Hazard Risk Research Articles

Migrant and refugee communities strengthening disaster resilience

This paper presents insights from a community-led initiative in South Australia aimed at enhancing disaster resilience in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant and refugee communities. Anchored in the principles of community cohesion, empowerment and informed action, the project addresses socio-cultural dynamics and communication barriers. A series of workshops and forums, tailored to account for cultural sensitivity, showed strengthened community collaboration, skills development and increased awareness of the psychosocial effects of disasters, prompting proactive strategies that consider the unique vulnerabilities and strengths of CALD communities. Participant testimonials noted increased community spirit and practical application of acquired knowledge, including understanding local hazard risk profiles and trust-building with emergency services organisations. The findings demonstrate the importance of mitigating access challenges, integrating diverse community perspectives into resilience- building activities and ensuring the inclusivity of management policies. Highlighting the significance of strengths-based community-driven approaches in emergency and disaster management, particularly for marginalised groups, this initiative found that engaging communities as active contributors enables more resilient and self-efficacious populations that effectively bridge cultural and linguistic gaps in preparedness.

Expert and Public Preferences and Perceptions of Different Color Schemes and Map Overlays on a Tropical Cyclone Wind Exceedance Forecast Graphic

Abstract Map graphics are often used for hazard risk communication, layered with numerical, verbal, and visual information to describe an uncertain threat. In the hurricane context, graphics are used to communicate the probability of different threats over a forecasting period. While hurricane graphics have been studied in the past, they have not been designed with colorblind-friendly accessibility and localization in mind. This study presents the results of a mixed-method study, testing the perceptions of different color schemes and map overlays on a wind exceedance map graphic with samples of experts (emergency managers and meteorologists) and the public. Nineteen experts from Florida and Louisiana were interviewed about their preferences for and risk perceptions of the design elements of the new wind exceedance graphic. The graphic prototypes were also tested using a public sample (n = 624) from Florida and Louisiana to study participants’ design preferences and risk perceptions. Both expert and public samples preferred a yellow-to-red scheme, though experts thought the yellow-to-red scheme presented the hazard as riskier and the public thought the reds-only scheme was riskier. Experts and the public preferred a map graphic with overlays; they scored a map graphic with overlays as riskier than a version without overlays. Understanding the connection between color scheme preference and risk perception for both experts and the public has important implications on risk communication as new graphics are designed. The conclusion of this study provides avenues for future research for experts who want to apply universal design aspects into hurricane graphics. Significance Statement This study investigates user preferences and risk perceptions for a new wind exceedance hurricane graphic designed with universal design principles. Experts (emergency managers and meteorologists) and the public from Florida and Louisiana participated in a mixed-method study, capturing qualitatively and quantitatively how a yellow-to-red and reds-only color scheme, as well as interstate or city overlays, impacted their engagement with the graphic. Studying the design features of forecast graphics from a social science perspective before they are operational is important, as the findings from this study reveal how different groups could perceive the graphic.

Leveraging artificial neural networks for robust landslide susceptibility mapping: A geospatial modeling approach in the ecologically sensitive Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu

