Risk Of Impaired Fasting Glucose Research Articles

Family History of Diabetes and Parental Consanguinity: Important Risk for Impaired Fasting Glucose in South East Asians

Offsprings of type 2 diabetics have increased risk of metabolic disturbances. The aim of the study is to assess the potential effect of family history of type 2 diabetes (FHD) and parental consanguinity on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Non-diabetic offsprings of one or both parents with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls of comparable age, without a FHD were the subjects of this study. Family history of type 2 diabetes was defined by the presence of type 2 diabetes in one or both parents of the subject. Consanguinity was defined as history of marriage with a first cousin. Fasting plasma glucose levels were determined in cases and controls. Impairedfasting glucose (IFG) was identified in 42% of subjects with FHD and in 14% without FHD. We found a strong independent association of FHD with impaired fasting glucose in both males and females by logistic regression analysis after adjusting the data for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). Parental consanguinity modifies the effect of FHD on IFG. We concluded that family history of diabetes and parental history of consanguinity determine the risk for impaired fasting glucose in this study population.

Development and validation of a tool for assessing glucose impairment in adolescents.

IntroductionChildhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Early identification of adolescents at risk for impaired fasting blood glucose may lead to earlier and more comprehensive evaluation and intervention. Because widespread blood glucose testing of adolescents is not recommended, community-based tools are needed to identify those who could benefit from further testing. One such tool, developed for adults, was the Tool for Assessing Glucose ImpairmenT (TAG-IT). Our objective was to validate whether a similar tool could be useful for community-based screening of glucose impairment risk among adolescents.MethodsOur study sample consisted of 3,050 adolescents aged 12 to18 years who had participated in the 1999-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Half of participants were female and 40% were nonwhite. NHANES measured fasting blood glucose and height, weight, and resting heart rate. We used Pearson correlations and regression analysis to determine key variables for predicting glucose impairment. From these measurements, we created a composite TAG-IT score for adolescents called TAG-IT-A. We then applied the TAG-IT-A model to 1988-1994 NHANES data, using linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine how well the TAG-IT-A score predicted a fasting blood glucose at or above 100 mg/dL.ResultsWe determined that age, sex, body mass index, and resting heart rate were predictors of impaired fasting blood glucose and that TAG-IT-A was a better predictor of impaired fasting blood glucose than body mass index alone (area under the curve, 0.61, P < .001 vs 0.55, P = .10, respectively). A TAG-IT-A score of 3 or higher correctly identified 50% of adolescents with impaired fasting blood glucose, while a score of 5 or higher correctly identified 76% .ConclusionThe TAG-IT-A score is a simple screening tool that clinicians and public health professionals could use to easily identify adolescents who may have impaired fasting blood glucose and need a more comprehensive evaluation.

Development and Validation of a Tool for Assessing Glucose Impairment in Adolescents

Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Early identification of adolescents at risk for impaired fasting glucose may lead to earlier and more comprehensive evaluation and intervention. Because widespread glucose testing of adolescents is not recommended, community-based tools are needed to identify those who could benefit from further testing.

Hemoglobin A1c and Postpartum Abnormal Glucose Tolerance Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

To analyze the association of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis with postpartum abnormal glucose in a cohort of women with GDM. Women with singleton pregnancies treated for GDM at a large diabetes and pregnancy program located in Charlotte, North Carolina, who completed a postpartum 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical information, including maternal HbA1c at diagnosis, was abstracted from medical records. A parametric survival model was used to assess the association of HbA1c at GDM diagnosis with postpartum maternal abnormal glucose including impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and any postpartum abnormal glucose. Of the 277 postpartum women with GDM, 75 (32%) had impaired fasting glucose, 61 (28%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and 15 (9%) were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus after delivery. After adjustment for clinic, maternal age, parity, prepregnancy body mass index 25 or higher, nonwhite race or ethnicity, and gestational week at first HbA1c, we detected a trend of increased risk for impaired fasting glucose (P=.01), impaired glucose tolerance (P=.002), and any glucose abnormality (P<.001) associated with increased quartile of HbA1c at GDM diagnosis. Hemoglobin A1c measured at GDM diagnosis may be a useful tool for identifying patients with GDM at highest risk of developing postpartum abnormal glucose.

