Pregnancy Risk Factors Research Articles

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUNJUNGAN ANTENATAL PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI UPTD PUSKESMAS LANGSA KOTA

Pregnancy check-up as one of the early prevention efforts from risk factors for pregnancy. The low coverage of K4 visits in Indonesia is as much as 74.1% of prenatal care in the third trimester. The aim of the study was to find out the factors associated with third trimester pregnancy checks at the UPTD Puskesmas Langsa City in 2021. This study used an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all third trimester pregnant women as many as 65 respondents. Data collection techniques using primary data. In this study using univariate and bivariate data analysis. The results of this study used the Pearson Chi-Square statistical test for third trimester antenatal visits on knowledge with a p-value of 0.000, education with a p-value of 0.168, employment with a p-value of 0.000, family support with a p-value of 0.000, information with a p-value 0.000. The conclusion in this study is that knowledge and support from family, work and information have a relationship with examination of third trimester pregnancy visits. This research suggests health workers to provide health information to increase knowledge about the importance of third trimester pregnancy visits.

Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Ectopic Pregnancy in Our Sociodemographic Setup: A Prospective Observational Study

Background: Women in this region may have a different risk factor profile for ectopic pregnancy compared to women from other countries because they have specific characteristics (such as cultural, religious, and traditional values), socio-demographic determinants, sexual behavior and beliefs, and a preference for contraception. The present study has been objectively conducted to assess the various risk factors of ectopic pregnancy among women of Jammu region. Methods: This was a one year prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu with effect from February 2022 to November 2022. The patient provided written, fully informed consent. A total of 120 patients were included in the study in which 60 patients were cases and 60 were controls. Results: The risk of ectopic pregnancy was also found to increase with a number of risk factors, such as patients with lower socioeconomic status (56% vs 13.3%; p-value0.001), patients with history of abortions (23.3% vs. 8.3%;p-value=0.024*), patients with tuberculosis (13.3% vs. 1.7%; p-value< 0.001*), patients with endometriosis (11.7% vs. 1.7%; p-value=0.028), patients with infertility (18.3% vs. 3.3%; p-value=0.008*), patients with IUCD (13.3% vs1.7% ; p-value=0.015) and patients with previous ectopic pregnancy (11.7% vs. 1.7%;p=0.028). Conclusion: The current study showed that the primary risk factors for the incidence of ectopic pregnancies among women of Jammu region include advanced maternal age, low socioeconomic position, prior ectopic pregnancies, usage of IUCDs, history of abortions, and infertility Keywords: Ectopic pregnancy, risk factor for ectopic pregnancy, contraception, women of Jammu region

A STUDY OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY ITS RISK FACTORS AND COMPLICATIONS AT THE TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Background: Pregnancy in girls between 10 and 19 years is adolescent or teenage pregnancy. Teenage parenthood comes with dangers and realities that have been well-documented. Material & Methods:This observational study was conducted at Government Medical College, AkolaMaharashtra. 80 teenage mothers admitted to the ward from October 2019 to May 2021 were included after permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee, and consent from the patients & was evaluated regarding teenage pregnancy, its risk factors, and complications. SPSS version 2.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The majority of the patients 68.8% were in the age group of 18-19 years, the mean age of the patients was 17.75 ± 1.22 years. 26.2% of patients were booked, 73.8% had unbooked status. 58.8% had preterm delivery (≤37 weeks), and 41.2% had term delivery. The prevalence of anemia (<10 gm %) was 63.8%. 38.8% of patients were delivered through Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) and vaginal delivery was performed in 61.2%. 63.8% of patients had anemia while 21.2% and 13.7% of patients developed Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) respectively. 7.5% and 6.2% of patients had antepartum hemorrhage (APH) & intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) respectively. It was observed that unbooked status, preterm delivery, anemia, PIH, IUGR, Low birth weight (LBW), and NICU admission were signicant risk factors for teenage pregnancy. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancies are associated with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Maternal age is an important feature, as several obstetric and perinatal complications are more frequent in teenage mothers than in other age groups. Improving the general health and nutrition of the girl child, increasing the age of marriage and subsequent childbearing, and access to safe abortion services along with adequate antenatal care reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Measuring Nuance in Individual Contraceptive Need: A Case Study from a Cohort in Malawi.