Landslides pose a significant threat to the lives and livelihoods of marginalised communities residing in rural areas and the delicate ecological balance of the environment. Implementing advanced technologies is crucial for improving hazard risk assessment and enhancing preparedness measures in regions characterised by diverse topography and complex geological formations. Geospatial applications and modelling techniques have emerged as indispensable in mitigating landslide risks, particularly in environmentally sensitive areas. This study presents a comprehensive approach to landslide susceptibility mapping in the Nilgiri District of Tamil Nadu, India, leveraging the power of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and integrating multi-dimensional geospatial datasets. Integrating ANN-based modelling and geospatial techniques offers significant advantages in terms of statistical robustness, reproducibility, and the ability to analyse the complex interplay of factors influencing landslide hazards quantitatively. The methodology involves rigorous pre-processing and integrating spatial data, including landslide event occurrences as the dependent variable and ten independent parameters influencing landslide susceptibility. These parameters encompass elevation, slope aspect, slope degree, distance to roads, land use patterns, geomorphology, lithology, drainage density, lineament density, and rainfall distribution. Feature extraction and selection techniques are employed to effectively model the complex interactions between these factors and landslide occurrences. This process identifies the most relevant variables influencing landslide susceptibility, enhancing the model's predictive capabilities. The state-of-the-art ANNs are trained using historical landslide occurrence data and the selected influencing factors, enabling the development of a robust and accurate landslide susceptibility model. The performance of the developed model is rigorously evaluated using a comprehensive suite of metrics, including accuracy, precision, and the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Preliminary results indicate that the ANN-based landslide susceptibility model outperforms traditional zonation methods, demonstrating higher accuracy and reliability in predicting landslide-prone areas. The resulting Landslide Susceptibility Map (LSM) categorises the study area into five distinct hazard zones, ranging from very high (664.1 ​km2), high (598.9 ​km2), moderate (639.7 ​km2), low (478.9 ​km2) and to very low (170.9 ​km2). Notably, the eastern and central regions of the district emerge as particularly vulnerable to landslide occurrences. The study's findings have far-reaching implications for disaster risk reduction efforts, land-use planning, and sustainable development strategies in the ecologically sensitive Nilgiri District and beyond.

Tailoring emergency and disaster preparedness engagement approaches for culturally and linguistically diverse communities

The effects of emergencies and disasters pose greater challenges for people within culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. Several barriers can prevent people in CALD communities from adequately preparing for such events and this contributes to an increased vulnerability. Queensland experiences heightened natural hazard risks, therefore it is crucial to ensure that preparedness information is accessible and relevant to all communities, including CALD communities. This paper describes a qualitative study that examined the emergency and disaster preparedness information needs of people in CALD communities in Queensland. The aim was to identify better ways of delivering preparedness initiatives through tailored engagement approaches. Three focus groups were conducted with 16 CALD community leaders from the Gold Coast, Logan and Ipswich local government areas. The data gathered showed that CALD communities in these areas possessed low levels of awareness of emergencies and disasters and low levels of preparedness for such events. This study highlights the need for tailored and strengths- based engagement approaches. Disseminating information in suitable formats through preferred communication channels and partnering with trusted sources, including community leaders and places of worship, were found to be effective ways to engaging CALD communities in disaster preparedness.

Identification of Occupational Safety and Health Hazards at Paint and Welding Workshop using the HIRARC Method

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is important for every company to pay attention to. Preventing work accidents can be done by knowing the existing risks, one of which is through the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. Body Repair, Paint, and Welding Workshop "Family 99" is a small to medium-sized entrepreneurship that operates in car repair, paint, and welding services. The research aims to analyze the potential dangers found in the Body Repair, Paint and Welding Workshop "Family 99". Hazard identification was conducted in the workshop work area, with research respondents totaling three active workers. The data collection employed observation and interviews with a descriptive approach. According to the research results obtained from a total of 14 work stages analyzed, two stages had the highest risk value, namely the paint peeling stage with a risk value of 12, and the first, second, and third sanding stages with a risk value of 9. Controls that can be carried out to reduce risks include administrative controls and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for workers to work safely and comfortably.

Hazard Risk Analysis and Cathodic Maintenance Timing With Total Producvtive Maintenance Approach

XYZ is a major player in natural gas distribution in Indonesia, with an extensive pipeline connecting production sources with a wide range of consumers, including households, industries, and power plants. The network ensures an efficient and safe gas supply throughout the region, with good distribution control for reliable service. However, corrosion problems in pipes can threaten the integrity of the system. To overcome this, PT. XYZ implements precautions such as protective coating and cathodic protection. Risk analysis and scheduled maintenance help reduce the impact of corrosion and minimize maintenance costs. The findings of this study reveal that optimal treatment can be established by analyzing potential risks through certain methods. The approach allows for the identification of possible hazards and helps in determining the most effective treatment measures.Thus, organizations can take appropriate precautions to reduce risks and ensure efficient maintenance. Total Productive Maintenance TPM, which recommends that maintenance be carried out every 3 days, has succeeded in reducing the maintenance cost of PT. XYZ Previously, the company incurred maintenance costs from Rp. 60,600,000 to Rp. 55,200,000 per month with an efficiency of 9.78% through the analysis of the maintenance budget. With the right precautions, PT. XYZ ensures efficient maintenance to maintain the smooth distribution of natural gas in a sustainable manner.

