Risk Of Recession Research Articles

Analysis of gingival recession risk factors

Relevance. In most cases, modern dentistry can successfully treat gingival recessions, thus achieving both aesthetic and functional goals. Conservative, surgical, orthodontic, instrumental, injection procedures and methods, which help adequately manage the position of the gingival margin according to the cementum-enamel junction and keep the smile beautiful and healthy, primarily preserve teeth. Meanwhile, timely identification of risk factors associated with gingival recession is no less of a priority in the individualized preventive approach to supporting patients at the dentist appointment.Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry and Introduction to Dental Diseases of the Ural State Medical University and the Department of Control Systems Modeling of the Ural Federal University in Yekaterinburg. The study examined 60 young adults: 20 men (33.3%) and 40 women (66.7%) who presented to the dentist. The patients were allocated into two groups according to their age. Each group consisted of 30 patients: the first group contained 20 to 24-year -olds and the second group comprised 35 to 44-year -old patients.Results. The analysis of gingival recession risk factors revealed aggressive tooth brushing in 19% subjects of the first group (р ≥ 0.05), poor oral hygiene in 17% cases (vs 19% in the second group (р ≥ 0,05); overhanging restorations – 12% cases (р ≥ 0.05); thin gingival biotype –14% (р ≥ 0,05).Conclusion. Effective customized control of gingival recession risk factors primarily allows normalizing oral hygiene, timely arresting inflammation in the marginal and papillary gingiva, eliminating trauma from tooth brushing and interdental cleaning devices, as well it provides an interdisciplinary approach to patient management at the dental appointment.

Does the yield curve signal recessions? New evidence from an international panel data analysis

In this paper, we reexamine the predictive power of the yield spread across countries and over time. Using a dynamic panel/dichotomous model framework and a unique dataset covering 13 OECD countries over the period 1975–2019, we empirically show that the yield spread signals recessions. This result is robust to different econometric specifications, controlling for recession risk factors and time sampling. Using a new cluster analysis methodology, we present empirical evidence of a partial homogeneity of the predictive power of the yield spread. Our results provide a valuable framework for monitoring economic cycles.

In-silico activity prediction, structure-based drug design, molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies of selected quinazoline derivatives for their antiproliferative activity against triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB231) cell line

BackgroundCancer is a major health threat especially in unindustrialized nations. It surpasses coronary diseases and takes the number one killer position as a result of different global wide influences. Among many breast cancer substrates, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly devastating because it rapidly metastasize to other parts of the body, with a high risk of earlier recession and mortality.ResultIn this research work, four (4) quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed using a series of quinazoline derivatives with activities against triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB231), model 1 was selected due to its statistical fitness with the following validation parameters: R2 = 0.875, Q2 = 0.837, R2 − Q2 = 0.038, Next test set = 5, and R2ext = 0.655. Molecular docking studies was performed for the quinazoline series as well as the reference drug (Gefitinib) and the active site of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (pdb id = 3ug2). Eight compounds (6, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20) were observed to have better docking score docking scores relative to Gefitinib. Compound number nineteen from the training set (pred pIC50 = 5.67, Residual = − 0.04 and MolDock score = − 123.238) was identified as the best compound since it has the best Moldock score and was excellently predicted by the selected model with least residual value, Hence was adopted as template for the design of Ten (10) new novel compounds with better activities and better docking scores. The inhibitive activities of the designed compounds were predicted by the selected model and most of them possess an improved activity relative to the template compound (19). The designed compounds were also redocked on to active pocket of the EGFR receptor and it was observed that they displayed better docking scores compared to the Template and the reference drug (Gefitinib) utilized in the design. Furthermore, the designed compounds were subjected to ADMET and drug-likeness studies using SWISSADME and pkCSM online web tools and they were observed to be pharmacologically active, easily synthesized and do not violate the Lipinski’s rule of five.ConclusionHence, the designed compounds can be employed as inhibitors of MDA-MB231 cell line after passing through in vivo and in vitro evaluation.

The Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on the Economic Growth of Poland and Sweden Considering COVID-19 Times

A demonstration of the relationship between the share of renewables in gross marginal energy and selected countries’ economic growth is the basis of this research. The paper seeks to investigate mutual correlations between renewable energy sources and economic growth for two EU economies and how it influences their fluctuations (increase and decrease). The comparative analysis of results was carried out for less-income Polish and high-income Swedish economies. This research used a regression model to answer the research questions examining the presence of correlations between renewable energy sources in gross marginal energy consumption and economic growth. This study analyzes data starting from 1991 to 2022. The results indicated a positive correlation (statistical significance) between Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Income variables for Sweden (84.6% and 83.7%, respectively) and Poland (79.9% and 79.2%, respectively), which influence the use of renewable energy sources. The findings also reveal that the higher economic growth caused by the use of renewables is observed for the leading countries but at the same time the risk of a greater recession is much more likely than in other countries. These findings would help government officials and policymakers to better understand the role of renewable energy in the economic growth of these countries. This study has contributed to the literature on renewable energy sources and statistical reports under the EU energy sector framework.

Bank Credit and the Risk of Recession: The Role of Business Cycle Shocks

Bank Credit and the Risk of Recession: The Role of Business Cycle Shocks

Community Empowerment Strategy in Facing Global Recession on South Sulawesi MSMEs Innovation

Global recession is a hot topic of discussion of the global public including Indonesia the increasing risk of a global recession and said that inflation remains an ongoing problem, The economic slowdown will make the real sector restrain production capacity so that termination of employment companies close not operating, inflation investors tend to put their funds in the form of investment. The economy is increasingly difficult to have an impact on the weakening of the community's economy, the empowerment process occurs, participation, community participation so that it is effective. The role of the community in empowerment activities, with a focus as an MSME business actor which is an effort by participants and the community is able to innovate and be competitive in facing a recession, as for, the objectives of the community empowerment strategy, enabling and bathing from the impact of the global recession, as well as competitive empowerment in meeting insufficient life needs. MSME innovation in facing the global recession of society, innovating and applying competitiveness. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Activities in South Sulawesi. The main problem, When is the strategy and community empowerment able to innovate in MSMEs in South Sulawesi, the results and discussion, The balance of consumption becomes the basis of economic growth. When consumption is unbalanced, there is an economic cycle. Coupled with MSME innovation, it will result in inventory of goods. So the sudden economic shock, when the Covid19 pandemic was one of the causes of the global economic recession weak purchasing power due to financial difficulties with Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with corporations need to continue to be developed and able to make innovations in all regions of Indonesia, especially in the south by relying on local superior products and paying attention to potential and improving quality and innovation MSMEs. In conclusion, we can anticipate the impact of the recession by innovating MSMEs in community empowerment strategies as well as evaluating spending and following economic developments in South Sulawesi.

The efficacy of immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla with dehiscence in the facial alveolar bone: A case series.

There is no clear evidence that immediate implant placement can be applied to cases with dehiscence in the facial alveolar bone prior to extraction. To evaluate the results of immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla with facial alveolar bone dehiscence. We super positioned pre- and post-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) three-dimensional reconstruction images. A CBCT was taken before tooth extraction (T0), when the definitive restoration was placed (T1), and 1year after placing the definitive restoration (T2). The depth and width of the dehiscence at T0, and the height and width of the facial hard and soft tissues are measured at the implant site at T1 and T2. We calculated the change in the amount of hard and soft tissues from T1 to T2 and determined the correlation between preoperative facial alveolar bone morphology and postoperative gingival recession. 13 women and 7 men were recruited. A total of 20 implants were evaluated. The implant survival rate was 100%. The mean facial alveolar bone dehiscence width was 3.9 ± 1.6 mm, and the mean depth from platform level was 2.9 ± 1.7 mm. The mean implant body exposure on the buccal was 4.8 ± 1.7 mm, and the mean socket width gap was 2.1 ± 0.8 mm. At T1, the mean facial hard tissue width was 2.1 ± 0.7 mm, and the mean height was 2.0 ± 0.7 mm. The mean change in vertical gingival recession from T1 to T2 was 0.5 ± 0.5 mm. We found a positive correlation between facial alveolar bone dehiscence width and gingival recession (r=0.46, p-value=0.04) and between dehiscence depth and gingival recession (r=0.48, p-value=0.03). The results of our CBCT superposition method indicated that immediate implant placement can be considered in patients with facial alveolar bone dehiscence. However, there may be a higher risk of gingival recession with wide or deep dehiscence.