Contraceptive counseling protocols tend to focus narrowly on pregnancy intentions, which may overlook other factors that contribute to whether an individual wants or needs contraception. In this report, we demonstrate the potential of two measures of individual contraceptive need that could be assessed as part of contraceptive counseling: (1) a composite score constructed from pregnancy intentions, sexual frequency, and perceived fecundity and (2) a direct measure of contraceptive need ("do you feel it is necessary for you to be using contraception right now?") We compare the two measures using data from Umoyo wa Thanzi, a cohort study in Central Malawi (N = 906; 2017-2018). More frequent sex, perceptions of being more fecund, and a stronger desire to avoid pregnancy were associated with directly reporting contraceptive need (p < 0.001). Women who directly reported contraceptive need had a higher average composite score than women who directly reported they had no need (mean = 7.4 vs. 6.3; p < 0.01), but nearly all participants had scores indicating some risk of unintended pregnancy. Contraceptive counseling protocols should consider assessing women's direct report of contraceptive need, along with risk factors for unintended pregnancy, such as sexual frequency, perceived fecundity, and desire to avoid pregnancy, to better counsel clients.

Early pregnancy cardio metabolic risk factors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome 10 years after the first pregnancy.

We aimed to compare risk factors for CVD 10 years postpartum among women who had ≥ 1 compared to no cardio metabolic risk factor in early first pregnancy. Women of the SCOPE (Screening fOr Pregnancy Endpoints) study from Adelaide, South Australia were invited to participate in a cardiovascular risk assessment 10 years after the delivery of the first child. Data from 141 women who completed all the assessments are included in the analyses. Compared to women who did not have any cardio metabolic risk factor at 15 ± 1 weeks' gestation during the first pregnancy, those who had ≥ 1 risk factor were 5.5 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome 10 years postpartum (aOR = 5.5, 95% CI 1.8-17.3, p = 0.004). Women who had ≥ 1cardio metabolic risk factor during the first pregnancy were more likely to be obese (p = 0.001), have high total cholesterol levels (p <0.001) or have increased insulin resistance (p <0.001) 10 years later compared to women who had no risk factor during the first pregnancy. 63.5% of the women with no cardio metabolic risk factor compared to 39% of women who had ≥ 1 risk factor in first pregnancy, had neither a complicated first pregnancy nor was diagnosed with MetS 10 years postpartum (p = 0.023). Cardio metabolic risk factors at the booking visit in the first pregnancy may be useful in identifying young women at risk of future CVD.

Preeclampsia and Obesity-The Preventive Role of Exercise.

Obesity is now recognized as a worldwide epidemic. An inadequate diet and reduced physical activity are acknowledged as the leading causes of excess body weight. Despite growing evidence that obesity is a risk factor for unsuccessful pregnancies, almost half of all women who become pregnant today are overweight or obese. Common complications of pregnancy in this group of women are preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. These conditions are also observed more frequently in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy complications with an unpredictable course, which in its most severe forms, threatens the life and health of the mother and her baby. The early identification of the risk factors for preeclampsia development, including obesity, allows for the implementation of prophylaxis and a reduction in maternal and fetal complications risk. Additionally, preeclampsia and obesity are the recognized risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease in later life, so prophylaxis and treating obesity are paramount for their prevention. Thus, a proper diet and physical activity might play an essential role in the prophylaxis of preeclampsia in this group of women. Limiting weight gain during pregnancy and modifying the metabolic risk factors with regular physical exercise creates favorable metabolic conditions for pregnancy development and benefits the elements of the pathogenetic sequence for preeclampsia development. In addition, it is inexpensive, readily available and, in the absence of contraindications to its performance, safe for the mother and fetus. However, for this form of prevention to be effective, it should be applied early in pregnancy and, for overweight and obese women, proposed as an essential part of planning pregnancy. This paper aims to present the mechanisms of the development of hypertension in pregnancy in obese women and the importance of exercise in its prevention.

