Risk Of New-onset Heart Failure Research Articles

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: risk of heart failure

Background and aimsThe association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of spectrum of SLD on the risk of heart failure and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with T2DM.MethodsIn a nationwide cohort study, 2,745,689 adults with T2DM were followed from 2009 to 2012 until 2018. Participants were categorized into no steatotic liver disease (no SLD) and SLD groups. The SLD group was stratified based on metabolic risk factors, alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for heart failure (HF) and CV mortality risk.ResultsThe prevalence of MASLD, metabolic alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), alcohol-associated liver disease with metabolic dysfunction (ALD with MD) and MASLD with viral hepatitis (VH) was 49.6%, 7.2%, 2.3%, and 2.0%. Individuals with MASLD (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.11), MetALD (aHR, 1.14), ALD with MD (aHR, 1.32) and MASLD with VH (aHR, 1.12) had a higher risk of developing HF compared with the no SLD group. The risk of CV mortality was also increased in those with SLD groups compared to those with no SLD. The risk of new-onset HF and CV mortality showed a J-shaped association with alcohol consumption regardless of SLD status.ConclusionSLD is independent risk factor of new-onset HF and CV mortality in persons with T2DM, and alcohol consumption has a J-shaped association with risk of HF and CV mortality, regardless of SLD status.

Hyponatremia and risk of new-onset heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes - a real-world study of 70,000 patients

Abstract Background Hyponatremia is common in patients with heart failure and in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is a risk marker for increased morbidity and mortality. However, it is unclear whether hyponatremia in patients with T2D is associated with an increased risk of new-onset heart failure. Purpose To investigate whether hyponatremia is associated with an increased risk of new-onset heart failure in patients with T2D. Methods From Danish nationwide registers, all patients with T2D with no history of heart failure were identified from 2013-2021. Patients with at least two samples of plasma sodium measured (at least one month apart), during the first six months following their T2D diagnosis, were included with follow-up start six months after T2D diagnosis as well. Patients were categorized in two groups according to the mean plasma sodium concentration at baseline: 1) sodium >137 mmol/L; and 2) sodium <137mmol/L. Cumulative incidence curves and Cox proportional hazards models (crude and adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, and potential hyponatremia-inducing medications including diuretics, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants) were used to investigate the association of sodium concentration with the incidence of heart failure during follow-up. Incidence rates of heart failure per 1000 person-years were calculated across the spectrum of the measured sodium levels. Results We included 69,750 patients where 57% were male and the median age was 63 (interquartile range: 54-71). At index, 57,723 (83%) patients had a mean sodium concentration of >137 mmol/L and 12,027 (17%) patients had a mean sodium concentration <137 mmol/L (hyponatremia). Patients with a sodium level <137 mmol/L were associated with a significantly higher hazard rate of heart failure compared to patients with sodium concentrations >137 mmol: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.41, p-value <0.001). In analyses where sodium concentration was considered a continuous variable, increasing concentration of 1 mmol/L was associated with a decreasing hazard rate of heart failure: adjusted HR 0.96 (0.94-0.97, p-value <0.001). Conclusions Hyponatremia was common and associated with a significantly higher risk of new-onset heart failure in patients newly diagnosed with T2D. Whether hyponatremia could be a new treatment target to prevent heart failure in T2D remains to be determined.Cumulative incidence of heart failureIncident heart failure

Relationship between 3-dimensional aortic geometry and the risk of new-onset heart failure