Fibrous epulis with ossification: a case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTION: Fibrous epulis with ossifi cation is a type of gingival overgrowth that is occasionally encountered by dental practitioners. It should be managed carefully, with deep understanding of its exacerbating factors, to reduce the risk of gingival recession and recurrence. OBJECTIVE: To report the characteristics and management of a clinical case of fi brous epulis with ossifi cation, in the anterior maxillary region on a young female patient, and present a review of the literature. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old healthy female patient was referred by her general dentist to the Periodontology clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, for the treatment of a lesion on the buccal gingiva of her right maxillary lateral incisor. Th e lesion initially presented as an asymptomatic non-healing ulcer, which progressed into a pedunculated swelling over a time frame of eight weeks. Th e management of this lesion involved excisional biopsy using surgical scalpel and diode laser, followed by a strict follow-up protocol and oral hygiene reinforcement. CONCLUSION: Review of this patient showed uneventful healing, with minimal gingival recession and no signs of recurrence. Report from histology found that the lesion was consistent with fi brous epulis with ossifi cation. Th is case highlights on the importance of reviewing ulcerative lesions to ensure complete resolution or facilitate appropriate timely referral.

Parental consanguinity among patients with schizophrenia in a rural community of South India: A clinical and genetic investigation.

Studies from certain regions of the world indicate that consanguineous marriages are a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia in offspring. However the evidence is inconsistent partly due to methodological limitation of which hospital based recruitment contributing to significant bias. The studies from the Indian subcontinent, is scarce, where rates of consanguinity is high. The schizophrenia patients living in a geographically defined rural south Indian community and randomly selected controls dwelling in the same community sharing sociocultural, economic and lifestyle factors were recruited. They were assessed for parental consanguinity using the clinical interviews as well as DNA-based estimates. The latter was conducted by calculating the coefficient of inbreeding 'f'. A participant was considered to have consanguineous parentage if his/her parents shared a common ancestor no more remote than a great-great-grandparent, corresponding to DNA-based estimates of 'f' ≥ 0.0156. The rates of parental consanguinity assessed by clinical interview were comparable in both groups (Cases: 10.71 %, Controls: 7.25 %; χ2 = 0.493, p = 0.4825). However, DNA-based rates of parental consanguinity showed that 'f' was significantly higher among cases than controls (Mann-Whitney U = 11315.5; p = 0.022). Seventy-five cases (62.5 %) and 108 control participants (48.6 %) had 'f' ≥ 0.0156 (χ2 = 6.008; p = 0.014). The results were consistent across different quality control measures. Schizophrenia is associated with higher parental consanguinity, suggesting a role for multiple recessive risk alleles in its etiology. Replication in future studies in diverse settings would add further strength to this.

Indication and Timing of Mucogingival Soft Tissue Augmentation Associated with Orthodontic Treatment

Gingiva recession is defined as an apical shift of the gingival margin caused by different conditions/pathologies. It is associated with clinical attachment loss. Several studies showed prevalence of gingiva recession in orthodontic patients. Some predisposing factors should be taken carefully considering the effect of the treatment modality. No consensus agreement was identified about the timing of the soft tissue augmentation intervention for orthodontic patients with the risk of gingival recession. However, several critical factors can guide the decision making to obtain the most preferred treatment option.

