Systemic Risk Research Articles

Associations Between Physical Activity, Systemic Inflammation, and Hospital Admissions in Adults With Heart Failure

Purpose: Among individuals with diagnosed heart failure (HF), the impact of physical activity on systemic inflammation and risk of hospital admissions remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between physical activity and (1) systemic inflammation measured through C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and (2) frequency of hospital admissions in those with HF. Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey in this observational cross-sectional study to include 377 community-dwelling adults with HF. Demographic, clinical, and functional variables were extracted from the data and included in the regression models as covariates during analysis. Associations between activity and hospital admissions were examined using Poisson regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used for association between CRP and physical activity. Results: We found a direct linear relationship between CRP levels and hospital admissions, with higher levels of CRP significantly associated with greater number of hospital admissions in HF (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.18, P < .001). Similarly, participating in vigorous activity was significantly associated with decreased expected rate of hospital admissions (IRR = 0.38, P = .013 (C.I. = 0.18–0.80) and with a significant decrease in the CRP levels (B = −0.44, P = .018 (C.I. = −0.80 to −0.83). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using population-level data to examine the association between physical activity level, systemic inflammation, and hospitalizations in individuals with HF. The findings of this study demonstrate that irrespective of sex, engagement in physical activity at higher intensity levels is strongly associated with favorable health outcomes in older adults with HF.

Nationwide Profiling and Source Identification of Organophosphate Esters in Korean Surface Waters Using Target, Suspect, and Non-Target HRMS Analysis

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging contaminants that serve as alternatives to regulated substances in aquatic environments. A nationwide large-scale assessment for OPEs, including point sources, remains insufficient. To address this issue, we aimed to investigate OPEs occurrence and novel OPEs via comprehensive target, suspect and non-target analysis. Among the 11 target OPEs, 10 were detected at sampling sites distributed evenly nationwide. The highest mean concentrations were measured for tris-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP). The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that TBOEP and TCIPP are essential components for assessing total OPEs pollution. The systematic risk assessment results evaluated the overall risk contribution of TBOEP and the significant risk impact of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. Promising suspect and non-target analysis enabled frequent detection and identification of 6 antioxidant transformation products (TPs), as well as the tentative identification of 14 OPEs and TPs, including 3 di-OPEs. Based on sampling site classification, we confirmed that major OPEs are significantly discharged near point sources. We believe that this is the first attempt to assess the nationwide risk and potential sources of OPEs in Korean surface waters, providing insights that could support further prioritization and regulation efforts.

Family history and cancer risk study (FOREST): A clinical trial assessing electronic patient-directed family history input for identifying patients at risk of hereditary cancer

BackgroundHereditary cancer syndromes cause a high lifetime risk of early, aggressive cancers. Early recognition of individuals at risk can allow risk-reducing interventions that improve morbidity and mortality. Family health history applications that gather data directly from patients could alleviate barriers to risk assessment in the clinical appointment, such as lack of provider knowledge of genetics guidelines and limited time in the clinical appointment. New approaches allow linking these applications to patient health portals and their electronic health records (EHRs), offering an end-to-end solution for patient-input family history information and risk result clinical decision support for their provider. MethodsWe describe the design of the first large-scale evaluation of an EHR-integrable, patient-facing family history software platform based on the Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (SMART on FHIR) standard. In our study, we leverage an established implementation science framework to evaluate the success of our model to facilitate scalable, systematic risk assessment for hereditary cancers in diverse clinical environments in a large pragmatic study at two sites. We will also evaluate the success of the approach to improve the efficiency of downstream genetic counseling resulting from pre-counseling pedigree generation. ConclusionsOur research study will provide evidence regarding a new care delivery model that is scalable and sustainable for a variety of medical centers and clinics. Trial registrationThis study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT05079334 on 15 October 2021.

ESTIMATING SYSTEMIC RISK FOR NON-LISTED EURO-AREA BANKS

SRISK is a measure of a firms' systemic risk contribution that is computed using its listed stock market price. SRISK measurement is extended and applied to firms that do not have listed equity. A mapping from balance sheet characteristics to SRISK for listed firms is applied to SRISK for unlisted European banks. The mapping is validated by comparing SRISK measures for unlisted banks with their losses in European bank stress-testing.