Abstract Introduction Aortic geometric assessments to date have typically involved cross-sectional imaging of discrete aortic segments. However, the complex 3D geometry of the thoracic aorta, and its relationship to the risk of cardiovascular disease has not been assessed in large studies. Methods We segmented the thoracic aorta in SSFP axial MRI images from 49,282 UK Biobank participants using a deep convolutional neural network (U-Net). We then computed geometric measurements (centerline length, arch height, arch width, arch height-width ratio, arch unfolding index [inverse of tortuosity], curvature and mean, minimum and maximum diameters) in the overall thoracic aorta as well as in 6 subsegments. We quantified their relationship to the risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF) using multivariable Cox-proportional hazards models. All hazard ratios are standardized. Centerline length was allometrically indexed to body height. Results In models adjusted for age, sex, BMI kg/m2, low-density lipoprotein mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein mg/dl, triglycerides mg/dl, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, the curvature of the aorta (HR=0.63; 95% CI=0.39, 0.99; P<0.05), particularly the aortic arch (HR=0.54; 95% CI= 0.35, 0.87; P<0.05) was strongly related to a lower risk of incident cardiomyopathy. A higher arch unfolding index (HR=1.46; 95% CI=1.03, 2.07; P<0.05), higher width-to-height ratio (HR=1.10; 95% CI= 1.02, 1.19; P<0.05) and lower aorta tortuosity (HR=1.20; 95% CI= 1.09, 1.32; P<0.05) were all associated with a higher risk of cardiomyopathy. This aortic geometric pattern was also associated with a greater risk of a new HF diagnosis (arch unfolding [HR=1.23; 95% CI= 1.07, 1.42; P<0.05], width to heigh ratio [HR=1.06; 95% CI= 1.01, 1.11; P0.05]). Conclusion We demonstrate that 3-D thoracic aortic geometric indices are strongly associated with incident cardiomyopathy and HF, independent of classic risk factors. This is likely related to abnormal afterload and ventricular-arterial interactions since adverse geometric remodeling affects left ventricular pulsatile load.Cardiomyopathy & Heart Failure Hazards

Major clinical outcomes in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis.

Current guidelines suggest that asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) is independently associated with increased risks of stroke and mortality compared with symptomatic AF. Considering that recent investigations have provided conflicting results, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between symptom status and clinical outcomes in patients with AF. Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched until 25 March 2024. Triple-independent study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Evidence was pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Thirty-six studies (217 850 participants) were included. Based on the frequentist analysis, symptomatic individuals had no significant difference in the risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) .97, 95% confidence interval (CI) .80-1.17], cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.04, 95% CI .72-1.49), thromboembolism (HR 1.06, 95% CI .87-1.28), stroke (HR 1.06, 95% CI .84-1.34), hospitalization (HR 1.34, 95% CI .89-2.02), and myocardial infarction (HR .98, 95% CI .70-1.36), compared to the asymptomatic group. Symptomatic patients had a 33% increased risk of new-onset heart failure (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19-1.49) and a 30% lower risk of progression to permanent AF (HR .70, 95% CI .54-.89). The Bayesian analysis yielded comparable results, yet the association between symptom status and new-onset heart failure was not significant (HR 1.27, 95% credible interval .76-1.93; Bayes factor = 1.2). Symptomatic patients had higher odds of receiving antiarrhythmic drugs (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.33-2.03) and ablation therapy (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06-2.05) compared to asymptomatic cases. The risk of major clinical outcomes did not differ between individuals with and without AF-related symptoms. Asymptomatic patients had a greater hazard of progression to permanent AF.

Risk factors and incidence of new-onset heart failure with conventional pacemaker implant: A nationwide study

BackgroundStudies have shown that the risk of new-onset heart failure (HF) is higher post-implant for patients receiving right ventricular pacing. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate incidence, risk factors and implications for long-term prognosis of new-onset HF in patients after pacemaker-implant. MethodsPatients without preexisting HF who received a pacemaker in Sweden during the period 2005-2020 were identified via the nationwide Pacemaker Registry. Data was crossmatched with the population registry and national disease registries. Primary outcome was new-onset HF within 5 years, and a risk score for this was developed and validated.. ResultsIn all, 65579 patients met the inclusion criteria (10351 single chamber ventricular and 55228 dual chamber pacemakers). 13792 (21.0%) patients were diagnosed with HF within five years post-implant. Of these, 6244 (45.3%) were hospitalized for HF. Patients with new-onset heart failure were more likely to die within five years (41.2% vs. 19.7%, p<0.0001). Risk factors for new-onset HF included increasing age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, chronic lung- and kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, and AV block. In a combined score using these variables, patients in the highest risk-score quartile had a hazard ratio of 5.36 [4.91-5.86] (p<0.001) and an absolute risk of 32% for developing HF. ConclusionPacemaker therapy is associated with >20% risk of new-onset HF within five years, and we identified nine risk factors associated with the diagnosis of new-onset HF. The proposed score based on these variables can be used to identify patients at high risk for new-onset heart failure.