Risk Control of Construction Worker Hazards at Heights

An occupational accident is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work, which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease, or death. Based on data from the ILO, every year, 2.78 million workers die due to occupational accidents and occupational diseases, of which 2.4 million (86.3%) are related to both occupational accidents and diseases. In comparison, the other 380,000 workers (13.7%) are due to occupational diseases only. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk control of hazards in high-altitude workers. The research method used is descriptive observational research that focuses on events that occur and is described in the form of a narrative. The results of this study indicate that there are still many workers who have not implemented hazard risk control at height and still do not use PPE when working at height. Controls that can be carried out are control through administrative work procedures, work safety analysis, making PPE completeness standards in the project area that are more tightened, and control of using PPE at height.

Basic Concepts of Disaster Management and Hazard Risk Vulnerability Profile of Gurgaon Based on District Disaster Management Plan 2020

To understand the process of disaster risk reduction and disaster management it is very important to know the usage meaning and difference between the basic concepts of disaster management. While hazard refers to probable event that can occur, disaster is actual occurrence of the event. Any event becomes a disaster after occurrence when it has very wide impact in terms of loss of life, injury to people, damage and destruction of physical structures and environment. Similarly, vulnerability is situation it can be physical, social or economic but risk is calculation of probable impact of disaster. Capacity improvement can lower the vulnerability, lower the risk and lower the total impact of disaster. Capacity improvement by building strong structures and creating awareness among communities will help in building a resilient society to cope with disasters. In this paper we tried to understand the meaning of these basic concept with illustrations from District Disaster Management Plan 2020 of Gurgaon District of Haryana

Evaluating the impact of safety pictogram training on comprehension scores and knowledge retention among engineering students

Safety pictograms are essential tools for identifying workplace hazards by providing critical information about health hazard risks, fire safety, emergency evacuation, and accident prevention. Effective safety pictogram training programs are necessary to enhance workers' knowledge of these pictograms. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a safety pictogram training program on the comprehension and retention of knowledge among engineering students. A total of 262 participants were asked to predict the meaning of 22 safety pictograms regulated by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7010 before and after a one-hour online training session. A follow-up test was administered six months later to assess long-term knowledge retention. Results showed that the average comprehension rate increased from 60.1 % before training to 68.3 % after training, with a retention rate of 66.0 % six months after training. The study found that training positively affected comprehension of emergency and mandatory action pictograms, while lower scores were observed for warning pictograms. Statistical tests revealed a significant effect of training on comprehension levels 16 out of 22 pictograms, with an average increase in comprehension of 11.2 %. Of these 16 pictograms, the comprehension level of 10 pictograms increased after training and remained at the same level six months later. However, the scores decreased slightly six months after the intervention, indicating the need for continued reinforcement or retraining. These findings have important implications for safety education and training programs, particularly in industries where safety hazards are widespread. The positive impact of training on comprehension scores highlights the ongoing need to improve safety pictogram comprehension to consistently meet standard acceptance criteria. Future training programs may need to focus on categories such as warning pictograms and fire equipment and fire action pictograms, which exhibited lower comprehension scores, to ensure better employee understanding.

