Risk Factors For Anemia Research Articles

Prevalence and risk factors of anemia in the mother–child population from a region of the Colombian Caribbean

BackgroundDespite Colombia's robust well-child visits program, Colombian children and mothers still suffer from anemia, especially in populations of lower socioeconomic status. In this study, we aimed to quantify the prevalence and risk factors among mothers and their children attending their well-child visits in Apartadó, a municipality in the Urabá region of the Colombian Caribbean.MethodsThere were 100 mother–child pairs enrolled in this secondary data-analysis study from a health facility in the municipality of Apartadó, Urabá, Colombia, during well-child visits. Self-reported data included child illnesses in the past two weeks (diarrheal, fever, or respiratory symptoms), child feeding practices (breastfeeding, complementary feeding), child vaccinations, and demographic characteristics (mother’s and child’s age, mother’s education, marital status, race, and child sex) and socioeconomic status. Mother and child anthropometry data were collected via standardized weight and height measurements. Mother or child anemia status was collected via a blood test. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations between risk factors and anemia.ResultThe anemia prevalence in children (74%) and mothers (47%) was higher than the Colombian national prevalence. Reported child comorbidities in the preceding two weeks were not significantly associated with child anemia and included respiratory illnesses (60%), fever (46%), and diarrhea (30%). Stunting (8%) was not significantly associated with anemia. Wasting (0%) was not observed in this study. Reported child breastfeeding and complementary feeding were also not significantly associated with child anemia. In adjusted models, the child's significant risk factors for anemia included the mother's "Mestiza" race (OR: 4.681; 95% CI: 1.258, 17.421) versus the Afro-Colombian race. Older children (25–60 months) were less likely to develop anemia than younger (6–24 months) children (OR: 0.073; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.360).ConclusionsThe finding of high anemia prevalence in this study advances our understanding of child and maternal anemia in populations of low socioeconomic status where health care is regularly accessed through well-child programs.

Cultural and Contextual Drivers of Triple Burden of Malnutrition among Children in India.

This study examines malnutrition's triple burden, including anaemia, overweight, and stunting, among children aged 6-59 months. Using data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021), the study identifies risk factors and assesses their contribution at different levels to existing malnutrition burden. A random intercept multilevel logistic regression model and spatial analysis are employed to identify child, maternal, and household level risk factors for stunting, overweight, and anaemia. The study finds that 34% of children were stunted, 4% were overweight, and 66% were anaemic. Stunting and anaemia prevalence were higher in central and eastern regions, while overweight was more prevalent in the north-eastern and northern regions. At the macro-level, the coexistence of stunting, overweight, and anaemia circumstantiates the triple burden of childhood malnutrition with substantial spatial variation (Moran's I: stunting-0.53, overweight-0.41, and anaemia-0.53). Multilevel analysis reveals that child, maternal, and household variables play a substantial role in determining malnutrition burden in India. The nutritional health is significantly influenced by a wide range of determinants, necessitating multilevel treatments targeting households to address this diverse group of coexisting factors. Given the intra-country spatial heterogeneity, the treatment also needs to be tailor-made for various disaggregated levels.

Anaemia prevalence and risk factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in rural China.

Anaemia is a global public health problem among children. However, few studies have examined anaemia prevalence and risk factors among Chinese children of different ages, particularly in poor rural areas. This study investigated these two aspects among children aged 6 to 23 months in poor rural areas of China. This cross-sectional study included 1132 children aged 6 to 23 months in three prefectures of the Qinba Mountains area. A finger prick blood test for haemoglobin and anaemia was conducted, along with household surveys of socio-demographic characteristics, illness characteristics, and feeding practices. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine predictors of anaemia. Overall, 42.6% of children in the study displayed anaemia. Children aged 6 to 11 months had the highest anaemia prevalence (53.6%). Anaemia risk factors differed among age-groups and throughout the overall sample. Bivariate and multivariable regression results showed that continued breastfeeding, any history of formula feeding, and consumption of iron-rich or iron-fortified foods were prominent risk factors for anaemia. However, continued breastfeeding and any history of formula feeding had the greatest impact across age-groups (both P<0.05). Anaemia remains a severe public health problem among children aged 6 to 23 months in rural China. Healthy feeding practices, nutritional health knowledge, and nutrition improvement projects are needed to reduce the burden of anaemia among children in rural areas of China.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children under Five and Women of Reproductive Age in Pakistan: Findings from the National Nutrition Survey 2018.

