landslides and sedimentation…And environmental hazards such as air and marine pollution…Social risks such as breaking the family’s union and the emergence of social Disorder. This study comes to approach the problem of the risks associated with transportation and its economic and social costs, through the case of the province of Kalaa Sraghna, the transportation system poses three basic risks: The risk of traffic accidents, which leaves hundreds dead and thousands injured. The natural hazards can also make the roads affected by flooding, and the third risk is the problem of both air and sound pollution due to transportation. Geographical research has become required to provide solutions to these problems. In this context, we have presented a set of suggestions to treat and minimize the impact of these risks, for sustainable transport that satisfies the population’s need for mobility and contributes to territorial development.

The effect of dangerous driving behaviors on the risk of traffic accidents using structural equation modeling

Background and Objectives: Professional drivers are mostly exposed to heavy workload, like night shifts, long working hours and irregular schedules, leading to high prevalence of psychiatric disorder, including fatigue, memory loss, and insomnia leading to road traffic accidents and injury. The present paper evaluates the relationship between unsafe behaviors and accident risk in heavy vehicle drivers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 303 professional drivers in Kashan. Unsafe behavior was measured using the Driving Behavior Questionnaire. In addition, a questionnaire was developed to assess the number of accidents and sociodemographic factors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches were employed in the evaluated research hypothesis. Results: The results revealed that the average age of participants was 43.15, consisting of passenger vehicle drivers (20.1%) and commercial vehicle drivers (79.9%). The majority were married (94%). Participants drove for an average 11.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 9.2) with the average speed 85.9 km/h (SD = 13.2). The DB questionnaire had validity and reliability (the factor loading, alpha Cronbach, composite reliability, and average variance extracted were more than 0.5, 0.7, 0.7, and 0.5, respectively). The SEM's results showed proper fit indices for the tested model (x2/df = 2.37; confirmatory fit index = 0.83; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). Conclusions: The main factors of the driver to get involved in a traffic accident and dangerous driving behavior are followed: (a) driver's education level, (b) driver's experience, (c) hours of driving, (d) driver's drug use habit, and (f) risky and slip. It was noted that the level of road safety awareness is low. It can be decided that additional exertions should be made for arranging and imposing road safety and active traffic law legislation to encourage traffic safety responsiveness of the public.

Changes in Attitudes of Life Insurance Companies Towards Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome Undergoing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Japan.

Recent studies have revealed that sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, as well as the risk of traffic accidents. Although SAS screening and early treatment are important, truck drivers may avoid SAS screening to prevent the denial of their application for life insurance due to receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Thus, this study investigated how life insurance companies handle patients on SAS treatment. We conducted a questionnaire survey on how they handle life insurance applications of patients with SAS on CPAP treatment for 46, 41, and 42 companies in 2009, 2015, and 2021, respectively, and analyzed the changes in their handling of life insurance applications of patients with SAS. The results revealed that while about 10 life insurance companies handle the application of life insurance of patients on CPAP treatment in the same way as healthy individuals, many life insurance companies handle them differently. This survey also revealed the differences in handling patients with SAS on CPAP treatment among companies and their policies regarding the reasons. The survey revealed that there are differences among life insurance companies in handling patients with SAS on CPAP treatment. It is important to provide information about the companies that would not give disadvantages to patients with SAS on CPAP treatment who purchase life insurance. It is also crucial to provide life insurance companies with evidence of reduced risk of traffic accidents in patients with SAS on CPAP treatment.