Elevated level of C-reactive protein is associated with risk of prediabetes in Indians

BackgroundRelationship of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with prediabetes has not been explored extensively in Indians. Here we sought to investigate the association of hsCRP levels with prediabetes, as represented by impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and the influence of risk factors like obesity, decreased HDL cholesterol, hypertension, family history of diabetes and current smoking habit on the relationship. MethodsA cross-sectional study on 1726 Indians, comprising of 1276 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 250 IFG and 200 IGT individuals. Subjects were defined according to WHO criteria based on fasting plasma and 2h glucose levels. ResultsMedian levels of hsCRP were significantly higher in IFG (2.20mg/l) and IGT (2.32mg/l) compared to NGT (1.64mg/l) subjects. Individuals with high risk hsCRP levels (>3mg/l) had an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 2.60 (1.56–5.34) [P=1.3×10−4] for IGT after adjusting the effect of age, sex, medication, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and risk factors like decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), hypertension, family history of diabetes and current smoking. Significant increase in risk of IGT was found with a unit increase in natural log transformed hsCRP levels after adjustment for covariates [OR (95%CI)=1.57 (1.27–1.94), P=3.0×10−5]. When subjects were stratified on the basis of risk factors, we found stronger association of elevated hsCRP levels with risk of IFG and IGT in subjects having HDL-cholesterol ≤50mg/dl and with hypertension. ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that elevated hsCRP levels are independently associated with risk of IFG and IGT in Indians.

Retinal microvascular calibre and risk of incident diabetes: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis

AimTo prospectively examine the association of retinal microvascular signs with incident diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a multi-ethnic population-based cohort. MethodsThe multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis comprised Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics and Chinese aged 45–84years. Retinal vascular calibre and retinopathy were quantified from baseline retinal photographs. Incident diabetes and IFG were ascertained prospectively. ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 3years, 243 (4.9%) people developed diabetes and 565 (15.0%) developed IFG. After adjusting for known risk factors, participants with wider retinal arteriolar calibre had a higher risk of developing diabetes [HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.12–2.29, p=0.011 comparing highest with lowest arteriolar calibre tertile]. In ethnic subgroup analysis, the association between wider retinal arteriolar calibre and incident diabetes was stronger and statistically significant only in Caucasians [HR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.37–5.62, p=0.005]. Retinal venular calibre and retinopathy signs were not related to risk of diabetes or IFG. ConclusionWider retinal arteriolar calibre is independently associated with an increased risk of diabetes, supporting a possible role for early arteriolar changes in diabetes development. This effect was largely seen in Caucasians, and not in other ethnic groups, and may reflect ethnic differences in susceptibility to diabetes from microvascular pathways.

High prevalence of hyperglycaemia and the impact of high household income in transforming Rural China

BackgroundThe prevalence of hyperglycaemia and its association with socioeconomic factors have been well studied in developed countries, however, little is known about them in transforming rural China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in 4 rural communities of Deqing County located in East China in 2006-07, including 4,506 subjects aged 18 to 64 years. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured. Subjects were considered to have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) if FPG was in the range from 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L and to have diabetes mellitus (DM) if FG was 7.0 mmol/L or above.ResultsThe crude prevalences of IFG and DM were 5.4% and 2.2%, respectively. The average ratio of IFG/DM was 2.5, and tended to be higher for those under the age of 35 years than older subjects. After adjustment for covariates including age (continuous), sex, BMI (continuous), smoking, alcohol drinking, and regular leisure physical activity, subjects in the high household income group had a significantly higher risk of IFG compared with the medium household income group (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.11-2.72) and no significant difference in IFG was observed between the low and medium household income groups. Education and farmer occupation were not significantly associated with IFG.ConclusionsHigh household income was significantly associated with an increased risk of IFG. A high ratio of IFG/DM suggests a high risk of diabetes in foreseeable future in the Chinese transforming rural communities.