Anemia remains a global public health problem, especially in developing countries. It affects primarily children under five (CU5), women of reproductive age (WRA), and pregnant women due to their higher need for iron. The most common form of anemia is iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). IDA is estimated to cause half of all anemia cases and one million deaths per year worldwide. However, there remains a lack of well-documented and biochemically assessed prevalence of IDA based on the representative population-based samples globally and regionally. In this study, we aimed to assess the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) 2018 to identify the prevalence and risk factors of IDA in Pakistani CU5 and WRA. Secondary analysis was conducted on the NNS 2018, a cross-sectional survey, which collected data on dietary practices, malnutrition, and food insecurity. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels < 11.0 g/dL in children and 12.0 g/dL in women. IDA was defined as low hemoglobin and low ferritin (<12 ng/mL) levels, adjusted for inflammation using AGP and CRP biomarkers in CU5 and WRA. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted using Stata statistical software (version 16). We also compared the IDA rates of NNS 2018 and 2011. A total of 17,814 CU5 and 22,114 WRA were included in the analysis. Of the CU5, 28.9% had IDA, while 18.4% of WRA reported to experience IDA. Among the CU5, IDA was most prevalent among male children aged 6-23 months living in rural areas and with the presence of diarrhea and fevers in the last 2 weeks. Children whose mothers had no education, were aged 20-34 years, and employed, had a higher prevalence of IDA. Married WRA, who are employed, living in rural areas, and with no education, had a higher prevalence of IDA. In the multivariable logistic regression, children aged 6-23 months (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.08-1.33], p < 0.001) and with the presence of diarrhea in the last 2 weeks (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.13-1.54], p < 0.001) or fever (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.02-1.32], p = 0.02) had higher odds of IDA. At the household level, the odds of IDA among CU5 were higher in the poorest households (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.08-1.50], p = 0.005), with ≥5 CU5 (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.28-3.11], p = 0.002), and with no access to improved sanitation facilities (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.02-1.34], p = 0.026). For WRA, the multivariable logistic regression found that the odds of IDA were higher among women with vitamin A deficiency (Severe: AOR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.05-1.52], p = 0.013; Mild: AOR = 1.36, 95% CI [1.23-1.51], p < 0.001), zinc deficiency (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI [1.28-1.57], p < 0.001), no education (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI [1.30-1.81], p < 0.001), and from severely food insecure households (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.07-1.34], p = 0.001). The odds of IDA were lower among women whose body mass index was overweight (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.69-0.86], p < 0.001) or obese (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.62-0.81], p < 0.001). The child's age, presence of diarrhea or fever, place of residence, household size, wealth status, and access to sanitation facilities were significantly associated with IDA among CU5 in Pakistan. For WRA, education, body mass index, vitamin A and zinc status, household food security status, wealth status, and access to sanitation facilities were significantly associated with IDA. Large, well-established, government-funded programmes focused on micronutrient supplementation, food fortification, the diversification of food supplies, and the treatment and prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases are needed to prevent IDA and all forms of anemia among children and women in Pakistan.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may induce anemia, ranging from 25% to 75% depending on the study population and diagnostic criteria. It might negatively impact their health and quality of life. Objectives The aim of this work is to study the effectiveness and safety of treatments for anemia in patients with IBD. Methodology This case-control study compared patients with IBD who have anemia (cases; n=60) with patients who have IBD but do not have anemia (controls; n=60) from June 2019 to August 2021 in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan. Data were collected through interviews, from patients` medical records, and from lab test reports. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, Version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Cases had a greater mean age (45.2 years) than controls (42.8 years). Cases included 60% females and controls 45%. Also, cases earned less (p = 0.019). Anemic patients (group 1) had lower mean hemoglobin (10.2 g/dL) and iron than non-anemic controls (group 2) (p = 0.042 and 0.009, respectively). Anemia increased Crohn's Disease Activity Index and Mayo Score. Group 1 has iron deficiency anemia, whereas group 2 has chronic disease. Group 1 reacts rapidly, but gastrointestinal side effects, allergies, and iron overload are more prevalent. Conclusion IBD patients exhibited low hemoglobin and iron, suggesting anemia. Anemia increased disease activity, but not statistically. IBD patients need iron and anemia treatment. Comparing groups demonstrates differences in anemia types, iron replacement history, treatment response, and bad effects, proposing targeted iron supplementation for deficiency anemia and managing chronic illness factors for chronic disease anemia. IBD anemia treatment involves individualization.