An integrated appraisal of the hydrogeochemistry and the potential public health risks of groundwater nitrate and fluoride in eastern Ghana

To understand groundwater pollution and its associated health hazards and to ensure the availability of a clean, safe, and sustainable water supply, comprehensive research plays a crucial role. This article presents an integrated investigation of groundwater conditions, hydrogeochemistry, and health implications arising from fluoride (F⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) contamination in eastern Ghana. Analysis of 107 samples revealed variable groundwater suitability for human consumption, as indicated by Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) values ranging from 0.11 to 1.19. The study highlights significant variations in health hazard risks due to F⁻ and NO₃⁻ exposure. Hazard indices (HIs) for nitrate ingestion range from 0.000 to 16.321, for fluoride ingestion from 0.000 to 17.426, and for the combined ingestion risks from 0.000 to 17.602. Dermal absorption risk for nitrate is minimal, with values between 0.000 and 0.049. Spatially distinct contamination and health risks were mapped using GIS, to pinpoint vulnerable localities in the study region. Hydrochemical investigations, confirmed by clustering and factor analyses, revealed that natural geological processes are the primary drivers of groundwater quality and mineralization, with limited anthropogenic impacts. Further, an artificial neural network model with an impressive R2 of 0.976 and low statistical errors demonstrated strong potential for accurate prediction of groundwater quality. The holistic study approach significantly advances groundwater research in the region, paving the way for effective resource management strategies by revealing areas of concern, understanding the contamination drivers, and predicting future water quality with high accuracy.

Full nutritional spectrum and hazard risk assessment of high commodity value aquaculture species in Penang, Malaysia

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing food production sector that aims to alleviate global hunger, malnutrition, food security and nutrient deprivation. This study aimed to update the full spectrum of nutritional composition using aquaculture species. High commodity value aquaculture species in Penang, Malaysia have been shortlisted, followed by nutritional quantification and health risk estimation. Nutritional compositional analysis involved proximate analysis, and amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, mineral and heavy metal quantification. Health risk assessment was conducted to determine whether the benefits were greater than the risks in the long term. Ten (10) aquaculture species, namely golden pomfret, golden snapper, seabass, bigeye trevally, red snapper, grouper, African catfish, blood cockles, white-leg shrimp and tiger prawn, have been studied extensively. The results showed that all species contained adequate protein and lipid contents, ranging from 13.6 % to 26.9 % and 0.4–15.8 %, respectively. The essential amino acid (EAA) to total amino acid (TAA) ratio of the culture species was comparable to the FAO reference values (50 %), with leucine and lysine demonstrating the most important EAAs. Fatty acid profiling revealed that both seabass and grouper were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid. Golden pomfret and red snapper contained the greatest amounts of riboflavin and pyridoxine. The atherogenic and thrombogenic indices were within the permissible ratio (<1), except for those of African catfish. Notably, the arsenic (As) content in blood cockles exceeded the permissible criterion values. Hazard index (HI) assessment indicated that prolonged consumption of blood cockles, white-leg shrimp, tiger prawn, bigeye trevally and golden snapper demonstrated potent non-carcinogenic risk for both adults and children. This study provides an initial platform for informing consumers, stakeholders and policy makers about aquaculture nutritional benefits, consumption safety concern and health indicators.

Urbanisation on the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: the extent of coastal hardening and occupations in low-elevation zones

Worldwide, coastlines have been replaced and altered by hard infrastructures to protect cities and accommodate human activities. In addition, human settlements are common and increasing in lowland areas threatened by coastal risk hazards. These urbanisation processes cause severe socioeconomic and ecological losses which demand policy reforms towards better coastal management and climate resilience. A first step in that direction is to comprehend the status of coastal hardening and occupation of vulnerable areas. Here, we mapped the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: São Paulo (SP). Our goal was to quantify the linear extent of natural habitats, artificial structures (AS), and occupations in low-elevation coastal zones (≤ 5 m) within 100 m from marine environments (LECZ100m) along the coastline and within estuaries. SP coast has a total extent of 244 km of AS, of which 125 and 119 km correspond to AS running along the coastline (e.g., seawalls, breakwaters) and extending from the shoreline into adjacent waters (e.g., jetties, pontoons, groynes), respectively. 63% of the total extent of AS is located in the most urbanised region. Breakwalls were the most common infrastructure (108 km), followed by jetties and wharves (~40 km each), and aquaculture and fishing apparatus (~24 km). Over 300 km of the SP coastline has inland occupations in LECZ100m: 235 and 67 km are adjacent to sandy beaches and estuarine/river margins, respectively. Coastal hardening is advanced in the central region of SP resulting from intense port activities and armoured shorelines. In other regions, much of coastal urbanisation seems to be driven by secondary usage of the cities, such as real estate development for beach houses and tourism. Our findings suggest that coastal urbanisation poses a major but often neglected source of environmental impact and risk hazards in SP and Brazil.