Assessment risk factors for women with ectopic pregnancy in Al-Zashraa teaching hospital at Al-Najaf city

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy, accounting for approximately 10% of all pregnancy-related deaths. It remains to be a condition presenting as a serious health problem for women of childbearing age. It has been shown to reduce subsequent fertility and increase the chances of subsequent EP. Over recent decades, there has been a rise in the incidence of EP. There is extensive literature regarding the potential risk factors for EP. The identified risk factors for EP include age, previous EP, previous pelvic surgery, use of intrauterine devices (IUDs), female sterilization, history of pelvic inflammatory disease, history of infertility and smoking at the time of conception. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was adopted in order to achieve the stated objectives. The study began from 2 November 2021 to 24 April 2022. A non-probability sampling technique (purposive sample) based on the criteria of patient with only women with ectopic pregnancy sample of (48) woman who admitted who were selected from Al Zahra Teaching Hospital. Results: The study show the previous abortion was risk factors of ectopic pregnancy which there was high significant association. Recommends: The study recommends Educational health programs for women regarding risk factors of ectopic pregnancy.

HCV Prevalence and pregnancy outcome, Risk factors in pregnancy

HCV Prevalence and pregnancy outcome, Risk factors in pregnancy

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with IgA vasculitis with nephropathy (Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis) and those with IgA nephropathy: Childhood purpura nephritis is high risk for preeclampsia

Objective: Childhood IgA vasculitis in remission is not a known risk factor for pregnancy but can lead to complications such as preeclampsia, even in women with a low risk of kidney function decline.Methods: This retrospective study compared pregnancy outcomes between patients with IgA vasculitis with nephropathy (Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis) and those with IgA nephropathy who delivered at Osaka University Hospital between 2010 and 2020.Results: Seven patients with purpura nephritis and 37 patients with IgA nephropathy had a total of 9 and 53 pregnancies, respectively. Purpura nephritis patients had an earlier gestational age at delivery and higher frequency of preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia than IgA nephropathy patients, although differences were not significant. Among pregnancies at low risk of kidney function decline, 35 were with IgA nephropathy and 9 were with purpura nephritis. The incidence of preeclampsia was significantly higher with purpura nephritis (44%: 4/9) than with IgA nephropathy (9%: 3/35 including 2 with oocyte donation). Severe and early-onset preeclampsia was noted in 2 pregnancies with purpura nephritis.Conclusion: Patients with childhood purpura nephritis in remission may develop preeclampsia, with a higher risk of severe and early-onset preeclampsia than patients with IgA nephropathy.

Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Primiparous Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Childbirth is one of the most wonderful yet painful experiences in a woman’s life. Non pharmacological interventions like Therapeutic Touch (TT) can improve labour experiences in women. Aim: To assess the effect of TT on labour pain intensity, neonatal Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) score and admission to neonatal intensive care unit in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: In this review, PubMed-MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched till February 2022, for prospective studies fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomised controlled trials comparing TT and massage therapy with usual intranatal care in primiparous women with singleton foetus and without any risk factors for pregnancy were included in this review. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the trials. The results were presented in form of forest plots. Results: A total of 13 studies, including 1302 primiparous women, were included in the review for qualitative analysis. Amongst them ten studies involving 621 women included meta-analysis of labour pain intensity. Nine studies were included in the metaanalysis of the active phase of labour and four studies included in the transitional phase and one study in the fourth stage of labour. Eight studies used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity. Overall, there was a small reduction in pain intensity of primiparous women receiving massage/TT compared to routine care {SMD: -0.96 (95% CI: -1.33, -0.60)}. Significant reduction of pain intensity was found in active {SMD: -0.79 (95% CI: -1.26, -0.32)} and transitional phase of labour {SMD: -1.18 (95% CI: -1.67, -0.69)}. No significant reduction of neonatal admission to the intensive care unit and APGAR score &lt;7 at 5 minutes {RR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.31, 1.62)} was found. Conclusion: TT has beneficial effect on reduction of Labour pain intensity in primiparous women. But no detectable effect was found for neonatal outcomes.