Estimated pulse wave velocity and risk of new-onset heart failure.

As a potential surrogate of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) has been confirmed to independently predict the cardiovascular events, but the association between ePWV and heart failure has not been well confirmed. Therefore, we performed this cohort study to evaluate the association between ePWV and risk of new-onset heart failure. A total of 98269 employees (mean age: 51.77±12.56years, male accounted for 79.9%) without prior heart failure who participated in the 2006-2007 health examination were selected as the observation cohort, with an average follow-up of 13.85±1.40years. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of ePWV was calculated in prediction of heart failure. The adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The category-free net reclassification index (NRI) was calculated to evaluate the reclassification performance of cardiovascular risk models after adding ePWV. The AUC of ePWV was 0.74 in prediction of heart failure. After adjusting for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors except for age and blood pressure, the risk of new-onset heart failure increased by 35% [hazard ratio (HR): 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-1.37] for each 1m/s increase in ePWV. Subgroup analysis showed that ePWV was significantly associated with incident heart failure regardless of THE presence (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31-1.36, P<0.01) or absence (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.46-1.73, P<0.01) of cardiovascular risk factors, male (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31-1.36, P<0.01) or female (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.38-1.51, P<0.01), young and middle-aged (<52years) (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.41-1.58, P<0.01), or middle-aged and elderly (≥52years) (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21-1.26, P<0.01). The addition of ePWV to the traditional cardiovascular risk model including age and mean arterial pressure could significantly improve the reclassification ability by 31.1% (category-free NRI=0.311, P<0.01). ePWV was an independent predictor for new-onset heart failure.

Diabetes and the Risk of Heart Failure Among More Than 60,000 Acute Myocardial Infarction Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) has raided its incidence across the last decades. It brings several cardiovascular complications. DM increases acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk and affects systolic and diastolic function. Several studies have explored the association between DM and AMI complications, like heart failure (HF). Therefore, we synthesized evidence regarding the association between DM and HF among AMI survivors. MethodsWe performed a systematic review of longitudinal studies that explored the association between DM and HF after AMI. The search was from inception to January 2023 in Pubmed, Scopus and EMBASE. We excluded studies that did not clearly state if HF was new-onset after AMI. We performed a meta-analysis following the randomed-effect model with the inverse variance method. ResultsFrom 4,512 articles, we selected 19 cohort studies (n=60 451) of AMI survivors. Mean age ranged from 55.4 to 77.8 years. More than 60% of patients were male. In comparison with non-diabetics, those AMI survivors with diabetes had higher risk of new-onset heart failure (RR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.58-2.01) (attached figure). In addition, left ventricular ejection fraction (%) was lower among diabetic survivors (MD: -1.57, 95%CI: -2.69 to -0.45). As exploratory analysis, AMI in the anterior wall was the most frequent without significant differences between DM and non-DM (pooled prevalence in DM: 54% vs. non-DM: 49%). Diabetes was associated with higher risk of mortality (RR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.52-2.88) and reinfarction (RR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.22-2.08) after an AMI event. All studies had low risk of bias. ConclusionsAfter AMI, DM patients have a strong risk of HF. Comprehensive clinical follow-up should be done among this population.