Proactive patient safety: enhancing hospital readiness through simulation-based clinical systems testing and healthcare failure mode and effect analysis

BackgroundRecognizing and identifying latent safety threats (LSTs) before patient care commences is crucial, aiding leaders in ensuring hospital readiness and extending its impact beyond patient safety alone. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combination of Simulation-based Clinical Systems Testing (SbCST) with Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) with regard to mitigating LSTs within a newly constructed hospital.MethodsThree phases of the combined SbCST and HFMEA approach were implemented across all hospital settings. The scenarios tested system functionalities, team responses, and resource availability. The threats thus identified were categorized into system-related issues, human issues, and resource issues, after which they were prioritized and addressed using mitigation strategies. Reassessment confirmed the effectiveness of these strategies before hospital commissioning.ResultsMore than 76% of the LSTs were mitigated through the combined approach. System-related issues, such as nonfunctional communication devices and faulty elevators, were addressed by leadership. Human issues such as miscommunication and nonadherence to hospital policy led to improvements in interprofessional communication and teamwork. Resource issues, including missing equipment and risks of oxygen explosion, were addressed through procurement, maintenance, and staff training for equipment preparation.ConclusionThe SbCST and HFMEA were highly effective with regard to proactively identifying and mitigating LSTs across all aspects of hospital preparedness. This systematic and comprehensive approach offers a valuable tool for enhancing patient safety in new healthcare facilities, thereby potentially setting a new standard for proactive hazard identification and risk management in the context of healthcare construction and commissioning.

Heavy metals in wastewater and fish collected from waste stabilization pond and human health risks in southwestern Ethiopia

IntroductionThis study aimed to measure the concentration of toxic heavy metals in wastewater samples and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) species inhabiting wastewater (waste stabilization ponds) and evaluate their safety as a food source in southwestern Ethiopia. For this purpose, toxic metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in wastewater samples and fish tissues (muscle, gill, and liver) were independently examined.MethodsA laboratory-based cross-sectional study was performed to ascertain the levels of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in the fish tissues of O. niloticus and wastewater samples. Heavy metal levels were analyzed by microplasma atomic emission spectrometry (Agilent 4210 MP-AES) and hydrogen-generated atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS, novAA 400P, Germany).ResultsHeavy metal concentrations were measured in the following decreasing order (µg L−1): Cd &amp;gt; Pb &amp;gt; As &amp;gt; Hg in facultative and maturation ponds, with Cd (27.66 µg L−1) having the highest concentration and Hg (0.349 µg L−1) having the lowest concentration. Among the heavy metals detected in the wastewater samples, Hg showed a statistically significant difference between the sampling points (p = 0.023). The maximum metal concentration was measured for Pb (0.35 mg kg−1) and Cd (0.24 mg kg−1) in the muscle tissue of O. niloticus. The value of arsenic (0.02 mg kg−1) detected in fish edible muscles exceeded the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit (MPL = 0.01) for human consumption. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of consuming fish due to trace metals were relatively low and posed fewer potential threats to human health. According to this finding, children were more susceptible to heavy metal exposure than adults.ConclusionDue to the high quantities of these harmful heavy metals, wastewater from oxidation ponds should not be used for fishing to avoid bioaccumulation. The target carcinogenic risk (TR) and target hazard quotient (THQ) indicated that all heavy metals were below the safe threshold. This research will provide a baseline for monitoring trace metals in various edible aquatic creatures and for future research in artificial habitats and regulatory considerations.