Exchange Rate Volatility, Currency Misalignment, and Risk of Recession in the Central and Eastern European Countries

This study is aimed at estimation of the exchange rate volatility and its impact on the business cycle fluctuations in four central and eastern European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania). Exchange rate volatility is estimated with the EGARCH(1,1) model. It is found that exchange rate volatility is affected by the components of the Index of Economic Freedom from the Heritage Foundation, besides inflation and crisis developments. The empirical results using GMM estimation technique and comprehensive robustness checks suggest that exchange rate volatility reduces the risk of recession in the Czech Republic while the opposite effect is found for Hungary and Romania, with a neutrality for Poland. These findings continue to hold after controlling for the fiscal and monetary policy indicators. There is evidence that the RER undervaluation prevents sliding into a recession on a credible basis in Poland only, with a neutral stance for other countries. Except in Romania, higher levels of economic freedom is associated with worsening of the cyclical position of output. Among other results, stabilization policies in the recession imply fiscal tightening for the Czech Republic and Romania, higher money supply for the Czech Republic and Poland, and lower central bank reference rate for Hungary.

Identification of deleterious recessive haplotypes and candidate deleterious recessive mutations in Japanese Black cattle

Intensive use of a few elite sires has increased the risk of the manifestation of deleterious recessive traits in cattle. Substantial genotyping data gathered using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays have identified the haplotypes with homozygous deficiency, which may compromise survival. We developed Japanese Black cattle haplotypes (JBHs) using SNP array data (4843 individuals) and identified deleterious recessive haplotypes using exome sequencing of 517 sires. We identified seven JBHs with homozygous deficiency. JBH_10 and JBH_17 were associated with the resuming of estrus after artificial insemination, indicating that these haplotypes carried deleterious mutations affecting embryonic survival. The exome data of 517 Japanese Black sires revealed that AC_000165.1:g.85341291C>G of IARS in JBH_8_2, AC_000174.1:g.74743512G>T of CDC45 in JBH_17, and a copy variation region (CNVR_27) of CLDN16 in JBH_1_1 and JBH_1_2 were the candidate mutations. A novel variant AC_000174.1:g.74743512G>T of CDC45 in JBH_17 was located in a splicing donor site at a distance of 5 bp, affecting pre-mRNA splicing. Mating between heterozygotes of JBH_17 indicated that homozygotes carrying the risk allele died around the blastocyst stage. Analysis of frequency of the CDC45 risk allele revealed that its carriers were widespread throughout the tested Japanese Black cattle population. Our approach can effectively manage the inheritance of recessive risk alleles in a breeding population.

Stripping: contribution to the control of iatrogenic periodontal effects

The gum and the gingival festoon in particular are essential elements of the good periodontal health and the harmony of the smile. How does this engage orthodontics? Orthodontists are directly concerned by the vertical position of the collars which they must consider. More indirectly, they can have an influence on the gum festoon and in particular on the papillae. The analysis of the literature of the undesirable effects of orthodontics on the periodontium is provided but with limited conclusions which do not constitute scientific evidence. It remains very important to analyze them in order to draw a guide of clinical conduct. The vestibular version and the alveolar expansion present risks of gingival recession that must be taken into account. The presence of the papillae responds to precise anatomical conditions that have to be controlled to avoid disastrous black triangles when aligning the teeth. The shape of the teeth is directly involved in these phenomena. Stripping may be an appropriate therapeutic response to prevent or limit these iatrogenic effects. The approach is first of all diagnostic (identification of the shape of the teeth, analysis of the dento-dental disharmony (DDD), evaluation of the amount of stripping and its consequences on the DDD) and then prognostic in order to establish the treatment plan... The author will illustrate this approach by the teachings of the literature and by clinical illustrations of treated cases. The balance of a smile is based on the respect of shapes, anatomical proportions and the conditions necessary for healthy tissue. It is our role to respect them in the project of establishing harmony. The beauty of the smile reflects the patient's own personality: «Orthodontists are the technicians of the semaphore of the soul», Axel Kahn, Journées de l'Orthodontie, 2007.