A Real-World Analysis of New-Onset Heart Failure After Anterior Wall ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States

The 1-year incidence of heart failure (HF) after anterior wall ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains difficult to determine because of inconsistencies in reporting, definitions, and adjudication. The objective of this study was to evaluate the 1-year incidence of HF after anterior wall STEMI in a real-world data set using a variety of potential criteria and composite definitions. In a retrospective cohort study, anonymized patient data was accessed through a federated health research network (TriNetX Limited Liability Company (LLC)) of 56 US healthcare organizations (US Collaborative Network). Patients were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision criteria for anterior wall STEMI during the 10-year period from 2013 to 2022 and the absence of prespecified signs or symptoms of HF. Values for 1-year incidence were calculated as 1 minus Kaplan-Meier survival at 12months after anterior wall STEMI. Univariate Cox proportional hazard ratio was calculated to compare risk associated with potential risk factors. The analysis utilized 5 different types of definition criteria for HF: Diagnosis codes, Signs and symptoms, Laboratory/imaging, Medications, and Composites. A total of 34,395 patients from the US Collaborative Network met eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The 1-year incidence of HF varied from 2% to 30% depending upon the definition criteria. Although no single criteria exceeded a 1-year incidence of 20%, a simple composite of HF diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision-I50) or use of loop diuretic produced a 1-year incidence 26.1% that was used as the benchmark outcome for evaluation of risk factors. Age ≥65years, Black race, low-density lipoprotein ≥100mg/100ml, elevated hemoglobin A1c (7% to 9% and >9%), and body mass index≥35kg/m2 were also associated with increased risk of HF. In conclusion, patients with anterior wall STEMI continue to be at high risk for new-onset HF. In the absence of structured, prospective, systematically adjudicated diagnostic criteria, composite definitions are more likely to yield accurate estimates of HF incidence.

Risk factors and prognostic implications for new-onset heart failure with ventricular pacing - a nationwide study

Abstract Background Studies have shown that the incidence of new-onset heart failure (HF) is higher for patients receiving pacemaker therapy with traditional right ventricular pacing, compared to age matched controls. Conduction system pacing may overcome this, but is more expensive and technically challenging. Objectives To investigate risk factors and implications for long-term prognosis of new-onset HF in patients after pacemaker-implant, with the aim of identifying patients at high risk already prior to device implant. Methods All patients without preexisting HF, who received a pacemaker with a right ventricular lead in Sweden during the period 2005-2020, were identified via the nationwide Pacemaker Registry. Data was crossmatched with the population registry and national disease registries. Outcome was new-onset HF within 5 years post-implant, HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality. Results In all, 65579 patients met the inclusion criteria (10351 single chamber ventricular and 55228 dual chamber pacemakers). 13792 (21.0%) patients were diagnosed with HF within five years post-implant. Of these, 6244 (45.3%) were hospitalized for HF (see Figure 1). Patients with heart failure were older (80.6 vs. 76.7 years, p&amp;lt;0.001), had a higher burden of comorbidities, and were more likely to die within five years compared to those without HF (41.2% vs. 19.7%, p&amp;lt;0.001). Independent risk factors with more than 25% increased odds ratio for developing heart failure within 5 years included increasing age, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, chronic lung- and kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, and AV block. A combined score using these variables was strongly associated with increased risk of both HF-hospitalization (OR 1.48 [1.46-1.51], p&amp;lt;0.0001) and 5-year mortality (OR 1.81[1.77-1.98], p&amp;lt;0.0001). There was a progressively increasing risk proportional to the summed score. Patients with at least five points on the score had &amp;gt;25% risk of new-onset heart failure within five years, and patients with at least seven points had &amp;gt;25% risk of new-onset heart failure within two years. In figure 2 we present a suggested score model, based on the results. Conclusions Pacemaker therapy with a lead in the right ventricle was associated with &amp;gt;20% risk of new-onset HF within five years. This in turn was associated with higher risk of death. Based on clinical risk factors, our proposed score can be used to identify patients at high risk for new-onset heart failure. These patients may be eligible for conduction system pacing or resynchronisation therapy. Randomized trials are needed to determine if a score-based pacing strategy (right ventricular or conduction system pacing) approach results in better clinical outcome, and if it is cost-effective.Included patients and risk of HF hosp.Decision algorithm based on results

