BackgroundLiving kidney donors (LKDs) are at high risk of renal dysfunction after undergoing a donor nephrectomy (DN), resulting in poor prognosis associated with the development of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Decreasing this risk can improve the survival rate of LKDs. We investigated the effects of preoperative conditions in LKDs on renal dysfunction after DN using abdominal adipose tissue, inflammation, nutritional status, and muscle mass as markers for this assessment. MethodsOur retrospective study included 79 LKDs. Body composition markers were assessed using preoperative unenhanced computed tomographic images. Inflammation- and nutritional status–based markers were assessed using preoperative laboratory blood tests. The association between each marker was investigated, and prognostic markers for renal dysfunction after DN were identified. ResultsThe LKDs in this cohort comprised 30 men and 49 women. The median age at the time of DN and the preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate were 58 years and 81.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscle mass significantly differed between the sexes. Each adipose tissue–, inflammation-, nutritional status–, and muscle mass–based marker showed an association with each other. Abdominal visceral adipose tissue and nutritional status could be independent prognostic markers for renal dysfunction after DN. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the preoperative condition of LKDs (assessed using specific markers such as abdominal visceral adipose tissue mass per volume and nutritional status) could affect renal dysfunction after DN. Optimal preoperative management can lead to better outcomes in LKDs. Further research is needed to establish appropriate exercise programs and nutritional interventions.