Risk Factors In Pregnant Women Research Articles

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Determinants in Pregnant Women in Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria

BackgroundThere are limited epidemiological data on metabolic syndrome (MetS) during gestation in many developing nations. Available information on MetS prevalence in pregnancy is of clinical importance as it could aid in identifying pregnant women at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of MetS, and its associated risk factors in pregnant women in Auchi, Edo Stage, Nigeria. MethodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 223 pregnant women aged 17-45 years recruited from selected hospitals in Auchi and its environs. Information on socio-demography and nutritional habits were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric indices were determined using appropriate methods for height, weight and BMI. Blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were determined from the serum of the study participants using enzymatic assay. The prevalence of MetS was determined using the HNLBI/AHA and NECP ATP III definitions, modified for pregnant women.ResultsThe findings revealed the following prevalences: MetS 10.8% , low HDL 35.7%, obesity 14.4%, high blood pressure 4.5%, hyperglycaemia 21.6% and hypertriglyceridemia 11.8%. There was no significant association between social-demographic and life style parameters with MetS. ConclusionThe findings emphasize the importance of vigilant monitoring of pregnant women to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(3):485-494

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and its associated risk factors in pregnant women in Upper Egypt: A cross-sectional study

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and its associated risk factors in pregnant women in Upper Egypt: A cross-sectional study

ST‐ Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction after Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case Report

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of maternal death in developed countries, accounting for 20% of cardiovascular deaths [1]. The incidence is expected to continue to rise, due to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in pregnant women. Associated mortality is 5% in the pregnant population [2]. We present a particular case of a young woman presenting with ACS post partum from an ectopic pregnancy complicated by deep left ventricular dysfunction with a healthy coronary artery, in whom the diagnosis of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy is also discussed.

Study of risk factors in pregnant women with heart failure in a tertiary care hospital and its maternal outcome

Study of risk factors in pregnant women with heart failure in a tertiary care hospital and its maternal outcome

Retrospective Analysis of Pregnant Cases in Terms of Drug-Drug interactions and Teratogenic risks

Objective: While teratogenic risks in pregnant women are frequently discussed, polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions (DDI) are topics with little known information. The aim of this study is to determine the polypharmacy status, DDI, and teratogenic risk profile during pregnancy. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted covering the year 2023 on pregnant women who were referred for pharmacology consultation due to a history of drug use. Investigation of DDI was performed through the Micromedex and Medscape online query modules. Results: It was found that 113 pregnant women used a total of 71 different active ingredient drugs from 24 diverse pharmacological groups. The average number of drugs used per individual was 2.97. Analgesics, antibiotics, and gastric acid inhibitors were the most used medications, respectively. 11.6% of the women had a comorbidity, and cardiovascular diseases were the most common. It was determined that 28.3% of women had a serious or moderate DDI. The rate of drugs in categories D and X, which are particularly risky in terms of teratogenicity, was found to be 40.8%. Conclusion: In addition to teratogenic effects, polypharmacy and DDI are also significant risk factors in pregnant women. There is still a crucial need for evidence on the medications prescribed in pregnancy, how it specifically affects women with comorbidities, and related benefits and harms.

High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in pregnant women in Benin.

Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are highly prevalent in SubSaharan African communities. In these countries the burden of CVRF during early pregnancy has been poorly documented. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of CVRF in pregnant women before the 20th week of gestation in Benin. Consecutive pregnant women with a gestational age < 20th week were included in 30 maternity clinics in Benin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine characteristics associated with CVRF. 1244 pregnant women were included (680 (54.7%) in urban areas and 584 (45.3%) in rural areas). The median age was 26 years. The frequencies of high blood pressure (HBP), obesity and diabetes were 18.9%, 15.0% and 3.1% respectively. Very few women (25.3%) were aware of the HBP disorder. HBP was associated with an age ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.7, 95%CI:1.1-2.7), a rural setting (OR = 2.6; 95%CI:1.9-3.5), an insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR = 3.2; 95%CI:2.0-5.3) and a history of at least 2 fetal losses (OR = 1.9; 95% CI [1.4-2.7]). The risk of being overweight was associated with an age >24 years old (OR = 1.6; 95%CI:1.1-2.2) conversely a rural setting was protective (OR = 0.7; 95%CI:0.5-0.9). Obesity was associated with an age > 35 years old (OR = 4.1; 95%CI:2.5-6.8) and a rural setting (OR = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.2-0.5). The frequency of CVRF in women before 20th week of gestation was high. Most of the women were unaware of the disorder. Thus the screening of CVRF among women of reproductive age might be relevant.