Abstract 18289: A Real-World Analysis Of New-Onset Heart Failure After Anterior Wall ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: The one-year incidence of heart failure (HF) after anterior wall ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains difficult to determine due to inconsistencies in definitions. Aims: Evaluate the 1-year incidence of HF after anterior wall STEMI in a real-world data set using a variety of potential definition criteria. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of anonymized patient data was accessed through a federated health research network (TriNetX LLC) of 56 US healthcare organizations (US Collaborative Network). Patients were identified based upon ICD-10 criteria for anterior wall STEMI during the 10-year period from 2013-2022 and the absence of pre-specified signs or symptoms of HF. One-year incidence was calculated as 1 minus Kaplan-Meier survival at 12 months after anterior wall STEMI. The analysis utilized 5 different types of definition criteria for HF. Univariate Cox proportional hazards ratio was calculated to compare risk associated with potential risk factors. Results: A total of 34,395 patients from the US Collaborative Network met eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. One year incidence of HF based upon each definition criteria is summarized in table 1 and figure 1. Age ≥65 years, Black race, low density lipoprotein ≥100 mg/dL, elevated hemoglobin A1c, and BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 were also associated with increased risk of HF. Conclusions: Patients with anterior wall STEMI continue to be at high risk for new onset HF. In the absence of structured, prospective, systematically adjudicated diagnostic criteria, composite definitions are more likely to yield accurate estimates of HF incidence.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and risk of new-onset heart failure: a retrospective analysis of 173,966 patients

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Its high mortality and morbidity are mainly caused by non-hepatic comorbidities and their clinical complications. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between NAFLD and heart failure (HF), but large-scale data analyses from Germany are scarce.MethodsUsing the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), this analysis retrospectively evaluated two cohorts of outpatients with and without NAFLD with respect to the cumulative incidence of HF as the primary outcome between January 2005 and December 2020. Cohorts were propensity score matched for sex, age, index year, yearly consultation frequency, and known risk factors for HF.ResultsA total of 173,966 patients were included in the analysis. Within 10 years of the index date, 13.2% vs. 10.0% of patients with and without NAFLD were newly diagnosed with HF (p < 0.001). This finding was supported by univariate Cox regression analysis in which NAFLD was found to be significantly associated with subsequent HF (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.34, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.28–1.39, p < 0.001). The association between NAFLD and HF was observed across all analysed age groups and as comparable between both men (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.23–1.38; p < 0.001) and women (HR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.29–1.45; p < 0.001).ConclusionNAFLD is significantly associated with an increased cumulative incidence of HF, which, given its rapidly increasing global prevalence, could be crucial to further reduce its high mortality and morbidity. We recommend risk stratification within a multidisciplinary approach for NAFLD patients, including systematic prevention or early detection strategies for HF.

Heart failure outcomes in low-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: a case-control study of 680523 Swedish individuals.

Knowledge of long-term outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains limited. We sought to evaluate the risk of new-onset heart failure (HF) in patients with AF and a low cardiovascular risk profile. Data from the Swedish National Patient Register were used to identify all patients with a first-time diagnosis of AF without underlying cardiovascular disease at baseline between 1987 and 2018. Each patient was compared with two controls without AF from the National Total Population Register. In total, 227811 patients and 452712 controls were included. During a mean follow-up of 9.1 (standard deviation 7.0) years, the hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset HF was 3.55 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.51-3.60] in patients compared with controls. Women with AF (18-34years) had HR for HF onset 24.6 (95% CI 7.59-80.0) and men HR 9.86 (95% CI 6.81-14.27). The highest risk was within 1year in patients 18-34years, HR 103.9 (95% CI 46.3-233.1). The incidence rate within 1year increased from 6.2 (95% CI 4.5-8.6) per 1000 person-years in young patients (18-34years) to 142.8 (95% CI 139.4-146.3) per 1000 person-years among older patients (>80years). Patients studied had a three-fold higher risk of developing HF compared with controls. Young patients, particularly women, carry up to 100-fold increased risk to develop HF within 1year after AF. Further studies in patients with AF and low cardiovascular risk profile are needed to prevent serious complications such as HF.

