Risk Of Bacterial Contamination Research Articles

One-visit root canal treatment of the mandibular right second molar teeth

One-visit root canal treatment (OV-RCT) aims to preserve damaged teeth by fulfilling the principles of the endodontic triad (cleaning and shaping, sterilizationand root canal obturation) which are completed in OV; the advantage is lower risk of bacterial contamination, shorter time without compromising the quality oftreatment results. This case report discusses OV-RCT of man-dibular right second molar. A 23-year-old woman with a diagnosis of asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular mo-lar, radiographically showed slight widening of the periodontal ligament. One-visit RCT was performed using Protaper Next ro-tary files on the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual roots up to X2 files (#25/06) and X3 files (#30/07) on the distal roots. The root canals were irrigated using 5.25%NaOCl and 17% EDTA. The root canal filling technique was carried out using a single cone technique using an epoxy resin sealer and gutta percha material. The treatment was successfully carried out. It was concluded that OV-RCT of the right lower second molar showed success both clinically and radiographically.

Do variations in nasal irrigation recipes and storage effect the risk of bacterial contamination?

Make-at-home nasal irrigation solutions are often recommended for treating chronic rhinosinusitis. Many patients will store pre-made solution for convenient use. This study investigated the microbiological properties of differing recipes and storage temperatures. Three irrigation recipes (containing sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and sucrose) were stored at 5oC and 22oC. Further samples were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sampling and culturing were conducted at intervals from day 0-12 to examine for bacterial presence or persistence. No significant bacterial growth was detected in any control solution stored at 5oC. Saline solutions remained relatively bacterial free, with poor survival of inoculated bacteria, which may be related to either lower pH or lower osmolality. Storing at room temperature increased the risk of contamination in control samples, particularly from pseudomonas. If refrigerated, pre-made nasal irrigation solutions can be stored safely for up to 12 days without risking cross-contamination to irrigation equipment or patients.

Hemovigilance data: An effective approach for evaluating bacterial protection systems for platelet transfusions.

Septic transfusion reactions due to bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates (PCs) are continually reported to hemovigilance (HV) programs. Worldwide, blood centers use different systems to avoid transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis in PCs. Herein, national HV data were gathered to compare bacterial protection systems and to assess the risk of bacterial contamination. HV data with definite transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis in PCs were obtained from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom (U. K.), and Switzerland between 2006 and 2016. These data were reviewed to evaluate bacterial protection systems including early small-volume (ESV), early large-volume (ELV), and delayed large-volume (DLV) bacterial culture screening and pathogen inactivation (PI) treatment. Implementation of DLV bacterial culture screening in the U. K. and PI treatment in Switzerland resulted in significant reductions (P < 0.05) in transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis for the period of 2011-2016 compared to the prior 4 years (2006-2010). Approximately 1.86 million DLV bacterial culture-screened PCs and 0.21 million PI-treated PCs were issued with no reported septic fatalities nor cases of life-threatening sepsis. In Australia, two life-threatening septic transfusion reactions (1.923 per million) were reported out of almost 1.04 million ELV bacterial culture-screened PCs, and no septic fatalities were reported. Meanwhile, in Canada, four life-threatening septic transfusion reactions (3.6/million) and one fatality (0.9/million) were observed in about 1.11 million ESV bacterial culture-screened PCs. DLV bacterial culture and PI treatment significantly reduced the incidence of septic reactions. The advantages and disadvantages of both systems merit further investigation before implementation.