Integrated health and social care for pregnant women and young families in a vulnerable situation in the Netherlands: Professionals’ views on cross-sectoral collaboration

Integrated health and social care for pregnant women and young families in a vulnerable situation in the Netherlands: Professionals’ views on cross-sectoral collaboration

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil: A Multi-Level Analysis.

This study assessed the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors among 428 pregnant women attending Basic Health Units (BHUs) in Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. The seroprevalence was 55.14%, indicating high exposure to the parasite in this population. Using a multi-level logistic regression model, this study analyzed these predictors to determine their association with a higher seropositivity rate, with BHUs included as a random factor. Predictors associated with higher seropositivity included older age (36-45 years), with a 71.64% prevalence in this group, and multiparity (61.65%). Women with lower educational levels were also more likely to be infected, with 59.46% seropositivity recorded among those who had only completed elementary school. Despite identifying several risk factors, no significant correlation was found between undercooked meat consumption or contact with soil and infection. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions, particularly for educating high-risk groups about toxoplasmosis prevention, such as safe food handling and avoiding raw dairy products. Additionally, BHUs play a critical role in early detection and prevention. These units are important for providing healthcare access and preventive education for vulnerable populations. Given the high seroprevalence, this study underscores the urgency of implementing prenatal screening and educational programs to reduce the risks of congenital toxoplasmosis in this region.

Uncovering the silent epidemic: Insulin resistance and some associated risk factors among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a low resource setting

The present study sought to identify insulin resistance and related risk factors in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). One hundred and eighty-one pregnant women (34 with GDM and 147 without GDM) participated in the study. GDM screening involved a 75g OGTT test, while a structured questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographics data, and HOMA IR was used to assess insulin resistance. The study identified a 19.2% prevalence of GDM. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the studied risk factors accounted for 94% of GDM development. Additionally, the ROC curve demonstrated the wealth index as a significant factor for GDM development. The study found a high prevalence of GDM among pregnant women in low-resource settings, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address the elevated occurrence. Socioeconomic factors such as low income and education were found to increase the risk of GDM

Hubungan Risiko Kehamilan Berdasarkan Kartu Skor Poedji Rochjati (KSPR) dengan Persalinan Sectio Caesarea dan Morbiditas Perinatal di Wilayah Puskesmas Mojo Kabupaten Kediri

Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still high, namely 177 per 100.000 live births. KSPR is a simple tool for early detection of risk factors in pregnant women. Pregnant women with high risk are more likely to experience complication during pregnancy and childbirth so that the possibility of caesarean delivery and perinata morbidity is igher. Complication during pregnancy and childbirth are also a factor in the high MMR. This study aims to determine the relationship between the risk of pregnant women based on the KSPR scoring results with caesarean section deliveries and perinatal morbidity. The research method uses observational analytic with retrospective data collection. The sample in this study were pregnant women who underwent ANC at the Mojo Health Center, Kediri Regency, from Januari to December 2021 who were included in the inclusion criteria and were determined using simple random sampling technique. Data collection trough secondary data in the form of register books, maternal cohorts, medical records, and data collection sheet. Research data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents (54%) had high-risk pregnancies (KRT). The results of the statistical test between the risk of pregnancy and sectio caesarea delivery obtained p value = 0,022 and the results of the statistical test between the risk of pregnancy and perinatal morbidity obtained p value = 0,946. These data indicate that there is a significant relationship between the risk of pregnancy and caesarean delivery and there is no significant relationship between risk of pregnancy and perinatal morbidity.