Predicting Thrombophilia using Neural Networks and Decision Trees

The occurrence of thrombophilia during pregnancy results from a complex interaction of inherited and acquired factors, followed by an increase in blood coagulation and subsequent placental ischemic conditions. In this paper, a novel method is presented, whose aim is early identification of the risk of developing thrombophilia in pregnancy. The proposed method is based on machine learning algorithms: decision trees and neural networks. The research uses a dataset consisting of demographic, lifestyle, and clinical information from 35 pregnant women (22 healthy and 13 with thrombophilia). The results show the effectiveness of decision trees and neural networks in accurately predicting the risk of developing thrombophilia in pregnancy. The implications of this research are significant for clinical practice and it provides a valuable tool for early identifying women with high risk of thrombophilia in pregnancy that can enable improvement of preventive measures, such as lifestyle modifications and the use of therapeutic prophylaxis. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates the potential of machine learning algorithms for the prediction of thrombophilia in pregnancy. By combining advanced computational techniques with comprehensive datasets, we can enhance our understanding of thrombophilia in pregnancy risk factors and improve patient outcomes through personalized preventive measures.

Association between masked hypertension and late-onset fetal growth restriction at advanced maternal age

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major risk factor for complicated pregnancy including stillbirth. The all-pathophysiology results in uteroplacental insufficiency. Hypertension chronic or pregnancy-related complicates the all-prenatal periods. The relationship between fetal growth restriction and hypertension is well-known and this risk increases with maternal age. Late-onset FGR is diagnosed &gt;32 weeks. Masked hypertension (MH) is a phenotype of hypertension when clinic blood pressure is in the normal range in the office but elevated outside the office. This study examined the risk of late-onset FGR and masked hypertension at advanced maternal age. Sixty pregnant women over 40 years old were included in the study who delivered at our hospital with late-onset fetal growth restriction diagnosis. After taking detailed anamnesis from all individuals included in the study, detailed physical examination, obstetric examination and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were performed. Women with maternal chronic hypertension, pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid disease history, tobacco use, cardiac arrhythmia, fetal genetic abnormality or placental abnormality were excluded from the study. The prevalence of masked hypertension was statistically significantly higher in the group with late intrauterine growth. (n:13, 43% vs n:5, 16.7% p=0.02). Office systolic BP (125.5±4.1 mmHg vs 118.5±5.7 mmHg p=0.016), 24-hour systolic BP measurement (125±9 mmHg vs 119.7±5.7 mmHg p=0.03), and ambulatory nocturnal diastolic BP measurement (66.7±10 mmHg vs. 61.±5.5 mmHg p=0.03) was higher in the group with late FGR. Hypertension can lead to complications in the perinatal period. There is a bad association between FGR and hypertension. Masked hypertension should be considered especially in advanced age pregnant individuals with FGR.

Stress, Coping, Self-efficacy and Birth Satisfaction among Low-risk Pregnant Women: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Pregnant women worry about their physical changes, child delivery and impending parenthood. Wide range of psychological, biological and social factors influence emotional wellbeing during pregnancy which can be described by the extent of birth anxiety, self-efficacy and psychosocial adaptations. The factors like coping and self-efficacy help to overcome the stress and provide better birth satisfaction resulting in good mother and infant bonding. Aim: To know stress levels among low-risk pregnant women and to assess the influence of coping and self-efficacy of these women on birth satisfaction after delivery. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India, from January 2019 to June 2019. Total 188 pregnant women who reached term and without any known risk factors in the current pregnancy were enrolled. Data was collected using proforma and questionnaires by conducting semi-structured interview to measure pregnancy specific stress, coping, self-efficacy and birth satisfaction. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0. Multiple regression analysis was used for analysing the influence of stress, coping and self-efficacy on birth satisfaction. Results: Study showed that 14.36% of women had high levels of stress. Antenatal women residing at rural areas had high levels of stress than their urban counterparts (p-value=0.004). Employed women had high levels of self-efficacy (p-value=0.038). significant negative correlation was seen between the stress and self-efficacy (r-value=-0.479, p-value&lt;0.00001). Conclusion: Stress do exist even among low-risk pregnant women. Abilities like coping and self-efficacy improves birth satisfaction in women. Birth satisfaction is an important factor in ensuring positive birth experience and respectful maternity care.