Evaluating The Role Of International Financial Institutions In Maintaining Financial Stability

This paper examines the functions of IFIs specifically the IMF, World Bank, and BIS in relation to balance of payments in the international financial system. Employing a cross-sectional research methodology, the study analyzes IFI interventions during the Asian Financial Crisis (1997), the Global Financial Crisis (2008), and the COVID-19 pandemic. It evaluates data related to GDP growth, capital flows, and systemic risk measures, and finds that IFIs have a highly positive impact on economic recovery and financial system stability. The study also highlights the importance of advanced technologies, such as big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, in improving IFI capacities for evaluating and forecasting financial stability. However, it reveals issues with data quality, methodological limitations, and policy-data gaps, particularly from developing countries where IFIs are crucial. Recommendations are provided for enhancing data acquisition, openness, and the use of big data analytics, along with directions for further research in prognostic modeling and crisis anticipation.

Insights for possible association and impact of thyroidectomy to osteoarthritis

Background and aim of studyThyroidectomy and osteoarthritis have drawn more attention in last decades due to increase various local and systemic risk factors. This study is aimed to determine the association and impact between thyroidectomy and osteoarthritis by serological measurement of most specific related markers.ResultsMeasurement of thyroid markers showed the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly increased, while parathyroid hormone (PTH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels were decreased in osteoarthritis subjected to thyroidectomy group (OTG) when compared to hyperthyroidism subjected to thyroidectomy group (TG), osteoarthritis group (OG), and healthy control group (CG). Detection the activity of bone markers showed the level of R-factor was significantly elevated concomitant with significant reduction in Dickkopf related protein 1 (DKK1), human hyaluronan-binding protein 2 (HABP2), osteocalcin (OC) in OG and OTG groups, while osteopontin (OPN) and procollagen I C-terminal propeptide (PICP) were significantly increased and decreased in TG and OTG. Furthermore, the level of S100 Calcium binding protein (S100CBP) showed significant decreased in patient’s groups, while TG with OTG groups exhibited significant reduction in sclerostin (SOST) concentration. Regarding the inflammatory markers, the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) was increased in the OTG, while the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was increased in OG and TG groups, and reduced in OTG. While, the level of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was decreased in OG and TG associated with significant increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha level (TNF-α) in OTG. Measurement of oxidant and antioxidant activity markers showed the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly reduced in all patient’s groups compared to control, except the level of CAT in TG, whereas, malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased in OG and OTG patients. Furthermore, the levels of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-Reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were increased in all patient groups compared to control, while fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) level was increased in OTG only.ConclusionThis unique study in Iraq is identified the interaction effect and impact of thyroidectomy to osteoarthritis according to the results that showed various changes and degree of correlation of study biomarkers in all patient groups, however more depth of specific quantitative and qualitative studies are required to support this association and the impact claim at molecular level.

“Volatility in a Mug Cup”: Spillovers among cocoa, coffee, sugar futures and the role of climate policy risk

Hot beverages have surged in popularity due to the increasing emphasis on healthy living among consumers. This trend extends upstream to prosper futures markets for essential raw materials within the supply chain. However, there is a significant gap in the literature concerning volatility spillovers within these futures markets, specifically cocoa, coffee, and sugar futures. Given the susceptibility of these raw material agricultural productions to weather conditions, an intriguing question emerges regarding the potential impact of climate policy uncertainty on the volatility spillover dynamics of these commodity prices. This study employs the TVP-VAR-DY methodology to quantify volatility spillovers among global mainstream cocoa, coffee, and sugar futures, then the Time-Varying Granger Causality test is deployed to uncover the influence of climate policy uncertainty. The findings underscore a pronounced and statistically significant spillover effect among the volatilities of coffee-related commodity futures, with the U.S. sugar futures market emerging as a pivotal conduit for risk transmission. In exploring the impact of climate policy uncertainty, it is discerned that global climatic patterns exert some unique and substantive influence on systemic risk spillovers. These insights provide a basis for stakeholders in the hot drink industrial chain to think about effective risk management mechanisms.