Elevated urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio increases the risk of new-onset heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundAlthough albuminuria has been linked to heart failure in the general population, the relationship between urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between uACR and new-onset heart failure (HF) in type 2 diabetics.MethodsWe included 9287 Chinese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but no heart failure (HF) who were assessed with uACR between 2014 and 2016. The participants were divided into three groups based on their baseline uACR: normal (< 3 mg/mmol), microalbuminuria (3–30 mg/mmol), and macroalbuminuria (≥ 30 mg/mmol). The relationship between uACR and new-onset HF was studied using Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to see if incorporating uACR into existing models could improve performance.Results216 new-onset HF cases (2.33%) were recorded after a median follow-up of 4.05 years. When compared to normal uACR, elevated uACR was associated with a progressively increased risk of new-onset HF, ranging from microalbuminuria (adjusted HR, 2.21; 95% CI 1.59–3.06) to macroalbuminuria (adjusted HR, 6.02; 95% CI 4.11–8.80), and 1 standard deviation (SD) in ln (uACR) (adjusted HR, 1.89; 95% CI 1.68–2.13). The results were consistent across sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, and glycosylated hemoglobin subgroups. The addition of uACR to established HF risk models improved the HF risk prediction efficacy.ConclusionsIncreasing uACR, even below the normal range, is an independent risk factor for new-onset HF in a type 2 diabetic population. Furthermore, uACR may improve HF risk prediction in community-based T2D patients.

PS-P05-2: THE CORRELATION OF HYPERTENSION WITH LENGTH OF STAY OF ADHF IN CVCU OF SAIFUL ANWAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, MALANG, INDONESIA

Background: Long-term hypertension eventually leads to heart failure (HF), and therefore, most patients with HF have a history of hypertension. Conversely, the absence of hypertension in midlife was associated with a lower risk of new-onset heart failure later in life. Cardiac remodeling with major pressure overload includes diastolic dysfunction and concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. If pressure overload persists, diastolic dysfunction progresses and concentrically remodeled left ventricular filling decreases, followed by heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the correlation of pre-existence hypertension with the length of stay (LOS) of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients admitted in CVCU of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang. Method: The study was a retrospective analytic in ADHF patients in CVCU of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang in August 2021 to April 2022. The presence of pre-existence hypertension in admission were compared with non-hypertensive group. Result: A total of 86 patients met study criteria in August 2021 to April 2022, respectively. The prevalence of hypertensive group ADHF patients was 61.6% (53 of 86), with comparable rates for men (74.4% [64 of 86]) and women (25.6% [22 of 86]). The LOS rate was higher in hypertensive group (11 days in average) than non-hypertensive group ADHF patients (8 days in average). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension as comorbid of heart failure patients is higher than the non-hypertensive heart failure group in CVCU of Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang in August 2021 to April 2022. Based on admission vital signs, patients with longer LOS have hypertension as pre-exsistence comorbid.