A promising hydroxyapatite whisker with long-term and high-efficiency antibacterial performance and its potential application in implant

• The synergistic effect of nano-zinc oxide and silver ions can realize broad-spectrum antibacterial. • The silver ions in the hydroxyapatite whiskers will gradually dissolve as the whiskers degrade, realizing long-term antibacterial effects. Osteomyelitis remains one of the most challenging diseases for orthopedic doctors despite the advancement of therapeutic techniques. Biomaterials with antibacterial activities are beneficial to prevent infection post implantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of three biomaterials including pure- hydroxyapatite (HA), Ag-HA and Ag-HA/ZnO. The prepared materials were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), cell adhesion and long-service antibacterial ability. The results showed that with the increase of silver content, the growth of whiskers was inhibited and the aspect ratio became smaller. Nano-zinc oxide is evenly attached on the surface of the whiskers. Escherichia coli ( E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) were used for antibacterial tests. The results showed that Ag-HA and Ag-HA/ZnO had good antibacterial ability against E. coli and S. aureus . Thus, the low amount of Ag-HA has a potential of minimizing the risk of bacterial contamination, without compromising the bioactivity, and is expected to display greater biological efficacy in terms of osseointegration. Ag + and ZnO particles have a synergistic effect and can effectively kill most bacteria. At the same time, with the degradation of hydroxyapatite, Ag + is slowly released, which can play a long-term antibacterial effect.

THE USE OF EXASHAPETM BIOSHIELD POCKET IN PREPECTORAL BREAST RECONSTRUCTION: A PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE

Objective. In the few latter, immediate breast reconstruction, performed with prepectoral positioning of implants, is assuming an increasinglly important role in the tumor recovery process for most women. With this study we want to describe our experience in prepectoral immediate breast reconstruction using Exashape, a new pre-shaped bilayer acellular dermal matrix derived from bovine pericardium. Methods. Twenty-one patients with breast cancer were enrolled and went under momo-(5) or bilateral (16) nipple sparing mastectomy, for a total of 37 reconstructed breasts. All the implants have been assembled with Exashape and positioned over the pectoralis major muscle. All the patient answered to BREAST-Q questionnaire in preoperative time six months after surgery. Results. This preliminary study showed a reduction of implant’s exposure time and risk of bacterial contamination, a decreased risk of injury to the implant and an easy assembly and positioning. Of Twenty- one patients enrolled for this study, only five patients had complication: four resolved after surgical revision of scars and one with implant loss. BREAST-Q resulted overall satisfaction with breasts, psychosocial well-being, and sexual well-being were all significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) and chest discomfort got significantly worse (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. Although further studies would be useful to validate our result. We can say that ExashapeTM has proved to be useful in breast reconstruction, allowing a good aesthetic and functional result.

Using a degradable three-layer sandwich-type coating to prevent titanium implant infection with the combined efficient bactericidal ability and fast immune remodeling property

Titanium (Ti) implant-associated infections are a challenge in orthopedic surgery, for which a series of antibacterial coatings have been designed and fabricated to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Herein, we created a degradable three-layer sandwich-type coating to achieve long-term antibacterial effects while simultaneously reconstructing the local immune microenvironment. The vancomycin (Van)-loaded vaterite coating constitutes the outer and inner layers, whereas Interleukin-12 (IL-12)-containing liposomes embedded in sodium alginate constitutes the middle layer. Van, released from the vaterite, demonstrated a favorable and rapid bactericidal ability against the representative methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The released IL-12 exhibited the desired immune reconstitution abilities, actively facilitating defenses against subsequent bacterial invasions. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and cell-binding feature of the multifunctional coating was beneficial for achieving solid interface intergradation. Overall, the benefits of the three-layer sandwich-type coating, including the convenient fabrication process, efficient antimicrobial activity, fast immune remodeling property, fine cell-binding feature, and biodegradability, highlight its promising translational potential in preventing implant infection. Statement of significanceTo prevent titanium implant infections, researchers have designed various antibacterial coatings. However, most of these coatings focused only on killing the invading bacteria over a limited postoperative period. However, the local immune microenvironment is compromised during surgery. Local immune deflection impedes the ability of the local immune defenses to clear bacteria and limits immune memory building from active defense against long-term subsequent bacterial invasions. Furthermore, these coatings are usually nondegradable and differ substantially from bone components, thereby impairing the integration of the coating and bone interface and generating concerns about implant stability and bacterial contamination. In this work, we synthesized a degradable coating that provides sustained antibacterial activity, promotes immune reconstitution, and simultaneously achieves solid bone integration.