Perinatal outcome of closely spaced pregnancies: a Moroccan retrospective study

the purpose of this study is to provide Moroccan data, study maternal risk factors and identify perinatal complications related to closely-spaced pregnancies. we conducted a retrospective case-control study at the Provincial Hospital Center in the city of Settat from June 1, 2020 to June 1, 2021. A total of 670 patients were admitted, but only 630 were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: a group of patients whose interpregnancy interval was <9 months (N = 443) and a control group whose interpregnancy interval was >9 months (N = 187). prematurity, hypotrophy and anemia p<0.05 were the main complications, the main risk factors for closely-spaced pregnancies were age >35 years (OR =19.079 (4.98; 73.06) p < 0.005), coming from a rural area (OR = 0.468 [0.28; 0.78] p < 0.005), having a low socioeconomic status (OR =3.465 [2.06; 5.81]; p < 0.005); the absence of contraceptive prescription in the postpartum period (OR =15.77 [7.31; 33.99]; p < 0.005); and breastfeeding breaks before getting pregnant (OR = 49.462 [15.78; 155.03]; p<0.05). prevention and specific family planning methods are necessary to avoid perinatal complications.

Incidence and risk factors associated with the occurrence of encephalic vascular accident in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle: an integrative review

Background: The encephalic vascular accident (EVA), also called stroke, is a complication that leads to high morbidity during the gestational period. The incidence of encephalic stroke is three times higher in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women, with an increase in rates in recent years. Considering the impacts of this comorbidity on the maternal-fetal health, this review aims to compile data regarding the incidence and risk factors related to the occurrence of EVA in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, in order to facilitate the identification of risk factors and the prevention of an unfavorable outcome. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature. The research was conducted using the databases from the Medical Literature and Retrivial System onLine (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS). The information was systematized based on the guiding question: “What is the incidence and risk factors related to the occurrence of encephalic vascular accident in the pregnancy-puerperal period?”. The descriptors used were: “Pregnant Women” AND “Stroke”. Original and complete articles, with free access, in English or Portuguese language, published in the last five years and with a detailed description on the subject were included in this review. Results and discussion: The incidence of pregnancy hospitalizations due to EVA ranged from 7.3 to 42.8 per 100,000 pregnant in the studies evaluated. Related to risk factors, a relationship was found with physiological changes during pregnancy, especially the state of hypercoagulability due to the increase in levels of prothrombotic factors. Additionally, hypertensive disorders during the pregnancy, such as eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia and advanced age, were also considered risk factors for stroke. Conclusion: Despite being an uncommon complication during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, stroke has a severe impact in women and fetus health, this condition is being related to physiological alterations inherent to pregnancy, pathological alterations and modifiable risk factors.

Early Pregnancy Blood Pressure Trajectories Predict Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension Among Low Risk Pregnancies