Seismic hazard prediction of the Hunhe Fault in the Shen-Fu New District

Earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation are crucial aspects of social welfare that significantly impact national public security. This paper presents a seismic risk assessment and hazard prediction of the Hunhe Fault in the Shengyang-Fushun (Shen-Fu) New District. The target area is at risk of seismic damage due to two major branch ruptures, namely, F9 and F1; these ruptures have the potential to generate maximum earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 in the next 50 to 100 years. A three-dimensional underground velocity structure and asperity source model were established for the target faults. Subsequently, a hybrid technique combining deterministic and empirical approaches was employed to simulate the broadband strong ground motion of the target region in anticipation of the occurrence of expected scenario earthquakes. The distributions of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV) and peak ground displacement (PGD) for the area are provided, and the results indicate that densely populated urban areas could experience PGA values close to 280 cm/s2 along the fault traces. This study provides a reliable basis for engineering construction and urban planning in the Shen-Fu New District.

High-Resolution 3D Shallow S-Wave Velocity Structure Revealed by Ambient-Noise Double Beamforming with a Dense Array in Guangzhou Urban Area, China

Abstract Shallow velocity structure surveys are very important for urban seismic hazard monitoring and risk assessment. Ambient-noise tomography provides an ideal way to obtain urban fine structure. In this study, we obtained a high-resolution 3D VS model of the metropolitan areas of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) using the ambient-noise double-beamforming method with a dense nodal array. The new model reveals shallow structures that correlate well with surface geological features, with low-velocity anomalies in fault depressions and high-velocity anomalies in fault uplifts. Our findings reveal detailed fault geometries and basin characteristics of the PRD. The Guangzhou–Conghua fault emerges as a prominent velocity boundary, playing a significant role in controlling the development and subsidence of the Longgui basin. The Xinhui–Shiqiao fault and Shougouling fault are identified as major faults that control the formation and evolution of depressions in the PRD. The basin structures in the PRD are classified as semigraben basins controlled by synsedimentary faults. The long axes of the sub-basins align with the strike of the major faults, and the deposit centers are located in close proximity to these faults. Furthermore, our investigation reveals low-velocity anomalies along the faults, suggesting the existence of pre-existing faults facilitating heat transfer and fluid/melt migration from the deep crust. Our results provide new constraints on the geometric structure of the sedimentary basins and fault systems in the PRD area, thereby contributing to urban seismic hazard assessment and offering valuable insights into potential geothermal resources.

Flood hazard analysis and risk assessment using remote sensing, GIS, and AHP techniques: a case study of the Gidabo Watershed, main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia

This research aimed to evaluate flood hazards and risk areas in the Gidabo Watershed using remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Six main factors were considered to identify flooding hazard zones: drainage density (DD), soil, elevation, rainfall, slope, and land use land cover (LULC). Population density, flood hazard zone, and LULC were considered for mapping the flood risk zone in the Gidabo watershed. A weighted overlay analysis tool has been utilized to integrate the thematic layers to identify both flood hazard and flood risk zones. The findings indicated that about 41.6% (337 km2) of the watershed falls within the high and very high flooding hazard zones. Conversely, 31.11% (252 km2) of the watershed is categorized under very-low and low flooding hazards. Moreover, the study identified five flood risk zones in the area viz; very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The result of the flood risk map revealed that 199.5 km2 (24.5%) of the watershed has a higher and very higher risk of flooding. These zones were validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.943. These results emphasize the need to implement prediction of floods, early warning systems, and effective management practices on a regular and sustainable basis.