Use of Albumin as a Resuscitative Fluid in the Intensive Care Unit.

Use of Albumin as a Resuscitative Fluid in the Intensive Care Unit.

Bile duct anastomosis does not promote bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged during living donor liver transplantation.

Bile duct surgeries are conventionally considered to promote bacterial contamination of the surgical field. However, liver transplantation recipients' bile produced by the newly implanted liver graft from healthy living donors may be sterile. We tested bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged before and after bile duct anastomosis (BDA) during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In 29 patients undergoing LDLT, bacterial culture was performed for four blood samples and one bile sample: two from autologous blood salvaged before BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), two from autologous blood salvaged after BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), and one from bile produced in the newly implanted liver graft. The primary outcome was bacterial contamination. The risk of bacterial contamination was not significantly different between nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged before BDA and nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged after BDA (44.8% and 31.0%; odds ratio0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.03-1.86; p=0.228). No bacteria were found after leukoreduction in all 58 autologous blood samples. All bile samples were negative for bacteria. None of the 29 patients, including 13 patients who received salvaged autologous blood positive for bacteria, developed postoperative bacteremia. We found that bile from the newly implanted liver graft is sterile in LDLT and BDA does not increase the risk of bacterial contamination of salvaged blood, supporting the use of blood salvage during LDLT even after BDA. Leukoreduction converted all autologous blood samples positive for bacteria to negative. The clinical benefit of leukoreduction for salvaged autologous blood on post-LDLT bacteremia needs further research.

Solving problems in Blood transfusion with efficient technology

Blood transfusion is a life-sustaining procedure. But there are several hurdles in safe blood administration which can cause transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) and acute transfusion reactions and even death. Besides, human errors anywhere in the transfusion chain add fuel to the fire. Blood borne Infections like Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are highly prevalent in Pakistan affecting about 7.4% of the general population. Among acute transfusion reactions, Febrile nonhemolytic reaction and the allergic reaction are the most common. Moreover, a variety of human errors and near-miss events in transfusion have been reported in the past. Technology has played an important contribution in upgrading the quality of life and healthcare. The main goal of this review is to point out the problems in blood transfusion and to hint at possible solutions with the use of Technology. In addition to following the WHO strategies for safe blood transfusion, blood safety can be ensured by incorporating haemovigilance systems, pathogen reduction technologies and certain approaches to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Human errors can be halted via a Management Information System called “Blood Bank Management Information System (BBMIS)” which can recognize and arrest such errors simultaneously.

Comparison of Bacterial Risk in Cryo AHF and Pathogen Reduced Cryoprecipitated Fibrinogen Complex.

Until November 2020, cryoprecipitated antihaemophilic factor (cryo AHF) was the only United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved fibrinogen source to treat acquired bleeding. The post-thaw shelf life of cryo AHF is limited, in part, by infectious disease risk. Concerns over product wastage demand that cryo AHF is thawed as needed, with thawing times delaying the treatment of coagulopathic patients. In November 2020, the FDA approved Pathogen Reduced Cryoprecipitated Fibrinogen Complex for the treatment and control of bleeding, including massive hemorrhage, associated with fibrinogen deficiency. Pathogen Reduced Cryoprecipitated Fibrinogen Complex (also known as INTERCEPT® Fibrinogen Complex, IFC) has a five-day post-thaw room-temperature shelf life. Unlike cryo AHF, manufacturing of IFC includes broad spectrum pathogen reduction (Amotosalen + UVA), enabling this extended post-thaw shelf life. In this study, we investigated the risk of bacterial contamination persisting through the cryoprecipitation manufacturing process of cryo AHF and IFC. Experiments were performed which included spiking plasma with bacteria prior to cryoprecipitation, and bacterial survival was analyzed at each step of the manufacturing process. The results show that while bacteria survive cryo AHF manufacturing, IFC remains sterile through to the end of shelf life and beyond. IFC, with a five-day post-thaw shelf life, allows the product to be sustainably thawed in advance, facilitating immediate access to concentrated fibrinogen and other key clotting factors for the treatment of bleeding patients.