Asymmetric multi-scale systemic risk spillovers across international commodity futures markets: The role of infectious disease uncertainty

This paper investigates the role of infectious disease uncertainty on multi-scale risk spillovers and portfolio implications across 12 international commodity futures markets from January 2006 to August 2022. We use wavelet packet decomposition and a novel risk spillover network topology approach based on a smooth transition vector autoregression model. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, there is an obvious asymmetry in spillover effects, i.e., the intensity of risk spillovers increases significantly during periods of high infectious disease uncertainty, and clear evidence of time-varying total spillovers across various regimes and frequencies. Second, cross-category risk spillovers are more pronounced in high-uncertainty regimes, while risk networks tend to cluster within the same category during low-uncertainty regimes. Third, the role of commodity futures in the risk spillover networks varies across different time scales and regimes, with gold consistently acting as a stable net risk transmitter. We also develop optimal portfolio strategies across commodity futures markets at different time scales and regimes based on the risk spillover analysis.

Probabilistic seismic risk analysis of electrical substations considering equipment-to-equipment seismic failure correlations

When an earthquake occurs, electrical equipment in a substation exhibits a certain level of seismic failure correlation since they suffer similar ground motions and share similar structural characteristics. However, this equipment-to-equipment seismic failure correlation (E2ESFC) was neglected in previous substation-level probabilistic seismic risk analyses due to the lack of awareness and practical approach. To investigate the effect of different degrees of the E2ESFC on the substation seismic risk, an efficient method for considering partially correlated seismic failure was proposed. The concepts of “damage demand probability” and “damage capacity probability” were derived from the equipment's fragility curve. Then the partial correlation of equipment's capacity probabilities can be easily introduced and incorporated into the substation-level risk analysis through the combination of Copula functions and the Monte Carlo simulation. A case study on a real-world 220/110 kV substation using an equi-correlation model demonstrated that ignoring the E2ESFC among the same type of equipment will lead to an underestimate of the probability of seeing high seismic loss. Furthermore, a general method to assess the E2ESFC coefficients between equipment was also proposed, laying the foundation to facilitate applications of the introduced E2ESFC simulation method and to generate a more reliable system risk assessment result.

Assessing the contribution of shadow banking to systemic risk in South Africa during COVID-19

Background: Systemic risk studies in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period focus mostly on the banking sector. Regulators however, yearn for data on the contribution of shadow banking to systemic risk during the pandemic.Aim: The primary goal of the study is to determine the contribution of shadow banking to systemic risk during the COVID-19 period in South Africa.Setting: The study focussed on shadow banking, non-bank financial institutions involved in credit intermediation outside the traditional banking system in South Africa.Method: Systemic risk is measured by conditional value-at-risk methodology using monthly market returns of fixed-income funds, funds-of-funds, money market funds and multi-asset funds from January 2015 to December 2021.Results: Shadow banking contributed to systemic risk during COVID-19, and systemic risk reached an all-time high during the onset of the pandemic. Money market funds exhibited higher systemic risk because of the COVID-19 shock. However, multi-asset funds and funds-of-funds are the classes that contributed more to systemic risk during the COVID-19 period. Furthermore, systemic risk trends of multi-asset funds and funds-of-funds increased with the rise in COVID-19 infections, except in the third wave when systemic risk peaked months after the surge in COVID-19 cases.Conclusion: Shadow banking contributes to systemic risk in South Africa and systemic risk peaked during the COVID-19 period.Contribution: There is growing evidence on systemic risk during COVID-19, and this study extends the focus to shadow banking. It draws attention of regulators to credit intermediation outside traditional banks.

Regarding the issue of Russia's finance

Subject. This article examines the issues related to the finance of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the trends in Russia's finance development and assess the prospects. Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, special economic and mathematical methods, in particular, correlation and regression analysis, as well as a graphical method of presenting the results obtained. Results. The study reveals an increase in the difference between financial assets and liabilities in the domestic economy and a decline in the rest of the world, and it shows the prospects for the development of finance in Russia. Relevance. The results of the study of trends in the development of Russian finance and the prospects can be useful in assessing the risks of the financial system for the Government of the Russian Federation and a wide range of the expert community.