Gingival Recession after Surgical Endodontic Treatment and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review addressed flap designs in endodontic surgery which can have an impact on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Four electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus) to identify all studies up to November 2019 that investigated the effect of flap designs on gingival recession and quality of life among healthy adults. The initial search identified 2701 references. Ten studies were included in this systematic review; two were randomised clinical trials and eight were non-randomised clinical trials. Studies showed that sulcular incision increases the risk of gingival recession and decreases OHRQoL. Two studies were included in the meta-analysis in relation to gingival recession. The pooled results demonstrated that submarginal incision showed a decreased weighted mean difference in gingival recession by 0.31 mm (95% CI: 0.12 - 0.51) (p = 0.002) compared to sulcular incision. Sulcular incision flap unfavourably affect the level of gingiva and OHRQoL. All nonrandomised studies had a statistically significant bias and the sample sizes in all studies were relatively small. More gingival recession and lower OHRQoL were associated with sulcular incision. Additional investigations are warranted to provide more evidence.

The Importance of Measuring Liquidity Risk with Smart Financial Applications

Over the past few days, alarm bells have been ringing for the risk of recession in the world’s leading economies (Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Brazil and Mexico). Deceleration is affecting several regions in the world and might even become more widespread, exacerbating investor mistrust and financial market instability produced by the U.S.-China trade war, among other uncertainty factors. Investors have transferred part of their investment portfolios to safe haven assets, such as sovereign bonds, with investor mistrust at record lows in recent years. Managing your investment portfolio when an economic cycle is drawing to an end can be tricky. Even though some experts recommend rebalancing asset allocation, buying treasury bonds, focusing on raw materials, commodities or real estate investment, the most important thing is to learn how to manage risk. In the current context of uncertainty and adverse market conditions, assessing investment portfolio performance optimization, as well as liquidity risk, is crucial, as explained in the chapter “Theoretical and practical foundations of liquidity-adjusted value-at-risk (LVaR): optimization algorithms for portfolio selection and management” of the recently published book Expert Systems in Finance. Smart Financial Applications in Big Data Environments (Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019).

IMMEDIATE IMPLANTATION AND AESTHETIC COMPONENT AS A RESULT OF SUCCESSFUL FORECAST TREATMENT

The aim: Improving the method of immediate implantation in the aesthetic zone in case of bone deficiency to obtain the highest aesthetic and predictable treatment result. Materials and methods: Under clinical observation were 32 patients with different clinical diagnoses in the anterior part of the upper jaw aged 30 to 55 years. In the course of recent advances, the following methods have been used: clinical protocol of immediate implantation with passive exceptional loads by temporary orthopedic constructions, X-ray method using cone-beam computed tomography, statistical analysis. Results: After surgical treatment of patients 1 year after surgery, the distribution of biotypes was as follows: in group 1 – thick biotype 12.87%, medium – 87.13%; in group 2 – thick biotype 27.04%, medium – 72.96%, with p <0.05. According to the results of CT, the distance between the implant and the vestibular in the first group was after 6 months – 1.67 ± 0.04 mm (p <0.05); in the second group of the study we obtained the following results after 6 months – 1.59 ± 0.06 mm (p <0.05). Conclusions: The advanced method of immediate implantation in the anterior part of the upper jaw allows to change the biotype of soft tissues, improve the color spectrum of the gums, increase the thickness of soft tissues with connective tissue autograft, and increase gum density and fixation of osteoplastic material in the presence of defect ), as well as reduce the risk of recession.

How Dangerous the Indonesian Recession Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Review Policy and Strategy to Recovery

This paper aimed to examine the severity of the recession experienced by Indonesia during the COVID-19 outbreak that has hit Indonesia, which has been going on for almost a year. For the discussion to be more focused, this study focuses on the government's policy and strategy efforts that have been implemented to overcome this crisis. To achieve the target of this study, we first collected preliminary reading material by reviewing articles about recession due to pandemics to obtain sufficient information related to the study plan. After the opening section is over, we next provide an overview of how we can convey an understanding of the recession and the reasons behind it. We then proceed to the middle of the study to conclude what findings are relevant. Before completing the results, we confirm that the findings of this study are valid and reliable. Finally, the findings can be summarized as follows: Recession has hit the national economy so that the government has adopted a policy of allocating fresh funds as a stimulus to the most affected residents. Another strategy from the government is to work with outside parties on systems to anticipate Covid-19 and face the risk of a domestic recession.