J-024 ETHNIC DIFFERENCE IN RISK OF ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE AND IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE IN A CHINESE THREE-ETHNIC PEDIATRIC POPULATION

Background Previous studies indicate ethnic difference in the risk of hypertension and diabetes in Uygur and Kazak adult populations. The current study aims at investigating if the similar ethnic difference exists in childhood and the influence of overweight on the ethnic difference in elevated blood pressure and fasting glucose. Methods A school-based survey was conducted in a random sample including 2142 Uygur (34.5%), 2078 Han (33.4%) and 1997 Kazak (32.1%) children and adolescents aged 7–18 years. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured by standard protocols and defined by the Chinese mainland national cutoffs. Fasting glucose were measured among 2295 subjects, randomly selected from the study population by ethnicity. The ethnic difference in mean fasting glucose, blood pressure were analyzed by gender by using general linear models by adjusting age, height and BMI. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with or without adjusting weight status to evaluate the role of overweight on the ethnic difference in risk of EBP and hyperglycemia in the pediatric population. Results Overweight was more prevalent in Kazak children than Han and Uygur children (40.8% vs. 17.7% vs. 7.1%). Kazak children had lowest fasting glucose, whereas Hans had the highest levels of blood pressure and glucose, after adjustment of age, sex and BMI (as well as height for blood pressure only). Han children had the highest rate of elevated blood pressure followed by Kazak and Uygur children (30% vs. 25% vs. 8%, P < 0.001). Overweight was significant determinant to the risk of elevated blood pressure (OR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.23∼1.44), but did not affect the risk of impaired fasting glucose (OR = 1.19, 95%CI 0.86–1.65). Ugyur and Han had similar risk in IFG which is 9 times higher than that in Kazak children. The risk of elevated blood pressure differed among three groups, in the sequence of Han, Kazak and Uygur children (OR = 1.0, 0.67 and 0.47 respectively), and the difference remained when weight status was adjusted (OR = 1.0, 0.58 and 0.49, respectively). Conclusions The ethnic difference in the risk of high blood pressure and impaired fasting glucose, occur as early as in childhood, with Han children had the highest risks of both. The differences between Uygur and Kazak children match that reported in adult population. Overweight appears to have less effect on the risk of impaired fasting glucose than that on high blood pressure.

Dietary fructose and risk of metabolic syndrome in adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose study

BackgroundStudies have shown that the excessive fructose intake may induce adverse metabolic effects. There is no direct evidence from epidemiological studies to clarify the association between usual amounts of fructose intake and the metabolic syndrome.ObjectiveThe aim this study was to determine the association of fructose intake and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Tehranian adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional population based study was conducted on 2537 subjects (45% men) aged 19-70 y, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008). Dietary data were collected using a validated 168 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary fructose intake was calculated by sum of natural fructose (NF) in fruits and vegetables and added fructose (AF) in commercial foods. MetS was defined according to the modified NCEP ATP III for Iranian adults.ResultsThe mean ages of men and women were 40.5 ± 13.6 and 38.6 ± 12.8 years, respectively. Mean total dietary fructose intakes were 46.5 ± 24.5 (NF: 19.6 ± 10.7 and AF: 26.9 ± 13.9) and 37.3 ± 24.2 g/d (NF: 18.6 ± 10.5 and AF: 18.7 ± 13.6) in men and women, respectively. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of fructose intakes, men and women in the highest quartile, respectively, had 33% (95% CI, 1.15-1.47) and 20% (95% CI, 1.09-1.27) higher risk of the metabolic syndrome; 39% (CI, 1.16-1.63) and 20% (CI, 1.07-1.27) higher risk of abdominal obesity; 11% (CI, 1.02-1.17) and 9% (CI, 1.02-1.14) higher risk of hypertension; and 9% (CI, 1-1.15) and 9% (1.04-1.12) higher risk of impaired fasting glucose.ConclusionHigher consumption of dietary fructose may have adverse metabolic effects.