Systemic Inflammation Indexes and Risk of Immune-related Adverse Events in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, they could be associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which may be clinically significant. Identifying clinical characteristics that may be associated with a higher risk of irAEs is of great importance. We retrospectively collected data from all patients who received anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1 for metastatic UC at our Institution from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients were dichotomized according to baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between baseline characteristics and the development of irAEs. A total of 119 patients were identified. At a median follow-up of 29.6 months, 96 patients progressed and 82 died. Forty-five patients developed irAEs of any grade, 8 patients developed grade 3 toxicities. In the univariate analysis PS of 0 (p<0.01), baseline NLR <3.52, baseline PLR <194 (p=0.04) and baseline SII <906 (p=0.01) were significantly associated with a higher risk of developing irAEs, whereas in the multivariate analysis only PS=0 (p<0.01) and NLR <3.52 (p=0.03) maintained their correlation. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) were significantly longer in patients with NLR <3 (mPFS 3.8 vs. 2.6 months, p=0.01; mOS 15.3 vs. 5.6 months, p=0.002) and PS=0 (mPFS 4.8 vs. 2.1 months, p<0.001; mOS 15.3 vs. 3.8 months, p<0.001). Low baseline NLR, PLR, and SII and good PS are associated with a higher risk of developing irAEs in patients treated with ICIs for mUC.

Dynamic Analysis and Temporal Governance of Safety Risks: Evidence from Underground Construction Accident Reports

Due to the complexity and dynamics of underground construction projects, safety risk management has experienced significant challenges restricting the sustainable development of underground space. The research on risk causal chains and risk coupling has yet to reveal the dynamic interactive characteristics of these risk factors and their temporal relationships over time. This study utilized a complex system view for safety risk analysis, using 37 accident investigation reports of underground construction projects. Combined with two novel and emerging analytical methods, temporal qualitative comparative analysis and crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis, this study discusses the temporal relationship of risk factors to the cause of accidents and explores the multi-actor coupling characteristics of management risk. The findings indicate that (1) compared with general construction projects, underground construction should pay more attention to management safety risks because they have an obvious time lag effect expressed in all accident causation paths, namely, preceding management risk, management risk, and machine/material risk cross-concurrently, and management risk initiation and (2) underground construction project management risks have three key main paths, namely, single-actor-dominated management deficiency (supervisors, owners, and subcontractors that cause management risks as a single-core actor) and dual-actor-dominated management deficiency (owner and subcontractor as dual core actors of management risk). Multi-actor-dominated management deficiency (owners, subcontractors, and supervisors are the multiple core actors of management risk). This study thus developed a temporal governance framework of underground construction safety risks based on the synergy of multi-actors and proposed risk governance strategies, such as synergistic multi-actor governance, to consider the temporal relationship of safety risk. This study further reveals the temporal and coupling characteristics of safety risks to enrich the risk casual chain theory and risk coupling theory and establish a systematic risk analysis framework for new guidance for safety and risk management for underground construction projects.

ANALISIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FAKTOR RISIKO BAYI BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN MALARIA: STUDI KASUS

Papua has the highest rate of malaria cases among all provinces in Indonesia. Malaria is a scourge, especially among vulnerable groups, including pregnant women. Pregnant women with malaria increase the risk of giving birth to Low Birth Weight (LBW). This study aimed to analyze geographic information system risk factors for LBW in pregnant women with malaria. This research method was observational analytics using a matched case-control design. The study encompassed pregnant women residing in the Sentani health center working area, who were both afflicted with and unaffected by malaria, and sought outpatient care at the health center. With a population of 104 pregnant woman, and the sample used was the Total sampling technique. This study found that the distribution of LBW cases tends to increase if there are many malaria incidents in the area. The distribution pattern of malaria cases shows a tendency to gather in areas with high rainfall, areas with low air humidity and areas with high air temperatures, namely Nolokla and Asei Villages. To maintain the health of mothers and babies and avoid possible risks, it is necessary to increase supervision and vigilance in the months where the intensity of rain increases, namely from November to March, where rainfall is also related to humidity and temperature so that it affects the sustainability of mosquito larvae habitat