Gestational Diabetes : A Cross-Section of Factors and Complications in Mothers and Newborns in Southern Morocco

By way of introduction, the prevalence of gestational diabetes varies between 1% and 14%, in Morocco, a single study conducted in Dakhla in southern Morocco in 2019, estimates that the prevalence of GD is 7.7% in accordance with the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association, hence the need to explore the epidemiological profile in southern Morocco.  Methodology:- A cross-sectional descriptive analytical correlational epidemiological survey of 202 pregnant women during the period 2021-2022, conducted at the Dakhla regional hospital centre, which attempts to describe the individual, biological and gynecological-obstetric risk factors in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. As well as maternal and neonatal complications. The study also analyses the effect of hospital performance on the management of parturients.  Results:- The prevalence of GD is high in the age group [35,41] and over 42 years, mainly among illiterate. Several risk factors have been identified for GD : age, high preconceptional BMI, low level of education, polycystic syndrome, history of urinary infection, positive vaginal swab for Streptococcus B, and complications for mothers and newborns revolving around Dystocic delivery, macrosomia and hypoglycaemia in newborns. There is also retinopathy in premature babies due to candida albicans and early bacterial infection due to GSB in full- term newborns.

Pregnancy-induced Hypertension: What Are the Associated Factors in Rural Areas? A Study from Rural Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Abstract Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major significant cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes – mortality and morbidities in both mother and foetus. Aims: The present study aims to determine the prevalence of PIH and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in rural field areas of a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women-seeking antenatal services from January 2020 to October 2020 at three sub-centres (Raiwala, Pratit Nagar and Haripur Kala) of the Primary Health Centre (Raiwala) after giving informed consent. A sample size of 113 was calculated and included in our study. A pre-tested structured schedule was used to interview the study participants after a pilot test. Blood pressure was determined using an average of three measurements, and some clinical and laboratory findings were reviewed from medical records; these were mainly the mother-child protection card. Data were presented as frequency, percentage frequencies and the results are presented with the table. Fisher’s exact statistics were calculated for the association with pregnancy-induced hypertension, and logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. P &lt;0.05% was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of PIH among total study participants in Dehradun District, Uttarakhand, was 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8%–10.6%). The majority of respondents were noted in ≤ 30 years of age group (91.15%), followed by &gt; 30 years of age group (8.84%). In univariate regression, factors such as age, pre-term birth, abortion, pedal oedema, blurred vision, proteinuria, present history of gestational diabetes mellitus, present history of diabetes, present history of other morbidities, past history of diabetes, past history of other morbidities, i.e. surgeries, otitis media, obesity and thyroid, family history of hypertension and family history of diabetes were associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. In multivariate logistic regression, maternal age (adjusted odds ratio AOR = 18.29, 95 CI% =2.3–141.4, P = 0.005*), pre-term birth (AOR = 61.7, 95% CI = 3.5–1071.3, P = 0.005*), (proteinuria AOR = 8, CI = 0.80–79.6, P = 0.006*), gestational diabetes (AOR = 19.9, CI = 2.9–133.06, P = 0.002*), history of other morbidities (AOR = 13.4, 95% CI; 1.7–106.5, P = 0.014*) and family history of diabetes (AOR; 8.7, 95% CI = 1.7–43.3, P = 0.008*) were found as the predictor factors for developing PIH. Conclusions: Early detection and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension and risk factors in pregnant women by healthcare professionals and policy-makers at the community level should be strengthened.

Investigation of Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Possible Risk Factors in Pregnant Women with Diabetes at Risk.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women are at risk, with the latter group being susceptible to miscarriages. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity of T. gondii antibodies and potential risk factors in pregnant women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The research was conducted at the Ankara City Hospital Perinatology Clinic between October 2021 and June 2022. The study included 277 pregnant women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 277 healthy pregnant women who had given birth. Retrospective analysis of anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels was performed for patients between January 2020 and February 2022. Participants were administered an informed consent form and a questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS 22. Among pregnant women with diabetes, IgG seropositivity was 18.4%, IgM was 0.0%, and IgG+IgM was 0.0%. In healthy pregnant women, IgG seropositivity was 12.3%, IgM was 0.4%, and IgG+IgM was 0.4%. Overall, seropositivity rates were 15.3% for IgG, 0.2% for IgM, and 0.2% for IgG+IgM. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Among pregnant women with diabetes, there was a significant statistical difference (p<0.05) in anti-T. gondii IgG seropositivity related to education, employment status, number of pregnancies and live births, history of toxoplasmosis diagnosis in children, previous toxoplasmosis diagnosis, hygiene, nutrition, and social habits. Among healthy pregnant women, significant statistical differences were found (p<0.05) in IgG seropositivity related to age, income, education level, number of pregnancies and live births, previous toxoplasmosis diagnosis, hygiene, nutrition, and social habits. No invasive interventions were performed on infants born to seropositive mothers, and perinatal data were not available. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Ankara appears to be decreasing, but T. gondii infections continue to pose a public health concern and are significant in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus.