Decrease in Haemoglobin in Association with Aneurysm Volume Loss after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Anaemia (low haemoglobin [Hb]) is well known to be associated with high mortality and adverse cardiac events following surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, little is known about the relationship of AAA volume and Hb level alterations with endovascular repair of AAA. This study aimed to examine the changes in the Hb level and aneurysm volume before and after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for AAA and determine the relationship between the post-operative Hb level and the volume loss of AAA. This retrospective study reviewed patients with AAA who underwent EVAR between January 2020 and February 2021 at a tertiary medical centre. The clinical features and medical history of the patients were analysed. Alterations in the Hb level were recorded, and the AAA volume was calculated from computed tomography angiography images before and after EVAR to infer the association between the post-operative Hb level and alterations in AAA volume. Moreover, AAA volume, pre-operative Hb level and medical history were studied to identify the risk factors for anaemia 24 h after EVAR. A total of 74 patients (mean age, 67 7.9 years) were included in this study. The Hb level decreased significantly 24 h after EVAR, and the post-operative Hb level was negatively correlated with AAA volume loss (r = -0.252, p = 0.041). No relationship was observed between AAA volume loss and decrease in the Hb level (r = 0.072, p = 0.571) or between pre-operative AAA volume and decrease in the Hb level (r = 0.072, p = 0.566). Furthermore, 59.5% of the patients (n = 44) developed anaemia 24 h after EVAR. The odds ratio (OR) of anaemia 24 h after EVAR was 5.3 times higher in those with hypertension (OR, 5.304; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.024-27.424) than in those without the condition. The pre-operative Hb level (or normal Hb level) was a protective factor (OR = 0.909; 95% CI, 0.853-0.969). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.840. The post-operative Hb level declined significantly, and AAA volume loss contributed to it. Moreover, hypertension was identified to be a risk factor for anaemia 24 h after EVAR, and pre-operative Hb level was discerned to be a protective factor. The findings suggest that decrease in the Hb level in the early post-EVAR stage warrants the attention of surgeons, especially in patients with a history of hypertension or a low pre-operative Hb level.

Prevalence of Anaemia among Antenatal Clinic Attendees at A Tertiary Hospital in South West, Nigeria