Bacterial contamination and organic residue after reprocessing in duodenoscopes with disposable distal caps compared with duodenoscopes with fixed distal caps: a randomized trial

Newly designed duodenoscopes with disposable distal caps have been developed for better cleaning and preprocessing to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination (BC). We compared BC and organic residue of duodenoscopes with disposable distal caps and duodenoscopes with fixed distal caps after manual cleaning and high-level disinfection (HLD). Four hundred duodenoscopes were randomized into group A (fixed distal caps, n= 200) and group B (disposable distal caps, n= 200). After manual cleaning, samples from the elevator were submitted for culture. An adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test was performed for organic residue evaluation. Based on our previous data, ATP< 40 relative light units (RLUs) had 100% sensitivity with 100% negative predictive value to confirm no BC after reprocessing. After manual cleaning, group A had a higher BC rate (14% vs 7%, P= .02), a higher proportion of duodenoscopes with ATP≥ 40 RLUs (73.5% vs 57%, P= .001), and a higher mean of ATP level (226.6 vs 82.0 RLUs, P< .001) compared with group B. After HLD, the proportion of potential BC (ATP≥ 40 RLUs) in group A was 2.7 times higher than group B (4% vs 1.5%, P= .13). Mean ATP level after HLD in the 2 groups was significantly lower than before the HLD procedure (group A, 24.2 vs 226.6 RLUs [P< .001]; group B, 20.4 vs 82.0 RLUs [P< .001], respectively). After manual cleaning, duodenoscopes with disposable distal caps had significantly lower BC and organic residue than duodenoscopes with fixed distal caps. Only a few duodenoscopes from each group did not pass the ATP threshold after HLD.

Making a meal out of bugs

Making a meal out of bugs

Ten years of clinical experience with cyanoacrylate glue for venous access in a 1300-bed university hospital

ABSTRACT In the past decade, cyanoacrylate glue has been progressively introduced into the clinical practice of venous access devices used for different purposes. Glue has been used to increase device stabilisation (to reduce the risk of catheter dislodgement), to seal the exit site (to both reduce local bleeding and decrease the risk of bacterial contamination) and to close skin incisions required for the insertion of tunnelled catheters or totally implanted venous ports. For many of these purposes, the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cyanoacrylate glue has been demonstrated, while some indications are still controversial. This article reports on 10 years of clinical experience with cyanoacrylate glue in a large university hospital, and provides a narrative review of the scientific evidence on the benefits of glue in venous access that has been accumulating over the past decade.

SINTESIS SENYAWA 4’-HIDROKSI-4-METOKSIKALKON DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP BAKTERI KONTAMINAN PRODUK DARAH

Despite of the blood products are crucial for health, it cannot be separated from the risks of bacterial contamination. The bacterial contamination obtained from collecting and processing blood processing. Various species of positive and negative Gram bacteria are known to be bacterial contaminants in blood products such as thrombocyte concentrate, packed red cell, dan whole blood. Therefore, it is essential to find an antibacterial compound that could inhibited the growth of bacterial contaminant in blood products. Chalcone compounds are known to become one of antibacterial since they have an unsaturated-ketone-group which acts as an antibacterial because it can damage the bacterial cell wall. The presence of hydroxyl group has important role for inhibiting bacterial contaminant growth as well. In this research, 4’-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone was synthesized through the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The characterization of the chalcone compounds was carried out by mass spectroscopy using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and identification of functional groups using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Bacterial contaminants from blood products that were used: Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, Staphylococcus aureus from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) was used as comparing isolates. The antibacterial activity was analyzed by inhibition area method. The results showed that 4’-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone successfully synthesized with the reaction product in yellow crystal formation with yield of 72,80%, relative purity 100%, and m/z 254. Antibacterial activity of chalcone compounds at various concentrations of 6.25 ppm; 12.5 ppm and 25 ppm against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are still relatively weak because the percentage of inhibition ability achieved is below 50%.