Impaired Fasting Glucose and the Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Events in an Adult Population: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)

The purpose of the study was to assess the cardiovascular risk of impaired fasting glucose (IFG).The associations between IFG, incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular (CV) events remains unclear.The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study included participants who were 45 to 84 years or age and free of clinical CV disease at baseline (2000 to 2002). Type 2 DM was defined as fasting glucose >125 mg/dl or receiving antidiabetes medication at baseline and follow-up examinations; IFG was defined as no T2DM and fasting glucose 100 to 125 mg/dl. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the association between IFG and incident DM and also between IFG and incident CV events.Of 6,753 participants included in these analyses, 840 (12.7%) had T2DM and 940 (13.8%) had IFG at the baseline examination. During 7.5 years of follow-up, there were 418 adjudicated CV events. Type 2 DM was associated with an increased CV incidence in the univariate model (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25 to 3.56, p < 0.0001) and multivariate model adjusted for demographics and traditional risk factors (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.37, p < 0.0001) compared with subjects not having T2DM (IFG plus normal fasting glucose). Impaired fasting glucose was associated with increased incidence of T2DM (HR: 13.2, 95% CI: 10.8 to 16.2, p < 0.001) that remained after adjusting for demographics, highest educational level, physical activity, and body mass index (HR: 10.5, 95% CI: 8.4 to 13.1, p < 0.001) compared with normal fasting glucose. Impaired fasting glucose was associated with incident CV events in the univariate model (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.14, p < 0.001) but not in the full multivariate model (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.52, p = 0.3) compared with normal fasting glucose.Having IFG was not independently associated with an increased short-term risk for incident CV events. These data reiterate the importance of intervention for persons with IFG to reduce their incidence of T2DM.

The Effect Of Aging, Body Composition, And Fitness On Longitudinal Changes In Fasting Glucose

Findings from prospective studies show that elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is linked to variation in body composition (BC) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Higher FPG levels increase the risk of impaired fasting glucose, a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes. PURPOSE: To define the independent association of BC and CRF on longitudinal changes with aging in FPG. METHODS: The sample studied was 7266 men with an average of 5.3 tests between 1975 and 2006 for a total of 38383 observations. The men were from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study and ranged in age from 20 to 96 y. CRF was measured with a maximal Balke exercise test and BC was assessed by percent body fat (%BF) and BMI. RESULTS: Linear mixed models regression (LMM) showed that FPG increased with aging at a non-linear rate. Adding BC, CRF and the interaction of age and CRF to the LMM significantly improved fit over aging alone. Using BMI or %BF to sample BC produced equivalent results. The model showed that FPG increased with aging and adiposity. A graphic examination of the CRF by age interaction found that CRF was associated with longitudinal changes in FPG. Examination of the FPG change trajectories showed that the relation between CRF and FPG was negative and that the CRF effect increased with aging after age 40 y. CONCLUSIONS: Aging, BC and CRF are independent determinants of longitudinal changes in FPG. The statistical models showed that FPG increases with aging and adiposity. The inverse effect of CRF on longitudinal changes in FPG is age-related, after age 40 y the CRF effect increases with aging. Supported by NIH Grants AG06945, HL62508, and R21DK088195, and an unrestricted research grant from the Coca-Cola Company.