Introduction: Anaemia in pregnancy is a global public health problem causing both maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities. Prevalent rates vary from one geopolitical region to the other. Efforts have been made to reduce this condition during pregnancy through the use of haematinics and other interventions. However, despite all the efforts put in place, pregnant women still present with this condition. This study was carried out to find out its prevalence rate and the factors responsible for it. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional institutional based study carried out at the antenatal clinic of the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital Complex, Akure, Ondo State, South West, Nigeria. The study used a systematic sampling to recruit 400 antenatal clinic patients over a period of 16weeks starting from the 16th of August to 16th of December 2022.The women were interviewed with copies of a structured questionnaire administered by trained research doctors who also helped in the collection of the blood samples. About 3mls of venous blood was collected from the antecubital vein using plastic disposable syringes into sample bottles containing ethylene diamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and the bottles labelled accordingly. Packed cell volume and red cell morphology were done for the women at the time of recruitment. Data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22). Descriptive statistics were computed for all relevant variables, Chi Square test and Multivariate logistic regression were used to test for association and possible risk factors for anaemia. The level of significance was set at ???? &lt; 0.05. Results: Most of the women were within 30years- 39years (51.2%, 205) with a mean age of 31.61years±5.37years. Most of them were married (97.3%, 389), were Christians (94.5%, 378), were Yorubas (82.8%, 331), were traders (40.3%, 161), had tertiary level of education (68.8%, 275) and lived in the urban areas of Ondo State (89.5%,358). Most had their first menses between the ages of 10 to 15 years (79.2%, 317) with a mean age of 14.24 ± 2.12 years. Majority had inter- pregnancy interval of ≤ 2 years (53.7%, 215). There was no history of bleeding in most of the women (91.5%, 366), many of them were in the third trimester of their pregnancy (64.1%, 257) with a mean gestational age of 28.83 ± 6.91 weeks. The prevalence of anaemia among the study participants was 40.0% (160/400) while 60% (240/400) were not anaemic. Among the participants who were anaemic, 77.5% (124/160) had mild anaemia, 22.5% (36/160) had moderate anaemia while none had severe anaemia. The only risk factors identified to be responsible for anaemia among the women were high parity and being in the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of anaemia is still high among our women mostly occurring among women of high parity and in the third trimester of pregnancy. Efforts must be intensified to address this condition through the use of haematinics which can be started pre-conception and adequate counselling on the need to fully recover from the effects of one pregnancy before embarking on another.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for anemia of chronic inflammation (experimental research)

The aim of the study. In recent years, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The main consequence of NAFLD is chronic hepatic inflammation, which leads to dyslipidemia, inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Immune activation in response to interaction with agents of a metabolic nature induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, which subsequently cause iron сhomeostasis disorder. This leads to a frequent association of NAFLD with anemia of various etiology. In this regard, we considered it important to assess the severity of the systemic inflammatory response in NAFLD in the experiment in order to -diagnose anemia of chronic inflammation.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 26 male Wistar rats, which were divided into control and experimental groups. In animals of the experimental group, NAFLD was modeled according to the generally accepted method. In order to assess metabolic disorders, we determined the main biochemical parameters, a complete blood count with the calculation of erythrocyte indices, the concentration of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines – interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6. Results. In laboratory rats with NAFLD, a statistically significant increase of intrahepatic enzymes in blood serum was found. The state of the erythrocyte lineage of hematopoiesis in the experimental group progressively worsened and caused the development of anemic syndrome. Synchronously, a statistically significant increase in serum levels of IL-1, IL-6 was recorded, which confirms the correlation of NAFLD with anemia of chronic inflammation.Conclusions. A high concentration of IL-1, IL-6 cytokines in NAFLD inhibits iron absorption in the duodenum, leads to the activation of macrophages, blocking the release of iron processed from aging erythrocytes into plasma. Further study of the mechanisms of anemia in NAFLD provides important therapeutic targets in the treatment of both NAFLD and its comorbidities.

Characterization of pre-operative anemia in patients undergoing surgery by a gynecologic oncologist and association with post-operative complications

ObjectiveAnemia is prevalent in patients with gynecologic cancers and is associated with increased peri-operative morbidity. We aimed to characterize risk factors for pre-operative anemia and describe outcomes among patients undergoing...

Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Anemia among Females of Age Group 10-45 Years in a Rural Population of Gurugram, Haryana

Introduction: Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. Its Prevalence is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of unfavorable socio- demographic factors and indigent access to healthcare services. Therefore, it is pertinent to find the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors. Objective: To find out prevalence and socio- demographic factors associated with anaemia among females of age group 10-45 years in a rural population of Gurugram, Haryana. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in villages under PHC Garhi Harsaru in Gurugram, Haryana among 452 females of age group 10-45 years by two stage random sampling technique. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 25 ± 6.39 years. The overall prevalence of anemia among women of age group of 10-45 years was found to be 62.39%. Joint family, lower literacy, and low socioeconomic status were found to be statistically significant risk factors for anaemia among study subjects. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia was very high; therefore attempts should be made to sensitize the rural population through health and nutrition education, information, education and communication (IEC) and appropriate behaviour change communication (BCC) activities.

14: Inflammation and micronutrient deficiency as major risk factors for anemia in children with intestinal failure

14: Inflammation and micronutrient deficiency as major risk factors for anemia in children with intestinal failure

Behavior of Preventing Nutritional Anemia in Students Who Have Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) Below Normal

The results of the 2018 Riskesdas showed that the incidence of anemia had increased from 2013, which was 37.1% to 48.9%. The increase in this figure is due to low nutritional status during pregnancy and improvement of the nutritional status can be started when they are teenagers or before pregnancy and marriage. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of preventing nutritional anemia in Public Health Faculty, Halu Oleo University students. This study used a descriptive research technique with a population of 42 female students with a sampling size of 30 samples. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. The target population is based on students who have Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) below normal as a risk factor for Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) and anemia in adolescents. The results showed that there were 22 respondents who had sufficient knowledge (73.3%), 21 respondents who had a positive attitude (70.0%), and 20 respondents who had good actions (66.7%). The conclusion from this study was that students' knowledge was quite good but the proportion of poor anemia prevention measures was also still large, namely 33.3%.

Risk Factors for Anaemia in Pregnant Women who Take Iron Folic Acid Tablets in Locus Stunting Districts in Indonesia

Controlling anaemia in pregnant women is carried out through iron folic acid tablets (IFA) supplementation. The IFA supplementation for pregnant women in Indonesia has been carried out for a long time, but the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women is still high. The results from the evaluation of anaemia management of pregnant women in Locus Stunting in 2021, showed that the proportion of anaemic pregnant women is higher in pregnant women who have taken IFA. Therefore, analysis was carried out to identify risk factors for anaemia in pregnant women who had taken IFA. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, along χ2 tests and logistic regression. The proportion of anaemic pregnant women who have taken IFA was 39.8% while the proportion of pregnant women who have never consumed IFA was 33.7% (p&lt;0.05). The results of the bi-variate analysis of risk factors for anaemia in pregnant women who consume IFA were poor families, chronic energy malnutrition, and low consumption of meat, poultry, or fish. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for anaemia in pregnant women were those who have low family well-being, chronic energy malnutrition, second and third trimesters gestational age and low consumption of meat, poultry and fish.&#x0D; Keywords: anemia, pregnant women, iron folic acid

Adherence to iron supplement intake during pregnancy and associated factors in Ethiopia: Further analysis of a national population-based study.

Iron deficiency during pregnancy is a risk factor for anemia, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. Poor adherence to iron supplement intake remains a problem in many countries including Ethiopia. This analysis aimed at determining the proportion of adherence to iron supplement intake and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. We used the data from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS), which is a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey. A weighted sample of 3927 pregnant women was included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with adherence to iron supplement intake. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value <.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Our analysis revealed that out of 2356 (60.0%) pregnant women who took iron supplements during their most recent pregnancy, only 417 (17.7%; 95% CI: 0.162-0.193) adhered to the WHO-recommended iron intake for 90 days or more. The subnational regions, level of education, literacy, the timing of first antenatal care booking, and past place of delivery were significantly associated with iron supplement intake. Interventions to enhance the uptake of iron supplementation better focus on improving women's education and literacy, early initiation and frequency of ANC visits, and institutional delivery. Raising community awareness through educating pregnant women is also recommended to improve adherence to iron supplement intake.