Plasma Amyloid-β in Relation to Cardiac Function and Risk of Heart Failure in General Population

BackgroundAmyloid-β (Aβ) may be related to cardiac function. However, there are limited data on the association of plasma Aβ with cardiac function and risk of heart failure (HF) in the general population. ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the associations of plasma amyloid-β40 (Aβ40) and amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) with echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dysfunction and with incident HF in the general population. MethodsThe study included 4,156 participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age: 71.4 years; 57.1% women), who had plasma Aβ samples collected between 2002 and 2005 and had no established dementia and HF at baseline. Multivariable linear regression models were used to explore the cross-sectional association of plasma Aβ with echocardiographic measures. Participants were followed up until December 2016. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of Aβ levels with incident HF. Models were adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. ResultsA per 1-SD increase in log-transformed plasma Aβ40 was associated with a 0.39% (95% CI: −0.68 to −0.10) lower left ventricular ejection fraction and a 0.70 g/m2 (95% CI: 0.06-1.34) larger left ventricular mass indexed by body surface area. Aβ42 was not significantly associated with echocardiographic measures cross-sectionally. During follow-up (median: 10.2 years), 472 incident HF cases were identified. A per 1-SD increase in log-transformed Aβ40 was associated with a 32% greater risk of HF (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.15-1.51), and the association was significant in men, but not in women. Higher plasma Aβ42 levels were associated with an increased risk of HF (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.24), although the association was attenuated after further adjustment for concomitant Aβ40 (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.92-1.16). ConclusionsHigher levels of Aβ40 were associated with worse cardiac function and higher risk of new onset HF in the general population, in particular among men.

ODP507 PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROISIM

Abstract Introduction Thyroid hormones play an essential role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Experimental studies have revealed that subtle changes in thyroid hormone levels, as observed in subclinical hypothyroidism, have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system due to predisposition to endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia and direct effects of thyroid hormones on the myocardium. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to elicit the role of subclinical hypothyroidism as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 3 years of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, 2016 to 2018. Study populations were selected using ICD-10 diagnosis code. Discharge-level weight analysis was used to produce a national estimate. We conducted multivariate regression analysis to calculate odds ratio with STATA 17. Results During the study period, 106,970,745 study population met the inclusion criteria and 37,215 of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients were discharged. SCH patients tended to be more female (63.48% v 56.40%), older (mean age 58.22± 0.25 v 49.48 ± 0. 01), diabetic (24.84% v 21.47%) and obese (18.63% v 13.54%). Prevalence of hyperlipidemia and hypertension were similar in both SCH and non-SCH groups (3.75% v 3.24% and 29. 09% v 29.35% each). Caucasian patients were predominant in both groups with similar ethnicity distribution (62.26% v 64.96%). 3.56% of SCH patient had acute coronary artery syndromes (ACS), whereas 2.78% of non-SCH patients developed the ACS. For the patients without history of heart failure (HF), 2.54% of SCH patients developed new onset of HF, whereas 1.11% of non-SCH patients developed HF. After adjusting for age, sex, race and comorbid burden, SCH is not associated with ACS (p = 0.375) or Afib (p= 0.74) but associated with elevated risk for new onset of HF (OR 1.88, 1.62–2.18, p &amp;lt; 0. 0001). Conclusion Our study shows that subclinical hypothyroidism is not associated with higher rates of ACS or Atrial fibrillation, however it is associated with statistically significant higher risk of new onset HF. Further research needs to be done to determine subclinical hyperthyroidism as a potential risk factor for HF and assess the benefit of lower threshold for treating subclinical hypothyroidism in preventing or delaying the onset of HF in patients with associated cardiac risk factors. Presentation: No date and time listed

A nationwide cohort study on the impact of gestational diabetes on future cardiovascular events