Immediate implant placement with or without connective tissue graft: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess the effect of connective tissue graft (CTG) in terms of vertical mid-facial soft tissue change when applied at the buccal aspect following single immediate implant placement (IIP). Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies up to January 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled studies (NRSs) comparing IIP with CTG and without CTG over a mean follow-up of at least 12months were included for a qualitative analysis. Meta-analyses were performed on data provided by RCTs. Out of 1814 records, 5 RCTs and 3 NRSs reported on 409 (IIP + CTG: 246, IIP: 163) immediately installed implants with a mean follow-up ranging from 12 to 108months. Only 1 RCT showed low risk of bias. Meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in terms of vertical mid-facial soft tissue change between IIP + CTG and IIP pointing to 0.41mm (95% CI [0.21; 0.61], p<.001) in favour of soft tissue grafting. This outcome was clinically relevant since the risk for ≥1mm asymmetry in mid-facial vertical soft tissue level was 12 times (RR 12.10, 95% CI [2.57; 56.91], p=.002) lower following IIP + CTG. Soft tissue grafting also resulted in a trend towards less bleeding on probing (MD 17%, 95% CI [-35%; 1%], p=.06). Meta-analyses did not reveal significant differences in terms of pink aesthetic score, marginal bone level change and probing depth. Results were inconclusive for horizontal mid-facial soft tissue change and papilla height change. Based on GRADE guidelines, a moderate recommendation for the use of a CTG following IIP can be made. CTG contributes to mid-facial soft tissue stability following IIP. Therefore, CTG should be considered when elevated risk for mid-facial recession is expected in the aesthetic zone (thin gingival biotype, <0.5mm buccal bone thickness).

The cis-Regulatory Element of SNCA Intron 4 Modulates Susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease in Han Chinese.

Objective: A novel functional cis-regulatory element (CRE) located at SNCA intron 4 has recently been identified in association with Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk in European descendants. We aimed to investigate whether this CRE is associated with PD in Han Chinese ethnicity.Methods: A Chinese cohort comprising 513 sporadic PD patients and 517 controls was recruited. CRE variants were identified by sequencing and then analyzed.Results: A total of nine variants were detected, namely eight single nucleotide variants and one new insertion variant. Two variants, rs17016188 and rs7684892, had minor allele frequency greater than 5%. A difference of rs17016188 was observed in males with the C allele serving as a recessive risk factor (p = 0.001, OR = 2.349, 95% CI = 1.414–3.901) following Bonferroni correction. Haplotypes of rs17016188 and rs7684892 showed distribution differences in the total and the male populations (p = 0.002 and 4.08 × 10−5, respectively). Among the haplotypes, rs17016188/T-rs7684892/G was associated with a reduced risk for PD (p = 4.8 × 10−4, OR = 0.731, 95% CI = 0.614–0.872).Conclusions: Our results provide insight into how the SNCA intron 4 CRE harbors variants and its contribution to PD risk in Chinese ethnicity.

Measures and Possible Support Solutions of the Sustainable European Economy in the Context of Actual Crises

The COVID-19 pandemic involves the major risk of a severe recession, and of the economic, financial, social, educational crises, which will affect the entire EU economy, with consequences for citizens, businesses, jobs, and households. In order to guarantee the continued availability of sufficient liquidity on the market, to counteract the damage caused to healthy enterprises and to maintain the continuity of economic activity during the epidemic and after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to develop a plan of measures and solutions. supporting the European economy, both through direct measures of state aid, as well as through measures to support/develop/innovate the business environment through the EU funding programs allocated at the level of the Member States both in the period 2014-2020, but more elected 2021-2027, the effects of the current crisis being both short term, but especially in the medium and long term. Among the objectives pursued we propose: identification and proposal of state aid measures to support the economy in the context of the current epidemic of COVID-19 through close coordination at European level of the aid measures; estimating the impact of temporary state aid measures on the European economy through the intervention of the European Commission; and ways to attract European funds for the business environment through the European Union funding programs existing in the budget for the period 2014-2020, but especially for the period 2021-2027.