Determinants of late neonatal nosocomial infection: a case-control study in Ceará.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVES To assess the determining factors of late healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and bacterial multiple drug resistance in neonatal intensive care.METHODS This is a case-control study, conducted between January 2013 and December 2017, in a neonatal intensive care unit in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Newborns showing late HAIs were considered cases and those without infection, the control. Variables with p-values ≤ 0.05 in our initial bivariate regressive analysis were included in a non-conditional hierarchical logistic model for multivariate analysis. P-values below 0.01 were considered significant.RESULTS Of the 1,132 participants, 427 (37.7%) showed late healthcare-associated infections. Of these, 54 (12.6%), positive blood cultures, of which 14.9% contained multidrug-resistant bacteria. Bivariate analysis showed the protective effect of the feminine phenotype (OR = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.56–0.90) and of gestational ages ≥ 34 weeks (OR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.30–0.75). In earlier-born preterm infants, late infections were 18 times more likely in those with less than 30 week-gestations (OR = 18.61; 95%CI: 9.84–35.22) and four times higher in those weighing less than 1,500 g (OR = 4.18; 95%CI: 3.12–5.61). Mechanical ventilation increased infection odds by more than seven times (OR = 7.14; 95%CI: 5.26–9.09); as did parenteral nutrition (OR = 5.88; 95%CI: 4.54–7.69); central venous catheters (OR = 10.00; 95%CI: 6.66–16.66); the number of catheters used (OR = 3.93; 95%CI: 3.02–5.12); surgery (OR = 4.00; 95%CI: 2.27–7.14); and hospitalization time (OR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.05–1.07). The association between preterm infants with less than 30 week-gestations (OR = 5.62; 95%CI: 1.83–17.28); mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.84; 95%CI: 1.26–2.68); central venous catheters (OR = 2.48; 95%CI: 1.40–4.37); and hospitalization time (OR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.05–1.07) remained significant after adjustment. Among deaths, 41 (55.4%) were associated with late infections.CONCLUSION Better practices should be adopted in caring for the premature, as well as in the rational use of procedures, to avoid late healthcare-associated infections, preventable deaths, and risks of bacterial multiple drug resistance and environmental contamination.

Ten years of clinical experience with cyanoacrylate glue for venous access in a 1300-bed university hospital.

In the past decade, cyanoacrylate glue has been progressively introduced into the clinical practice of venous access devices used for different purposes. Glue has been used to increase device stabilisation (to reduce the risk of catheter dislodgement), to seal the exit site (to both reduce local bleeding and decrease the risk of bacterial contamination) and to close skin incisions required for the insertion of tunnelled catheters or totally implanted venous ports. For many of these purposes, the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cyanoacrylate glue has been demonstrated, while some indications are still controversial. This article reports on 10 years of clinical experience with cyanoacrylate glue in a large university hospital, and provides a narrative review of the scientific evidence on the benefits of glue in venous access that has been accumulating over the past decade.

Multidrug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) enters dormant state during heat treatment: A potential hazard in municipal sludge

Reuse of sewage sludge is a general trend and land application is an essential way to reuse sludge. The outbreak of coronavirus disease has raised concerns about human pathogens and their serious threat to public health. The risk of pathogenic bacterial contamination from land application of municipal sludge has not been well assessed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of pathogenic bacteria in municipal sewage sludge and to examine the survival potential of certain multidrug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strain isolated from sewage sludge during heat treatment. The sewage sludge produced in the two wastewater treatment plants contained pathogenic bacteria such as pathogenic E. coli, Shigella flexneri, and Citrobacter freundii. The environmental strain of EAEC isolated from the sludge was resistant to eight types of antibiotics. It could also enter the dormant state after 4.5 h of treatment at 55 °C and regrow at 37 °C, while maintaining its antibiotic resistance. Our results indicate that the dormancy of EAEC might be why it is heat-resistant and could not be killed completely during the sludge heat treatment process. Owing to the regrowth of the dormant pathogenic bacteria, it is risky to apply the sludge to land even if the sludge is heat-treated, and there is also a risk of spreading antibiotic resistance.