Abstract Background The link between hypertensive disease in pregnancy and future cardiovascular events is well established, as is the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes (GDM). What is less well understood is the impact of GDM on future cardiovascular events. The literature is conflicting although suggestive that the risk of cardiovascular events with a history of GDM is 2 fold higher. Purpose Using the largest cohort to date and utilising robust data acquisition procedures and follow up we assessed the prognostic value of GDM for future cardiovascular events. Methods All female patients discharged from French hospitals in 2013 with at least 5 years of subsequent follow-up were identified. Those with a previous major adverse cardiovascular event, history of hypertensive disease, pre-existing diabetes or under the age of 18 years old were excluded. They were grouped depending on their history of GDM. After propensity score matching, patients with GDM were matched 1:1 with patients with no GDM. Hazard ratios for cardiovascular events during follow-up were adjusted by age at baseline. Results A total of, 1,738,101 women were included in the analysis, leaving 1,141,743 women (mean age 52.2, SD 19.7) once exclusion criteria were applied: 6998 (0.6%) had a history of GDM and the mean follow-up was 5.1 years (SD 1.3 years). Those with a history of GDM had a lower risk of new onset heart failure (HF) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.98) and all-cause death (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47–0.79). There was no significant difference in risk for myocardial infarction (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.38–2.03), ischaemic stroke (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.55–1.63), new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.33–1.11), cardiovascular death (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.47–3.36) and major cardiovascular events (i.e. in-hospital cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or new-onset HF (MACE-HF)) (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–1.01). Conclusions In a large contemporary analysis of female patient seen in French hospitals and utilising a robust data set we present the largest population analysis of the association between GDM and future cardiovascular events. Those with a history of GDM do not have a higher risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, new onset AF, cardiovascular death or MACE-HF. Contrary to what is widely thought, a history of GDM confers a lower risk of new onset HF and all-cause death when compared to those women with no history of GDM. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Inflammation and heart failure: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

It is hypothesized that inflammation leads to heart failure. Results from observational studies thus far have been inconsistent and it is unclear whether inflammation is causally associated with new-onset heart failure. Mendelian randomization analyses are less prone to biases common in observational studies such as reverse causation and unmeasured confounding. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relation between various inflammatory biomarkers with risk of new-onset heart failure by using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Ten inflammatory biomarkers with available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) among individuals of European ancestry were identified and included C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin E, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), toll-like receptor 4, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, interleukin 2 receptor subunit α, interleukin 6 receptor subunit α, interleukin 16, 17 and 18. For the associations between the identified SNPs and heart failure, we used the largest GWAS meta-analysis performed by the Heart Failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic Targets Consortium with 47 309 participants with heart failure and 930 014 controls. For our main analyses, we used the inverse-variance weighted method. We included 63 SNPs. CRP, TNF, interleukin 2, 16 and 18 were not associated with heart failure with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.01 [95% confidence interval (95% CI: 0.94-1.09), 1.11 (95% CI: 0.80-1.48), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-1.02), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96-1.03) and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97-1.06), respectively. The other biomarkers were also not associated with the risk of heart failure and suffered from weak instrument bias. This Mendelian randomization study could not determine a causal relationship between inflammation and risk of heart failure. However, some biomarkers suffered from weak instrument bias.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of new-onset heart failure: an updated meta-analysis of about 11 million individuals

ObjectiveRecent studies reported an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased risk of new-onset heart failure (HF). However, the magnitude of the risk and whether this risk changes...

Empagliflozin in patients post myocardial infarction rationale and design of the EMPACT-MI trial

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) are at risk for developing heart failure (HF) and subsequently are at an increased risk of mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been proven to improve outcomes in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, and, in the case of empagliflozin, in HF with preserved ejection fraction even without diabetes, but their efficacy and safety in the post-MI population has not yet been evaluated. The EMPACT-MI trial will evaluate the safety and efficacy of empagliflozin compared with placebo in patients hospitalized for MI with or at high risk of new onset HF, in addition to standard care. EMPACT-MI is a streamlined, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomizing 5,000 participants at approximately 480 centers in 22 countries. Eligible patients presenting with spontaneous MI must have new signs or symptoms of pulmonary congestion requiring treatment or new left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF<45%), and at least 1 additional risk factor for development of future HF. Eligible and consenting patients are randomized to empagliflozin 10mg or placebo daily in addition to standard of care within 14 days of hospital admission for MI. The primary composite end point is time to first hospitalization for HF or all-cause mortality. EMPACT-MI will inform clinical practice regarding the role of empagliflozin in patients after an MI with high-risk for the development of future HF and mortality.