Kejadian anemia, pola menstrual bleeding dan status nutrisi pada siswi di SMAN 3 Salahutu, Maluku Tengah

Background: Anemia is a nutritional problem with a high incidence. Anemia is characterized by decreased hemoglobin (Hb) levels below normal. Adolescents are one of the groups at high risk of anemia because they experience menstrual cycles every month. Irregular menstrual bleeding patterns and nutrition can also be risk factors for anemia. Prevention of anemia is necessary to reduce the risk of anemia.Objectives: To determine the incidence of anemia, menstrual bleeding patterns, and nutritional status in female students at Salahutu Senior High School, Central Maluku.Methods: The study was descriptive and observational with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in October-December 2022 at Senior High School 3 Salahutu, Central Maluku. The number of subjects was 142, who met the inclusion criteria with an age range from 14 to 19 years. The research variables consisted of checking Hb levels using digital hb, and anthropometric measurements, namely BMI, and filling out questionnaires. Data analysis in this study used the Chi-square test at the 95% significance level.Results: The results showed that the number of age categories 16 years with the highest number of subjects, 35,9%, and underweight IMT category as much as 59,2%. The results of the anemia hemoglobin examination were 7,7%. The age of menarche is mainly at the age of 13 years 34,5%, and based on the length of menstruation, 3-5 days as much as 66,9% and 5-7 days as much as 29,6% with a menstrual cycle of 21-28 days as much as 59,9%. There was no relationship between nutritional status and duration of menstruation (p = 0,648) and Hb levels (p = 0,552). There is a relationship between nutritional status and menstrual cycle (p = 0,020).Conclusion: There is no relationship between nutritional status and duration of menstruation and Hb levels, but there is a relationship between nutritional status and menstrual cycle.

Clinicopathological characteristics of autoimmune gastritis: A single-center retrospective study

Background and AimAutoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a prominent risk factor for pernicious anemia (PA) and gastric neoplasia. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of AIG patients in China, with a focus on those who had positive anti-intrinsic factor antibodies (AIFA). MethodsA total of 103 AIG patients who were diagnosed between January 2018 and August 2022 were reviewed in a large academic tertiary teaching hospital. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of AIFA, and their serologic and histopathological characteristics were analyzed. ResultsThe mean age of the 103 AIG patients was 54.16±11.92 years (range 23–79), with 69 (66.99%) being women. AIFA were present in 28.16% of patients. Patients with AIFA-positive had a higher risk of PA than those with AIFA-negative, as demonstrated by a larger mean corpuscular volume (MCV), lower hemoglobin level, and lower vitamin B-12 level (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in gastric histopathology, gastrin level, and pepsinogen level when patients were divided into AIFA-positive and AIFA-negative group. Of the 103 cases, 34 (33.01%) were concomitant with other autoimmune diseases, with autoimmune thyroid diseases being the most common (25.24%, 26/103). Thyroid peroxidase antibody, which accounted for 45.45% (25/55), was the most prevalent thyroid antibody, followed by anti-thyroglobulin antibody (34.55%, 19/55), thyroid stimulating antibody (12.73%, 7/55), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (3.64%, 2/55). ConclusionThis study highlights the increased risk of severe anemia in AIFA-positive AIG patients, particularly for PA. Clinicians should consider the presence of AIFA as a warning sign for PA and prioritize early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent serious complications.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in Patients After Bariatric Surgery in Qassim Region, King Fahad Specialist Hospital

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in Patients After Bariatric Surgery in Qassim Region, King Fahad Specialist Hospital

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in the MASHAD Cohort Study.