Microbial Contamination and Survival Rate on Different Types of Banknotes.

In the COVID-19 pandemic context, numerous concerns have been raised regarding the hygienic status of certain objects we interact with on a daily basis, and especially cash money and their potential to harbor and transmit pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed different currency bills represented by British pounds (5 £, 10 £ and 20 £), Romanian lei (1 leu, 5 lei and 10 lei), U.S. dollars (1 $, 5 $ and 10 $) and Euros (5 €, 10 € and 20 €) in order to evaluate the bacterial survival rate and bacterial adherence. We used five reference microorganisms by American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA): Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Enterococcus sp. ATCC 19952, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi ATCC 6539, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Microorganisms were selected in accordance with the criteria of prevalence, pathogenicity, opportunism, and incidence. However, Maldi-TOF analysis from samples taken from the banknotes revealed only a few of the common pathogens that are traditionally thought to be found on banknotes. Some of the most important factors for the survival of pathogenic agents on surfaces are the presence of organic matter, temperature and humidity. Our data showed that Salmonella enterica survived 72 h on every banknote tested, while L. monocytogenes tended to improve persistence in humid conditions. Survival rate is also influenced by the substrate composition, being lower for polymer-based banknotes especially for Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus sp. The adherence of bacterial strains was lower for polymer-based banknotes British pounds and Romanian Leu, in contrast to the cotton-based U.S dollars and Euro banknotes. The risk of bacterial contamination from the banknote bills is high as indicated by both a strong survival capacity and low adherence of tested bacteria with differences between the two types of materials used for the tested banknotes.

Residual risks of bacterial contamination for pathogen-reduced platelet components.

Platelet components are commonly transfused to patients for a variety of indications, including patients with low platelet counts or patients with platelet dysfunction who are bleeding or at high risk of bleeding. Although the risk of pathogen contamination of platelet components has declined significantly over the last 40 years, it remains a concern for the patients, for blood banks and for physicians. Pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies have been developed to mitigate this risk. This review focuses on the residual risks of transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections by platelet transfusion after PI. We describe and assess the relationship between the bacterial load and the timing and capacity of reduction of the different PI technologies, as well as the risks that could represent spore-forming microorganisms and the possible introduction of microorganisms after PI.

Economic implications of FDA platelet bacterial guidance compliance options: Comparison of single-step strategies.

BACKGROUNDBloodborne pathogens pose a major safety risk in transfusion medicine. To mitigate the risk of bacterial contamination in platelet units, FDA issues updated guidance materials on various bacterial risk control strategies (BRCS). This analysis presents results of a budget impact model updated to include 5‐ and 7‐day pathogen reduced (PR) and large volumed delayed sampling (LVDS) BRCS.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSModel base‐case parameter inputs were based on scientific literature, a survey distributed to 27 US hospitals, and transfusion experts' opinion. The outputs include hospital budget and shelf‐life impacts for 5‐ and 7‐day LVDS, and 5‐ and 7‐day PR units under three different scenarios: (1) 100% LVDS, (2) 100% PR, and (3) mix of 50% LVDS ‐ and 50% PR.RESULTSTotal annual costs from the hospital perspective were highest for 100% LVDS platelets (US$2.325M) and lowest for 100% PR‐7 units (US$2.170M). Net budget impact after offsetting annual costs by outpatient reimbursements was 5.5% lower for 5‐day PR platelets as compared to 5‐day LVDS (US$1.663 vs. US$1.760M). A mix of 7‐day LVDS and 5‐day PR platelets had net annual costs that were 1.3% lower than for 100% 7‐day LVDS, but 1.3% higher than for 100% 5‐day PR. 7‐day PR platelets had the longest shelf life (4.63 days), while 5‐day LVDS had the shortest (2.00 days).DISCUSSIONThe model identifies opportunities to minimize transfusion center costs for 5‐ and 7‐day platelets. Budget impact models such as this are important for understanding the financial implications of evolving FDA guidance and new platelet technologies.