Sustained Virologic Response to Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Cure and So Much More

Sustained virologic response (SVR) is defined as aviremia 24 weeks after completion of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In analyses of SVR durability, the incidence of late relapse is extremely low (<1%). Histologic regression of both necroinflammation and fibrosis has been demonstrated in paired liver biopsy samples in SVR-achieving patients. More noteworthy is the sustained responder's favorable prognosis even with baseline cirrhosis; despite mostly retrospective analyses, relative to nonresponders or to those untreated, patients with SVR have significantly fewer liver-related complications, less hepatocellular carcinoma, and fewer liver-related deaths. Although HCV is associated with insulin resistance, successful eradication of HCV appears to reduce the risk of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes development. In summary, chronic HCV infection is curable with SVR attainment, and with cure comes improved liver histology and more favorable clinical outcomes, in comparison with patients who do not achieve the same therapeutic milestone.

Weight Gain and Risk of Impaired Fasting Glucose After Smoking Cessation

BackgroundObservation of early changes in fasting plasma glucose level induced by post-smoking cessation weight gain is useful in predicting the risks of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We investigated the effect of post-smoking cessation weight gain on early changes in the risk of a high fasting plasma glucose (IFG) level (≥100 mg/dL).MethodsIn 946 subjects who underwent repeated health examinations after smoking cessation, changes in body mass index (BMI) and the odds ratio (OR) for IFG risk (adjusted for sex, age, BMI, fasting plasma glucose at year 1, and alcohol consumption) were calculated every year for 3 years after smoking cessation.ResultsAfter smoking cessation, the rate of BMI increase significantly increased in quitters: 2.36% at year 2 (never smokers: 0.22%, current smokers: 0.39%) and 0.46% at year 3 (never smokers: 0.14%, current smokers: 0.32%). However, it decreased by 0.15% at year 4 (never smokers: 0.12%, current smokers: 0.26%). The ORs for quitters did not significantly increase at any time during the follow-up period. However, among quitters who had smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day, it was significantly higher (OR 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.01 at year 1 and 1.71, 1.23–2.38 at year 2).ConclusionsThe time course of the risk of IFG after smoking cessation was similar to that for the rate of BMI increase. In contrast to the findings of previous reports, the increase in IFG risk after smoking cessation was brief and disappeared in the absence of a significant increase in BMI.

Family History of Diabetes and Parental Consanguinity: Important risk for Impaired Fasting Glucose

Abstract Objective: Offspring of type 2 diabetics have incre-ased risk of metabolic disturbances. The aim of the study was to access the potential effect of family his-tory of type 2 diabetes (FHD) and parental consangui-nity on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Design: Non diabetic offspring of one or both parents with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls of compar-able age, without a FHD were the subjects of this stu-dy. FHD was defined by the presence of type 2 diabe-tes in one or both parents of the subject. Consanguinity was defined as history of marriage with first cousin. FPG levels were determined in cases and controls. Results: IFG was identified in 42% subjects with a FHD and in 14% without FHD. We found a strong in-dependent association of FHD with impaired fasting glucose in both males and females by logistic regres-sion analysis after adjusting the data for age sex and BMI. Parental consanguinity modifies the effect of FHD on IFG. Conclusion: We concluded that family history of dia-betes and parental history of consanguinity determine the risk for impaired fasting glucose in our population. Keywords: Impaired fasting glucose; Parental con-sanguinity; Family history of diabetes.

Association of the rs10830963 Polymorphism in MTNR1B with Fasting Glucose Levels in Chinese Children and Adolescents

Aims: We aimed to identify whether the risk G-allele was associated with fasting glucose level and other pre-diabetic and obesity-related phenotypes in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: The rs10830963 polymorphism in MTNR1B was genotyped in 2,030 Chinese children and adolescents of two independent studies. Association with fasting glucose levels and risk of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were initially tested. Subsequently we analyzed the association with fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and for beta cell function (HOMA-B), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICK) and obesity-related phenotypes (BMI standard deviation score, waist circumference etc.). Results: The G-allele of rs10830963 was associated with increased fasting glucose level in Chinese children and adolescents (increase of 0.072 mmol/l per G-allele, 95% CI 0.034–0.111, p = 2.46 × 10^–4). The G-allele was also associated with an increased risk of IFG (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.00–1.46, nominal p = 0.048). We found the glucose-raising G-allele was nominally associated with reduced HOMA-B. No association to other pre-diabetic or obesity-related phenotypes was detected. Conclusions: The rs10830963 polymorphism in MTNR1B was associated with increased fasting glucose and risk of IFG in Chinese children and adolescents. The effect may result from reduced pancreatic beta cell function, but the mechanism awaits further studies.