Anemia is a serious public health problem which may be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and brain damage. This survey aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and its association with demographic and biochemical factors and metabolic syndrome in a human sample derived from the MASHAD cohort study. This survey was conducted on a sub-sample of 9847 individuals aged 35 to 65 as part of the MASHAD cohort study. Demographic characteristics and biochemical and anthropometrics indices were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Anemia was seen in 11.5% of the population. Anemia was significantly more prevalent in younger subject (P<0.001), females (P<0.001) and those with elevated body mass index (BMI) (P<0.001). Mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher in anemic participant (P=0.032). The incidence of anemia was significantly lower in smokers (P<0.001) and also participant with hypertension (HTN) (P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (DM) (P<0.001) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (P<0.001). Mean FBG (P<0.001), TG (P<0.001), total cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL (P<0.001) and uric acid (P<0.001) were significantly lower in anemic subjects. Cholesterol, MetS, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), BMI, uric acid, diabetes mellitus and also TG remained significantly different after multivariate analysis between anemic and healthy participants. The studied population had a lower prevalence of anemia compared to the previous WHO report for Iranians. Iron deficiency is recognized as the most important cause of anemia in Iran; however, further investigations will be need to confirm this pattern. We demonstrated that anemia is adversely associated with MetS and DM.

Regulatory Effect and Mechanism of Erythroblastic Island Macrophages on Anemia in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma.

To examine the clinical characteristics and anemia-related factors in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), as well as the effect and mechanism of erythroblastic islands (EBIs) and EBI macrophages in NDMM patients with anemia. We collected and analyzed clinical data to find anemia-related factors. Using flow cytometry, the numbers and ratios of erythroblasts and EBI macrophages were determined. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to determine the differences of EBI macrophages in NDMM patients with or without anemia. Based on the clinical characteristics of NDMM patients with anemia, MCV, abnormal levels of albumin, osteolytic lesions, and Durie-Salmon (DS) stage are risk factors for anemia. Patients with anemia have fewer erythroblasts, erythroblastic islands (EBIs), and EBI macrophages in their bone marrow than patients without anemia. RNA-seq analysis of EBI macrophages from the bone marrow of patients with and without anemia revealed that macrophages from patients with anemia are impaired and tend to promote the production of interleukin-6, which has been demonstrated to be an essential survival factor of myeloma cells and protects them from apoptosis. In NDMM patients with anemia, EBI macrophages are impaired, which causes anemia in those patients. Our finding highlights the significance of EBI macrophages in anemia in NDMM patients and provides a new strategy for recovery from anemia in these patients.

Significance of immunohematologic testing in mother and newborn ABO incompatibility.

The aim of this study was to define risk factors for jaundice and anemia in newborns with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and/or with an incompatible crossmatch due to ABO incompatibility between mother and newborn. ABO incompatibility has become a more significant cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn since the introduction of effective anti-D prophylaxis. The condition is common and, if clinically significant at all, causes only mild jaundice, which can be treated with phototherapy (PT). However, rare and serious presentations, requiring transfusion therapy, have been noted. Clinical, laboratory, and immunohematologic data were collected retrospectively from medical records of ABO-incompatible newborns and their mothers over a 5-year period (2016-2020) from University Hospital Centre Zagreb. Two groups of newborns were compared: those who needed medical intervention because of hyperbilirubinemia or anemia and those who did not. Within the group of newborns requiring intervention, we also compared those with A and B blood groups. Over the 5-year period, 72 of 184 (39%) newborns required treatment. The treatment was PT in 71 (38%) newborns and erythrocyte transfusion in 2 (1%). In 112 (61%) newborns, ABO incompatibility was an accidental finding while performing blood group typing; these newborns did not require any therapy. In conclusion, we found a statistical, but not clinically significant, difference between the groups of treated and untreated newborns, related to the mode of delivery and DAT positivity within hours of delivery. There were no statistically significant differences in characteristics between the groups of treated newborns, except for two newborns with blood group A who received erythrocyte transfusions.