FINANCIAL CRISIS AND INSTABILITY

Financial crises and instability are common occurrences in the world economy, and they have significant effects on both developed and developing nations. The numerous causes of financial crises and the ensuing instability in the financial markets are thoroughly examined. It explains the theoretical foundations of financial crises, going over important ideas including market bubbles, excessive leverage, and regulatory shortcomings The paper also looks into how regulations and governmental actions can either exacerbate or lessen financial crises, how financial institutions contribute to systemic risk propagation and how interconnected they are. It looks at how the spread of crises across borders and asset classes can aggravate their severity through the contagion effect. It also covers the socio-economic fallout from financial crises, such as social unrest, income inequality, and unemployment. The summary concludes by highlighting how crucial it is to have strong regulatory control and proactive risk management to avert and lessen future financial disasters. It promotes a comprehensive strategy that blends international collaboration, regulatory changes, and responsible risk-taking to promote long-term economic growth and stability in a global financial system that is becoming more linked.

CRITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF SHARI‘AH GOVERNANCE: INSIGHTS FROM ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

This study examines the critical role of Shariah governance, particularly the impact of Shariah supervisory boards (SBBs) within the corporate governance framework of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). SSBs, as critical components of Shariah governance mechanisms, significantly influence Shariah compliance processes within IFIs. This study explores the unique systemic risks inherent in the Islamic financial environment, focusing on the complexities and elements defining SSB legitimacy. The IFSB recommends four essential components for Shariah governance systems, emphasizing the importance of SSBs. However, SSBs face challenges balancing SharÊ‘ah adherence and market dynamics, highlighting a conflict between business objectives and Shariah rules. This study acknowledges the limited strength of Shariah governance, advocating for universally adopted standards to address issues such as conflicts of interest within SSBs and the need for diversified skill sets. This paper assesses the effectiveness of Shariah governance and SSBs in IFIs. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among middle and senior-level managers and employees employed in IFIs or associated regulatory entities across diverse nations. The results highlight the critical role of SSB members, specific standards for board nominations, and the moderate influence of stakeholders' interests on Shariah governance success. Shareholders’ and customers’ interests show no significant correlation with Shariah governance success.

Connectedness and Shock Propagation in South African Equity Sectors during Extreme Market Conditions

This study examined the connectedness and propagation of risk in the South African equity sectors during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the European Debt Crisis (EDC), the US–China trade war, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Daily returns of nine Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) super sectors were examined from 3 January 2006 to 31 December 2021. Applying the connectedness matrix and time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model, in full sample and sub-periods, the study showed that dynamic total connectedness of the super sectors is high in absolute form (62%). Furthermore, it was found that the highest volatility connectedness was during the EDC (68.83%) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (68.57%), followed by the GFC (63.16%) and lastly the US–China trade war (42.09%), respectively. This suggests that the tendency for a systemic risk is highest during the EDC, COVID-19, and GFC periods, and lowest during the US–China trade war. The financial sector was the primary net-transmitter of shocks during the COVID-19 period, while the automobile and parts sector was the strongest net-transmitter of shocks during the GFC, EDC, and US–China trade war. Similarly, the strongest net recipient of shocks during GFC, EDC, and COVID-19 is the chemical super sector. The study concludes that there is a significant volatility connectedness among JSE super sectors. In addition, the JSE super sectors exhibit time-varying connectedness during extreme events. Moreover, the net-transmitter and net-receiver of shock do not change significantly during different crisis periods. The policy implications of the findings are highlighted in the concluding section.