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Mongolian Population, Inner Mongolia, China

Aim: To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Mongolian population, China Methods: Data on demographic, lifestyle factors, family history of hypertension, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose for 2563 Mongolians aged 20 years or older were collected, and associations between drinking and risk of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Results: Age-gender-adjusted Proportions of type 2 diabetes were significantly lower in subjects drinking ≤25 g and 26-50 g alcohol per day than those in both non-drinkers and >50 g alcohol per day (1.21%, 0.31%, 4.31% and 6.23%, respectively), and multivariate adjusted odds ratio of type 2 diabetes associated with drinking 26-50 g alcohol per day was 0.11(95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.84) compared to non-drinkers, but odds ratio for drinking >50 g alcohol per day was not significant. Conclusions: Drinking 26-50 g alcohol per day was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes among the Mongolian population.

Metabolic indices, energy and macronutrient intake according to weight status in a rural sample of 17-year-old adolescents

With adolescent health a priority on the WHO agenda, research into the diet, weight status and metabolic profile of adolescents is indicated. The present study aimed to assess the diet and metabolic parameters of a rural sample of adolescents. One hundred adolescents (17 years of age) were recruited from schools in Nea Madytos, Thessaloniki, Greece. Two previous-day food recalls were collected for each participant, and weight, height, waist circumference, serum lipids and fasting glucose levels were measured. The prevalence of underweight/overweight, central obesity, dyslipidemia and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were calculated. Overweight was present in half the boys (51.2%) and one-fifth of the girls (21.3%). In the total sample 7.1% were underweight and another 7.1% were diagnosed with central obesity. Boys had an increased risk of abdominal obesity (OR:1.405, CI:0.7-2.8), IFG (OR:1.200, CI:0.3-4.9) and elevated triglycerides (OR:1.514, CI:1.0-2.4) and serum cholesterol levels (OR:1.806, CI:1.1-3.1). Central obesity increased the chances of IFG (OR:8.000, CI:1.6-39.1) and doubled the prevalence of dyslipidemia (OR:2.190, CI:0.5-9.1). Under-reporting of energy was found among overweight participants and was further verified by an inverse relationship between BMI and the ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure. Adolescents identified a dietary pattern high in fats in lieu of protein. Irrespectively of their weight status, teenagers consume a high fat diet; therefore, dietary counseling, as a means of preventive medicine, should be applied to all weight categories. In addition, the prevalence of obesity in a rural sample of adolescents appears to be higher compared with the whole of Greece.

Racial/ethnic differences in association of fasting glucose-associated genomic loci with fasting glucose, HOMA-B, and impaired fasting glucose in the U.S. adult population.