Risk Factors in Pregnant Women as Predictors of Postpartumhaemorrhage: A Systematic Review Aligned with SDG Goals

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the risk factors affecting mothers that serve as predictors of postpartum haemorrhage, with the aim of identifying key predictors to improve clinical outcomes and reduce maternal mortality, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. The framework includes understanding the pathophysiology of postpartum haemorrhage, maternal health indicators, and predictive analytics models. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for reducing Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) provide a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a systematic review of the literature. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Neliti, and Research Gate using the keywords "risk factor as predictor for postpartum haemorrhage." The search yielded 3587 articles, which were screened based on inclusion criteria: published between 2014 and 2024, original articles, full-text accessible, in English or Indonesian, and relevant to risk factors predicting postpartum haemorrhage. This process narrowed the selection to 805 articles. Further screening based on exclusion criteria, such as discrepancies in research titles, article inaccessibility, and duplication, resulted in six articles. These align with the PICOS framework: Population (women giving birth with or without comorbidities), Intervention (risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage), Outcome (predictors of postpartum haemorrhage), and Study (observational studies like cohorts, case controls, and cross-sectional studies). Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed 33 risk factors that could be used as predictors of postpartum haemorrhage. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section, including variations in study design and population characteristics. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of maternal health. These implications could encompass clinical practice guidelines, development of predictive tools, and policy-making aimed at reducing MMR in line with SDGs Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the originality of the research through the identification of multiple risk factors as clinical predictors of postpartum haemorrhage. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the potential to develop scoring systems, nomograms, and XGBoost classification models, which may significantly impact maternal healthcare practices and outcomes.

Risk Factors of Pregnant Women with Anemia for LBW Incidence in Maospati, Indonesia

Risk Factors of Pregnant Women with Anemia for LBW Incidence in Maospati, Indonesia

Anaemia prevalence and risk factors in pregnant women in Oman: a retrospective case-control study

Background/Aims Anaemia is a multifactorial condition and understanding its prevalence and associated factors is crucial for effective healthcare planning and interventions. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy and its potential risk factors in Oman. Methods A retrospective approach was used to identify anaemia cases by examining medical records taken from 9321 women who gave birth at the hospital over 3 years. Chi-squared tests were used to establish differences in risk factors using a case-control design, with a 1:2 ratio. Results The crude prevalence of anaemia was 31.2%, dropping to 4.9% after excluding women with chronic and/or acute diseases. Significant differences were found in nationality (χ2=4.738, P=0.030), body mass index (χ2=6.392, P=0.041) and gestational age (χ2=4.329, P=0.037) for women with anaemia compared to those without. Conclusions These findings underscore the significance of assessing and managing anaemia in pregnancy, while considering the interaction of demographic and clinical variables in formulating anaemia prevention strategies.

Developing and Testing PREDHIS (Pregnant Dental Health Information System): A Self-Detection Tool for Oral Disease Risk Factors in Pregnant Women

During pregnancy, gum sensitivity and the possibility of gum bleeding increases. Thedental and oral examination program during pregnancy can be carried out in conjunction with thepregnancy check-up program schedule and suggests the use of the Pregnant Women's Healthy Dental Card (KASIH) for dental and oral disease risk assessment since early pregnancy which is then referred to the Dental Clinic. However, the implementation has not been maximized due to the lack of cooperation of the party in charge of health services, as well as the insignificant number of visits of pregnant women referred to the dental clinic from the MCH clinic due to the mother's perception of the need for a healthy oral cavity. This study aims to produce a detection tool application that is feasible according to experts and acceptable to pregnant women as a tool that is able to detect risk factors for oral and dental disease in pregnant women independently. This study was Research and Development with a sample of 15 pregnant women as a test sample for acceptance of the development model. the result is PREDHIS as self-detection tool which android- based mobile apps, said to be very feasible according to the assessment of information technology experts, dental health experts and maternal and child health experts, and has a good level of user acceptance in providing usefulness and convenience based on the assessment of pregnant women. Hence, this study shown that a system can be built, namely the PREDHIS which is able to detect risk factors for oral and dental disease in pregnant women independently which is feasible and acceptable according to needs assessment.