Extreme time-frequency connectedness between energy sector markets and financial markets

The renewable energy market has developed into a distinct asset class that has garnered significant attention from investors worldwide. This study investigates the connectedness between the S&P 500 and various energy sectors, including the Green Bond (Green Bond), S&P GSCI Carbon Emission Allowances Index (GSCI EUA), S&P GSCI Biofuel (GSCI Biofuel), and S&P Global Clean Energy Indices (Global Clean Energy). Combining the quantile connectedness approach of Ando et al. (2022) and the spillover index developed by Chatziantoniou et al. (2022), we investigate the quantile time-frequency connectedness among these markets. Our findings reveal that the impact of tail risk spreading to the energy sector during extremely challenging market conditions is significantly amplified. Most tail risk spillovers between the energy sectors involve short-term risk spillovers, as seen by analyzing the frequency domain. The impact of tail risk spillover is stronger during extreme situations, showing a short-term asymmetry. Global Clean Energy and the S&P 500 play important roles in spreading risk to other sectors, known as tail risk spillover. They add to the overall risk that affects the network system. On the other hand, other energy sectors (GSCI EUA and GSCI Biofuel) as well as green bonds act as net recipients by receiving the risk rather than spreading it further, potentially providing portfolio diversification. It is essential to understand how these key players influence risk in the financial system. Utilizing a variety of techniques to assess portfolio performance shows the importance of understanding the return transmission mechanism in the process of developing a portfolio and suggests that Clean Energy, given its relative independence, may make an excellent diversification investment.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF BANKING INSTITUTIONS

The article considers the essence of the concept of ‘financial stability of a banking institution’. The external and internal factors of influence on the activities of commercial banks in the current socio-economic conditions of Ukraine are identified. It is noted that the leading role in ensuring financial stability belongs to the bank, subject to effective regulation and the use of internal methods to ensure financial stability. The existing methodological approaches to assessing the financial stability of banks used in domestic practice are analysed. It is noted that in order to ensure financial stability, it is necessary to regularly monitor and analyse vulnerabilities and risks of the financial system based on macroeconomic and prudential indicators, as well as to respond to them in a timely manner with appropriate measures. It is determined that the use of integrated approaches and the latest methods, such as econometric modelling, fuzzy set methods and graphical methods, allows obtaining a more detailed and accurate picture of the financial condition of banks and ensuring their effective management. It has been shown that the development and implementation of new methods and improvement of existing tools for analysing financial stability are extremely important for ensuring the stability and development of the banking sector. Effective financial stability management requires the use of modern methods and approaches that allow timely and accurate risk assessment and adaptation to dynamic conditions

Methods used for caries detection and diagnosis in Ontario dental practices: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundEarly detection of caries is essential for applying non-surgical treatment procedures and preventing the formation of cavitated lesions leading to unnecessary removal of tooth structure. Understanding dentists’ preferences for caries detection tools can inform stakeholders about their strategies and knowledge of contemporary, evidence-based caries management approaches. However, there is a lack of research exploring the detection methods of caries commonly used by dentists in Ontario, Canada. The objective of this study was to investigate the methods of caries detection and diagnosis preferred by dentists in Ontario.MethodsA 21-item self-reported survey was mailed to one thousand Ontario dental practices in the Winter of 2022. Descriptive and bivariate data analysis were performed to determine the associations between: demographics and professional practice characteristics (explanatory variables), and methods for detecting and diagnosing dental caries (outcome variables) using SPSS Statistics 29.0.ResultsA total of 325 dentists (33%) responded to the survey, with 274 answering all of the questions completely. The highest proportion of respondents were 35–44 years of age (32.8%) and male (53.4%). More than half of the respondents reported using a dental explorer to assess primary occlusal caries (57.6%), secondary caries (57.1%), and cervical caries (57.5%). Likewise, 57.9% of the participants reported using dental radiographs to diagnose proximal caries. Among additional caries detection tools, digital radiography (89.8%) and traditional radiography (84.7%) were the most used methods/modalities, while cone beam computed tomography was the least (12.8%). Most study participants did not use any caries classification system (77.7%) or caries risk assessment tool (85.3%).ConclusionsParticipants preferred conventional methods for caries detection, instead of contemporary visual-tactile caries lesions classification and/or caries risk assessment systems. These findings indicate a need for continuing dental education programs tailored to evidence-based caries management approaches.