The outcomes of conversion of hemiarthroplasty to total hip arthroplasty, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acetabular erosion is an important complication in hemiarthroplasty and may lead to total hip arthroplasty as a conversion. The results of total hip arthroplasty as a conversion remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the outcome of total hip arthroplasty as a conversion with primary total hip arthroplasty. PRISMA guidelines were used and Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane libraries were searched. Both, studies comparing the outcome of total hip arthroplasty as a conversion with the outcome of primary total hip arthroplasty and the outcome of cohort studies limited to total hip arthroplasty as a conversion, were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non Randomized Studies checklist. Meta-analysis was performed concerning pooled annual revision, dislocation and infection rates. A total of 27 studies were available for analysis; four comparative studies and 23 cohort studies. Comparative studies were defined as high quality and cohort studies as medium quality. Analysis revealed a significantly higher overall revision risk (Hazard Ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.39 to 2.14) after total hip arthroplasty as a conversion compared to primary total hip arthroplasty. The annual revision rate of total hip arthroplasty as a conversion was 1.63% (95% confidence interval 1.14 to 2.33) in the comparative studies and 1.40% (95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.66) in the cohort studies. A pooled infection rate of 4.34% (95% confidence interval 2.66 to 7.01) and dislocation rate of 4.79% (95% confidence interval 3.02 to 7.53), was found. Literature concerning the results of total hip arthroplasty as a conversion is limited. The risk of revision after conversion of hemiarthroplasty is higher compared to primary total hip arthroplasty.

EVALUASI RISIKO KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PADA PROYEK INSTALASI PIPANISASI DI PT EFE BERBASIS METODE JSA DAN HIRARC

Work accidents occur in the work environment, which can occur due to unsafe work environment conditions or human error. PT TKA is a construction services company located in the Gresik Regency, and its work specifications use fiberglass and HDPE materials. In the work activities carried out by PT TKA, several unsafe actions or unsafe conditions were found which caused accidents. This research aims to evaluate the dangers and causes of danger based on the conditions and activities of pipe installation projects based on the risk of unsafe actions and conditions. Job Safety Analysis, Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control were used as research methods. The research respondents were five expert employees on pipeline projects. The research showed that eleven stages of pipe installation project work were identified, resulting in small, medium, and large-scale hazard risks. The research results show that unsafe conditions dominate the occurrence of danger and the risk of work accidents.

Magnitude and associated factors of occupational hazard exposures among sanitary workers: Propose RASM model for risk mitigation for the public hospitals, eastern Ethiopia

BackgroundHospital sanitation workers (SWs) are exposed to numerous occupational hazards due to workplace conditions such as unsafe and unhygienic working environment in the hospitals. Therefore, knowing magnitude, types and source of occupational hazard exposures with their determinants are very significant for further mitigations.MethodsHospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted in public hospitals, eastern Ethiopia from 1st May to August 30th, 2023. 809 SWs participated. Data was entered into Epi Data Version 3.1 and Stata 17MP version used for analysis. Descriptive analysis was applied to describe the data. While, multilevel logistic regression was explored to determine the association between outcome and independents among at individual level (model 1), at hospitals (model 2) and combination of the two (model 3). The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for models 2 and 3 were reported. Variables with an AOR with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value < 0.05 were reported.ResultOut of 809 SWs, 729 (90.11%) responded. The overall magnitude of self-reported occupational hazard exposures among SWs was 63.65% (95% CI 0.60–0.67). Of this, biological, chemical, and ergonomic hazards accounted for 82.44%, 74.76%, and 70.92%, respectively. The multilevel logistic regression shows that having social recognition (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.14, 0.91), neutral attitude (AOR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.17, 1.41) as compared to negative attitude. The model also found that SWs those supervised could reduce the likelihood of occupational hazard exposures by 50% times (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.18, 1.38) as compared to non-supervised SWs. The final model predicted the variation of occupational hazard exposures among sanitary workers from the hospitals to hospitals was 26.59%.ConclusionsThe concluded that hospital sanitary workers are facing biological, chemical, ergonomic, physical, psychological, mechanical, and electrical hazards. This study’s findings predicted that dissatisfied with their environment, working more than 8 hr per a day, a negative attitude towards workplace risks and inadequate supervision may serve as contributing factors for the likelihood of occupational hazard exposures among these groups. Thus, the study suggested that hospitals could reduce these hazard risks if they implement the Risk Assessment and Safety Management (RASM) model, which includes multi-modal strategies, indicators and tripartite philosophy.