Outcome of pregnant women admitted to critical care unit with confirmed severe COVID-19: A center experience.

To explore the traits and risk factors of pregnant women admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with COVID-19. Moreover, the study classifies outcomes based on differing levels of required respiratory support during their intensive care stay. This retrospective and descriptive study included all pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted to the adult critical care unit at a specialized tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Between January 2020 and December 2022. A total of 38 pregnant women were identified and were eligible for our study. The mean age of the patients was 32.9 (19-45) years, and the average Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHI IV) score was 49.9 (21-106). Approximately 60.5% of the patients suffered from superimposed infections during their ICU stay. Approximately 81.6% patients were delivered by C-section, 33 of the newborns survived, and 5 died. The crude mortality rate among pregnant women in our cohort was 15.8%. Patients treated with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) were mostly discharged or delivered normally, while the mechanical ventilation (MV) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation groups mostly underwent C-sections. Most of the surviving newborns were on HFNC and MV. Patients with multiple infections had the longest ICU stay and had the highest risk of death. The results of this study highlight the characteristics of pregnant women admitted to the ICU at a specialized tertiary healthcare center in Saudi Arabia. The APACHI IV scores accurately predicted patient's mortality, duration of MV, and length of ICU stay. In our study, we shared our experience of managing severe COVID-19 infections in pregnant patients.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infection and its Associated Risk factors in Pregnant Women Visiting Hospitals of Southern Punjab

Background: Hepatitis B and C infections remain formidable challenges to global health, with significant morbidity and mortality rates, especially among pregnant women. These infections pose substantial risks not only to the infected individuals but also to their unborn children, due to the potential for vertical transmission. In Pakistan, particularly in the Southern Punjab region, the prevalence and impact of these infections demand rigorous investigation to inform public health strategies. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women visiting selected hospitals in Southern Punjab, Pakistan, and to identify associated risk factors, thereby contributing to the formulation of targeted intervention strategies. Methods: Employing an analytical cross-sectional design, this study involved 422 pregnant women from the outpatient departments of Gynecology at Nishtar Hospital, Shahbaz Sharif Hospital in Multan, and Bismillah Medical Complex in Kahror Pacca, between December 1, 2023, and March 5, 2024. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data on demographic characteristics and potential risk factors were collected through a structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B and C seropositivity was determined through specific serological tests. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, focusing on the prevalence rates and the identification of major and minor risk factors for the transmission of Hepatitis B and C. Results: The study found an 8.3% prevalence rate for Anti-HCV and a 5.2% prevalence rate for HBsAg among the participants. Notable risk factors included ear or nose piercings, history of blood transfusions, and previous cesarean sections. Socio-demographic analysis revealed higher rates of infection among participants with lower educational levels, those residing in rural areas, and among certain age groups and parity statuses. Conclusion: The observed prevalence rates of Hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women in Southern Punjab highlight the critical need for enhanced screening programs, targeted vaccination initiatives, and comprehensive education campaigns to mitigate the risk of vertical transmission and reduce the burden of these infections.

Low-birth-weight scorecard for early prevention: the accuracy for predicting low-birth-weight infants based on maternal risk factor

Introduction: Babies with low birth weight (LBW) have a risk of complications and health problems. One of the efforts to prevent LBW births is to detect risk factors in pregnant women. This study aimed to test the accuracy of an early LBW detection scorecard based on maternal risk factors. Methods: The research design used was observational analytical. The sample in this study was 177 mothers who were registered and delivered at hospitals and public health centers in Surabaya and were selected using a purposive sampling method. The research instruments used were LBW scorecard, maternal medical records, and baby’s scale. The accuracy of the scorecard was measured with Mann-Whitney test, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The LBW scorecard which was based on maternal factors analysis can significantly predict LBW births (p = 0.000). Based on the ROC curve analysis, it was known that the early detection scorecard has a cut-off point of 3.5, and an accuracy of 88.70%, which indicated that the scorecard has high accuracy in predicting LBW. Conclusions: The LBW early detection scorecards is able accurately to predict the incidence of LBW births. Through analysis and calculation of maternal risk factor, it can be seen whether the mother is at risk of giving birth to a LBW or normal weight baby. Early detection of LBW can improve services for at-risk babies, resulting in a positive impact on their health outcomes.