OBJECTIVETo estimate allele frequencies and the marginal and combined effects of novel fasting glucose (FG)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on FG levels and on risk of impaired FG (IFG) among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican Americans.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSDNA samples from 3,024 adult fasting participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1991–1994) were genotyped for 16 novel FG-associated SNPs in multiple genes. We determined the allele frequencies and influence of these SNPs alone and in a weighted genetic risk score on FG, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), and IFG by race/ethnicity, while adjusting for age and sex.RESULTSAll allele frequencies varied significantly by race/ethnicity. A weighted genetic risk score, based on 16 SNPs, was associated with a 0.022 mmol/l (95% CI 0.009–0.035), 0.036 mmol/l (0.019–0.052), and 0.033 mmol/l (0.020–0.046) increase in FG levels per risk allele among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for IFG were 1.78 for non-Hispanic whites (95% CI 1.00–3.17), 2.40 for non-Hispanic blacks (1.07–5.37), and 2.39 for Mexican Americans (1.37–4.14) when we compared the highest with the lowest quintiles of genetic risk score (P = 0.365 for testing heterogeneity of effect across race/ethnicity).CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that allele frequencies of 16 novel FG-associated SNPs vary significantly by race/ethnicity, but the influence of these SNPs on FG levels, HOMA-B, and IFG were generally consistent across all racial/ethnic groups.

Transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphism and context‐specific risk of impaired fasting glucose in African American and Caucasian adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study

Although variants in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene are consistently associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Caucasians, data from large population-based studies of African Americans are lacking. Moreover, few studies have investigated the effects of TCF7L2 on IFG in the context of metabolic risk factors for diabetes. We investigated the association between the TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and incident IFG defined as fasting serum glucose levels of 100-125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L) in 1377 African American and 5152 Caucasian participants without diabetes and IFG at intake who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study from 1987 to 1989 and were followed for 9 years. Incident IFG was identified in 810 (58.8%) African American and 2652 (51.5%) Caucasian participants. Compared to homozygous CC Caucasian individuals, heterozygous CT [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09 (95% CI = 1.03-1.15)] and homozygous TT [1.18 (1.05-1.33)] individuals had significantly higher risk of developing IFG over 9-year follow-up. The association between rs7903146 and IFG risk was stronger in Caucasians with obesity [HR(CTvs.CC) = 1.28 (1.12, 1.47); HR(TTvs.CC) = 1.65 (1.25, 2.17)] or high triglycerides [HR(CTvs.CC) = 1.31(1.10, 1.56); HR(TTvs.CC) = 1.72 (1.21, 2.43)]. No association of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and incident IFG was noted in African Americans. Our study replicates the association between rs7903146 and IFG risk in a population-based, longitudinal cohort of Caucasians but not in African Americans. For the first time, our study provides evidence for interactions between TCF7L2 and metabolic risk factors on the occurrence of IFG in Caucasians.

SEX DIFFERENT RELATION OF PLASMA LIPIDS TO FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE IN NON-DIABETIC URBAN CHINESE, A CROSS-SECTION STUDY: PP.17.152

Background: The association between dyslipidemia and elevated fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes is well known. In non-diabetes, whether this association still exists, and whether dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for high FPG levels are not clear. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 3,460 non-diabetic Chinese subjects (1,027 men, and 2,433 women, aged 35–75 years) who participated in a health survey. Men and women were classified into tertiles by levels of plasma lipids respectively. Results: In women, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was decreased with increased HDL-C. A stepwise increase in HDL-C was associated with decreasing FPG levels (lowest tertiles, FPG: 5.376±0.018; middle tertiles, 5.324±0.018; highest tertiles, 5.276±0.018 mmol/L; p = 0.001). Reversely, FPG levels increased from lowest tertiles to highest tertiles of LDL-C, TC, and TG. After multivariable adjustment HDL-C (¦Â = -0.074, p = 0.006), LDL-C (¦Â = 0.119, p = 0.029), and TG (¦Â = 0.070, p = 0.011) were predictors of FPG independent from age, BMI, and waist/hip ratio. we found that women in the first tertile with lower HDL-C level had a 1.75-fold increase in risk of IFG compared with non-diabetic women in the third tertile with higher HDL-C level (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20–2.56). In men, no significant association was found. We took age, BMI, waist/hip ratio, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical exercise as adjusted variables. Conclusion: In Chinese non-diabetic women, dyslipidemia is associated with high levels of FPG; TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C are predictors of IFG independent of BMI and waist/hip ratio; low HDL-C and high TG are risk of IFG.