Develop and validate a prediction model for risk of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH) using early pregnancy blood pressure (BP) patterns plus risk factors (RF) routinely available in clinical settings among low and moderate risk pregnancies. Retrospective cohort of 249,892 low or moderate risk singleton pregnancies delivered at Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals in 2009-2019. Electronic health records excluded prior hypertension, heart, kidney or liver disease and history of PE. All BPs were < 140/90 at < 20 weeks gestation. Data were randomly divided into a training dataset (N=174,925;70%) for model development and a validation dataset (n=74,967;30%). We used group-based trajectory modeling of longitudinal clinical systolic BPs to identify early pregnancy BP trajectory (BPT) groups < 20 weeks. We fit multinomial logistic regression models to predict early PE (< 34 weeks), late PE (≥34 weeks) and GH including BPT alone or with multiple RF (BMI, parity, age, race/ethnicity, diabetes) vs. an initial BP alone or with other RF. C-statistics generated from the validation dataset evaluated model predictive performance. The sample of 249,892 low to moderate risk individuals had mean (SD) maternal age of 30.9 y (5.3), BMI of 26.0 kg/m2 (5.8), 57% were nulliparous, and 63% were from Black, Hispanic, or Asian groups, and 100% had all normal BPs < 20 weeks. Overall, 992 (0.4%) developed early PE, 10,612 (4.3%) late PE, and 10,854 (4.3%) GH. BPT group models performed much better (C-statistic:0.664-0.732) than models with initial BP only (0.630-0.700), multiple RF alone, or in combination (Table 1). The best model performance (0.729-0.768) to predict early PE, late PE and GH included BPT groups plus BMI, parity, age, race/ethnicity, and diabetes. Six BP patterns plus RF available in routine clinical care improved prediction of early and late PE, and GH in lower risk pregnancies. Our findings show promise to guide surveillance and strategies to distinguish risk among ostensibly low risk groups.

Pregnancy Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes and Hyperthyroidism

The significant frequency of thyroid dysfunction in women with pre-gestational DM calls for evaluation of thyroid function in these people during pregnancy. Thyroid dysfunction was present in both pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women, but in 27% of them, TPO Ab titers were positive, indicating the need for additional testing for postpartum thyroiditis and dysfunction. Therefore, it can be concluded from the findings that women with gestational diabetes mellitus were more likely than healthy pregnant women to have thyroid dysfunction, which is manifested as hypothyroidism with high anti-TPO levels.

Unintended pregnancy risk factors and perinatal outcomes in a nulliparous population

To investigate maternal risk factors and perinatal outcomes associated with unintended pregnancies in a nulliparous population who established early prenatal care.

Prevention of Stunting through Improving Maternal Parenting and Early Detection of Pregnancy Risk Factors

According to recommendations from the Jember Regency Government and the results of a field survey, stunting is one of the most pressing issues facing the community, particularly in the deployment area of Kemuningsari Kidul Village, Jenggawah, Jember. As part of an activity program, the villagers of Kemuningsari Kidul will receive counseling to prevent stunting by enhancing maternal parenting and detecting pregnancy risk factors early on. This activity aims to increase pregnant women's knowledge of stunting, preventative measures, and the definition of stunting in order to eliminate confusion among mothers. It is hoped that the program will be able to reduce the incidence of stunting in Jember and prevent its recurrence.

Analysis of the Safety and Pregnancy Outcomes of Fertility-sparing Surgery in Ovarian Malignant Sex Cord-stromal Tumours: A Multicentre Retrospective Study

AimsTo assess the difference in survival between fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) and radical surgery and explore pregnancy outcomes after FSS in stage I malignant sex cord-stromal tumours (MSCSTs). Materials and methodsWe carried out a multicentre retrospective cohort study on patients who were diagnosed with MSCSTs and the tumour was confined to one ovary. The patients were divided into FSS and radical surgery groups. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance variables between the two groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare the difference in disease-free survival (DFS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to find risk factors of DFS. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors of pregnancy. ResultsIn total, 107 patients were included, of whom 54 (50.5%) women underwent FSS and 53 (49.5%) received radical surgery. After IPTW, a pseudo-population of 208 was determined and all of the covariates were well balanced. After a median follow-up time of 50 months (range 7–156 months), 10 patients experienced recurrence and two died. There was no significant difference in DFS between the two groups, both in unweighted (P = 0.969) or weighted cohorts (P = 0.792). In the weighted cohort, stage IC (P = 0.014), tumour diameter >8 cm (P = 0.003), incomplete staging surgery (P = 0.003) and no adjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001) were the four high-risk factors associated with a shorter DFS. Among 14 patients who had pregnancy desire, 11 (78.6%) women conceived successfully; the live birth rate was 76.9%. In univariate analysis, only adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.009) was associated with infertility. ConclusionsOn the premise of complete staging surgery, FSS is safe and feasible in early stage MSCSTs with satisfactory reproductive outcomes.